this dissertation investigates the transformations of the towns of atikokan in canada and oloibiri in nigeria, both transitioning from reliance on extractive industries. focusing mainly on their social and economic challenges and opportunities, it highlights the distinct paths each has taken toward resilience and adaptation in the wake of industrial decline. by employing a mixedmethods approach, including interviews with community leaders, residents, stakeholders, and politicians, the research offers an understanding of how these towns have navigated their postindustrial realities. the towns of atikokan and oloibiri, each with a unique history linked to extractive practices, provide contrasting narratives. atikokan’s shift from iron mining to a diversified economy showcases the benefits of proactive planning and strong community engagement, while oloibiri's experience with economic hardship and environmental challenges post-oil depletion underscores the dangers of over-reliance on a single resource. this contrast highlights the importance of strategic diversification and environmental stewardship. [...]