the effect of instruction on children's knowledge of marine ecology, attitudes toward the ocean, and stances toward marine resource issues

abstract

this study examined grade 4 世界杯2022赛程表淘汰赛 ' knowledge of marine ecology, their attitude towards the seashore and ocean, and their stances (preservationist, conservationist, exploitive) towards marine resource issues before and after a classroom instructional unit. 世界杯2022赛程表淘汰赛 ' pre-instructional and post-instructional questionnaires, drawings and writing were collected and analyzed. prior to instruction, the 世界杯2022赛程表淘汰赛 ' knowledge level was low, however their ocean attitudes were positive and they were predominately preservationist and conservationist in their stances. the instructional unit was developed using a constructivist perspective with an emphasis on experiential learning and included field trips to the seashore and the investigation of a local marine resource issue (pacific salmon stock depletion). after instruction, a significant increase in knowledge and positive attitude was evident. as well, 世界杯2022赛程表淘汰赛 ' stances toward marine resource issues were less polarized. the results have implications for environmental education in general and marine ecology and resource management studies in particular.