can complex adaptive systems theory contribute to understanding attachment injuries in adult relationships? a qualitative approach
abstract
researchers have discovered that the world is composed of panarchies of complex adaptive systems. this
approach acknowledges the existence of non-linear relationships and emerging patterns among nested
systems. systems exist on varying interacting scales including at the level of the individual, among groups,
societies and ecologies. complexity theorists have identified a four-phased process, the adaptive cycle,
which can help us understand how complex adaptive systems change. the adaptive cycle typically involves
the system shifting from initial growth, to increased structure and efficiency at the cost of resilience,
followed by shock, release, and reorganization. this process has been identified in various types of systems
and across disciplines, but complexity theory has not informed understanding of couple dynamics or the
processing of attachment injuries. attachment injuries are critical moments in close relationships that can
influence how we view ourselves, others, and the world. in study 1, 15 community members spoke about
their lived experience with attachment injuries. in study 2, eight participants familiar with complexity
theory shared their views on the connections between complexity and couple relationships. the two groups
recruited reflect an effort to explore attachment and complexity from two unique angles. the studies were
conducted in parallel, rather than sequentially. a qualitative approach was identified as most appropriate
since this intersection in research has not been explored. data analysis was iterative, conceptually- and data-driven, and informed by thematic analysis, in order to identify emerging themes. study 1 themes were: (a)
context of injury, (b) impact of injury, (c) impact on and role of beliefs, (d) attachment processes, and (e)
release and reorganization. study 2 themes included: (a) uncertainty, and (b) perceived positives of adopting
a complexity lens. conceptualizing relationships and attachment as complex systems, directions for future
research, and considerations for psychologists, are discussed.