%pdf-1.3
%âãÏÓ
1 0 obj
<<
/opm 1
/type/extgstate
>>
endobj
2 0 obj
<<
/op true
/type/extgstate
>>
endobj
3 0 obj
<<
/op false
/type/extgstate
>>
endobj
4 0 obj
<<
/length 3949
>>
stream
/gs0 gs
1 g
0 648 0 0 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
0 0 0 0 k
36 63 324 531 re
f
1 w 
0 0 0 1 k
36 53.86 m
360 53.86 l
s
36 38.9391 324 11.858 re
f
36 63.006 324 530.9951 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f0 1 tf
14 0 0 14 37 582.7402 tm
0 0 0 1 k
[(t)111(oward t)110(eaching environmental ethics: exploring)]tj
0 -1.21904 td
(problems in the language of evolving social)tj
t*
[(v)111(alues)]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 37 525.4722 tm
0 0 0 1 k
[(eugene har)17(gr)18(ove, university of north t)111(exas, usa)]tj
et
1 w 
0 0 0 1 k
55 500.412 m
341 500.412 l
s
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f0 1 tf
10 0 0 10 55 480.8818 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(abstract)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 55 460.6818 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.0002 tc
(i)tj
0.58665 0 td
0 tc
[(explor)18(e the pr)17(oblems cr)18(eated by the natural and social science)]tj
-0.58665 -1.3 td
[(appr)17(oaches to values in higher education, ar)18(guing that over time)]tj
t*
(they will r)tj
4.52563 0 td
(ender moral language unintelligible. i illustrate these)tj
-4.52563 -1.3 td
[(pr)17(oblems with an examination of the value implications of the)]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 55 408.6818 tm
0 0 0 1 k
[(y)92(ukon w)20(olf  conservation and management plan)]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 256.0596 408.6818 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.0001 tc
(.)tj
0.49979 0 td
(i)tj
0.58679 0 td
0 tc
(suggest a way in)tj
-21.19255 -1.3 td
[(which value education at the primary and secondary school lev)1(-)]tj
t*
(els could help pr)tj
7.36743 0 td
(epar)tj
1.95654 0 td
-0.0002 tc
(e)tj
0.72868 0 td
0 tc
(adults of the futur)tj
8.01058 0 td
-0.0001 tc
(e)tj
0.72874 0 td
0 tc
(for a kind of policy)tj
-18.79198 -1.30001 td
[(making that pr)17(omotes the values stipulated in envir)18(onmental)]tj
0 -1.3 td
[(law)92(. i use the concept of envir)18(onmental citizenship pioneer)17(ed by)]tj
t*
[(envir)18(onment canada coupled with training in traditional values)]tj
t*
(in the context of a variety of fields in the arts, humanities, and)tj
t*
(the sciences.  )tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f0 1 tf
10 0 0 10 55 293.8818 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(r\216sum\216)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 55 273.6818 tm
0 0 0 1 k
[(j\325analyse les pr)18(obl\217mes cr\216\216s par les appr)18(oches scientifiques)]tj
0 -1.3 td
[(natur)17(elles et sociales aux valeurs de l\325\216ducation sup\216rieur)19(e, en)]tj
t*
(all\216guant qu\325ils r)tj
7.44946 0 td
[(endr)18(ont le langage moral inintelligible avec le)]tj
-7.44946 -1.3 td
[(temps. j\325illustr)18(e ces pr)18(obl\217mes avec un examen des implications)]tj
t*
(des valeurs v\216hicul\216es dans la politique de gestion du loup du)tj
(y)'
0.57715 0 td
(ukon. je sugg\217r)tj
6.84204 0 td
-0.0001 tc
(e)tj
0.72875 0 td
0 tc
(comment l\325\216ducation aux valeurs au primair)tj
19.65528 0 td
(e)tj
-27.80322 -1.30001 td
[(et au secondair)18(e pourrait aider \210 pr\216par)17(er les adultes de demain)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.0001 tc
<88>tj
0.7497 0 td
0 tc
(une formulation des politiques qui fait la pr)tj
19.30279 0 td
(omotion des)tj
-20.05249 -1.3 td
(valeurs \216nonc\216es dans la l\216gislation envir)tj
18.29492 0 td
(onnementale. j\325utilise)tj
-18.29492 -1.3 td
(le concept d\325\216cocivisme lanc\216 par envir)tj
17.3894 0 td
(onnement canada)tj
-17.3894 -1.3 td
(jumel\216 \210 une formation aux valeurs traditionnelles dans le)tj
t*
(contexte d\325une vari\216t\216 de champs dans les arts, les sciences)tj
et
1 w 
0 0 0 1 k
55 106.3821 m
341 106.3821 l
s
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 55 117.6819 tm
(humaines et les sciences.)tj
et
0 0 0 0 k
36 38.883 324 11.858 re
f
72 53.856 m
324 53.856 l
s
36 38.902 324 11.8581 re
f
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f3 1 tf
8.5 0 0 8.5 36 44.6589 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.0001 tc
(114)tj
8.9787 0 td
0 tc
(canadian journal of en)tj
11.12622 0.00001 td
(vir)tj
1.20288 0.00001 td
(onmental education,)tj
10.07031 0.00001 td
(5,)tj
1.07178 0.00001 td
(spring 2000)tj
/f4 1 tf
1 0 0 1 -1000 1648 tm
1 g
-0.278 tc
( )tj
et
q

endstream
endobj
5 0 obj
<<
/length 5368
>>
stream
/gs0 gs
1 g
0 648 0 0 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
0 0 0 0 k
36 63 324 531 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 37 585.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.022 tc
-0.001 tw
[(t)-10(her)17(e have been concerns about moral education in schools for thousands of)]tj
0 -1.30001 td
-0.01 tc
-0.007 tw
[(years. )37(aristotle (n.d.) writes in his )]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 184.7194 572.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.01 tc
-0.007 tw
(nicomachean ethics)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 267.0844 572.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.01 tc
-0.007 tw
[(that \322sparta is practi)-1(-)]tj
-23.00844 -1.3 td
-0.013 tc
-0.01 tw
[(cally the only state wher)17(e the legislator has appar)18(ently paid much attention)]tj
0 -1.30001 td
(to the upbringing and daily pursuits of citizens. in most states such matters)tj
-0.0201 tc
(have)'
2.27304 0 td
-0.02 tc
-0.003 tw
[(been neglected, and each man lives as he likes, r)8(uling his wife and chil-)]tj
-2.27304 -1.3 td
-0.03 tc
0.008 tw
[(dr)18(en in the manner of the cyclops\323 \(bk. 10, chap. 9, 1)54(180a25-30\). he then adds)]tj
t*
-0.01 tc
0.044 tw
[(that \322although the best arrangement would be for the r)16(egulation of moral)]tj
t*
0 tw
[(matters to be taken over and pr)17(operly administer)18(ed by the community)111(, yet)]tj
t*
-0.006 tw
[(inasmuch as the community neglects them it is rightly consider)18(ed the duty)]tj
t*
-0.004 tw
[(of each of us to help his own childr)19(en and friends along the r)17(oad to virtue\323)]tj
t*
0.124 tw
[(\(bk. 10, chap. 9, 1)54(180a25-30\). over the past 30 years, for example, in the)]tj
t*
0.007 tw
[(united states, ther)18(e has been a r)17(eluctance to permit the teaching of morali-)]tj
t*
0.097 tw
[(ty in primary and secondary schools, with a bow to the r)18(esponsibility of)]tj
t*
-0.018 tc
0 tw
(par)tj
1.42326 0 td
-0.004 tw
[(ents. in r)18(ecent years, however)74(, ther)17(e has been gr)18(owing concern that, as in)]tj
-1.42326 -1.3 td
-0.001 tc
0.115 tw
[(aristotle\325s time, par)18(ental training may be uneven at best and absent at)]tj
t*
-0.01 tc
0 tw
[(worst, r)18(equiring intervention in the schools if ethics is to be taught at all.)]tj
2.0375 -1.3 td
-0.002 tc
-0.011 tw
[(one serious dif)18(ficulty has been an earlier ef)17(fort called concept clarifi)1(-)]tj
-2.0375 -1.3 td
0 tc
0.072 tw
[(cation, accor)18(ding to which the teacher avoids criticism about the values)]tj
t*
-0.002 tc
-0.011 tw
[(being taught simply by encouraging the pupils to make up their own val)-2(-)]tj
t*
-0.012 tc
0 tw
[(ues and ethics. this appr)18(oach failed because opponents wer)18(e able to ar)18(g)1(u)1(e)1(,)]tj
t*
0 tc
(pr)tj
0.97778 0 td
0.001 tw
(obably corr)tj
5.0106 0 td
0 tw
(ectly)tj
1.98437 0 td
-0.0002 tc
(,)tj
0.50025 0 td
0 tc
0.001 tw
[(that it taught the r)16(elativity of moral values and ethics,)]tj
-8.47301 -1.30001 td
0.056 tw
[(pr)17(omoting the idea that they wer)17(e mer)18(ely a matter of individual choice,)]tj
0 -1.3 td
0.054 tw
[(independent of any generally accepted social and moral standar)18(ds. this)]tj
t*
-0.002 tc
-0.01 tw
[(appr)17(oach r)18(eplaced the concern that teachers would pr)18(esent their personal)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.061 tw
[(moral views as the accepted standar)18(d with the concern that they would)]tj
t*
0.005 tc
0.119 tw
[(teach childr)18(en that ther)17(e wer)17(e no commonly accepted standar)19(ds at all)]tj
t*
0 tc
0 tw
((bennett, 1980).)tj
1.8 -1.3 td
-0.006 tc
-0.007 tw
(another dif)tj
5.08306 0 td
(ficulty has been the anti-value and ethics training that stu)tj
24.98406 0 td
0 tc
(-)tj
-31.86712 -1.30001 td
-0.002 tc
-0.011 tw
[(dents have been r)18(eceiving in the natural and social sciences for mor)18(e than)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.0243 tc
(a)tj
0.713 0 td
-0.024 tc
0.012 tw
[(century)110(. science 世界�2022赛程表淘汰赛
 ar)19(e r)17(outinely taught that values ar)17(e personal bias-)]tj
-0.713 -1.3 td
-0.012 tc
-0.001 tw
(es and that they should pr)tj
11.24152 0 td
(oceed scientifically in a value-fr)tj
13.5425 0 td
(ee manner)tj
4.44538 0 td
-0.0121 tc
(.)tj
0.47527 0 td
-0.012 tc
(in the)tj
-29.70468 -1.30001 td
0 tc
-0.009 tw
[(social sciences, 世界�2022赛程表淘汰赛
 ar)19(e taught that values become objective by being)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.015 tc
0.002 tw
[(converted into quantifiable economic values. these values so converted ar)19(e)]tj
t*
-0.004 tc
-0.008 tw
[(said to be facts (how people collectively feel) that ar)17(e fr)18(ee fr)18(om the taint of)]tj
t*
0 tc
0 tw
(normative ethics. )tj
1.8 -1.3 td
-0.005 tc
-0.007 tw
(the combination of the neglect in primary and secondary schools and)tj
-1.8 -1.3 td
0 tc
0.027 tw
(the anti-ethics training in the natural and social sciences has made it vir-)tj
t*
-0.003 tc
-0.01 tw
(tually impossible to carry out the moral dimensions of our envir)tj
28.03203 0.00001 td
0 tw
(onmental)tj
-28.032 -1.3 td
0.015 tc
0.11 tw
(laws. in the united states and canada, envir)tj
21.06165 0.00001 td
(onmental laws typically)tj
-21.0617 -1.3 td
-0.016 tc
0.004 tw
[(include purpose statements that list values that ar)17(e)1( )1(t)1(o)1( )1(b)1(e)1( )1(p)1(r)19(omoted by these)]tj
et
1 w 
0 0 0 1 k
36 53.86 m
360 53.86 l
s
0 0 0 0 k
36 38.902 324 11.8581 re
f
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f3 1 tf
8.5 0 0 8.5 36 44.6589 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(t)tj
0.531 0 td
(o)tj
0.596 0 td
(war)tj
1.7029 0 td
-0.0003 tc
(d)tj
0.7888 0 td
0 tc
(t)tj
0.551 0 td
[(eac)10(hing en)39(vir)20(onmental ethics)-18072(115)]tj
et
q

endstream
endobj
6 0 obj
<<
/length 5595
>>
stream
/gs0 gs
1 g
0 648 0 0 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
0 0 0 0 k
72 63 324 531 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 73 585.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.01 tw
[(laws. for example, the )18(y)89(ukon envir)18(onment )37(act \(y)90(ukon t)92(erritory)110(, 1991\) in)]tj
0 -1.30001 td
-0.012 tw
(the first paragraph lists economic, aesthetic, cultural, and spiritual values)tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.001 tc
-0.011 tw
[((p. 9). fr)17(om a social science perspective, the second, thir)20(d, and fourth val-)]tj
0 -1.30001 td
0 tc
0.008 tw
[(ues, in common practice, collapse into the first as they ar)18(e converted into)]tj
t*
-0.02 tc
0.007 tw
[(weak economic values. in the natural sciences\325 perspective, they ar)19(e ignor)17(ed)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.001 tc
-0.012 tw
[(as personal biases on the gr)18(ounds that scientists should not include value)]tj
t*
0 tc
0 tw
(considerations in their work.)tj
1.8 -1.3 td
0.048 tw
[(in this paper)74(, i first explor)17(e the pr)18(oblems cr)18(eated by the natural and)]tj
-1.8 -1.3 td
-0.006 tc
-0.007 tw
[(social science appr)18(oaches in higher education, ar)18(guing that over time they)]tj
t*
0.01 tc
0.115 tw
[(will r)18(ender moral language unintelligible. second, i suggest a way in)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.024 tw
(which value education at the primary and secondary school levels could)tj
t*
-0.011 tc
-0.001 tw
[(h)1(e)1(l)1(p)1( )1(p)1(r)18(e)1(p)1(a)1(r)19(e)1( )1(a)1(d)1(u)1(l)1(t)1(s)1( )1(o)1(f)1( )1(t)1(h)1(e)1( )1(f)1(u)1(t)1(u)1(r)18(e for a kind of policy making that pr)17(omotes)]tj
t*
-0.007 tc
-0.006 tw
[(the values stipulated in envir)18(onmental law)91(. her)18(e i use the concept of envi-)]tj
0 tc
(r)'
0.37695 0 td
0.099 tw
[(onmental citizenship pioneer)18(ed by envir)17(onment canada coupled with)]tj
-0.37695 -1.3 td
0.07 tw
(traditional value training in the context of a variety of fields in the arts,)tj
t*
0 tw
(humanities, and the sciences. )tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f0 1 tf
10 0 0 10 147.6352 356.0709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(the problem in environmental policy)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 73 332.2709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.002 tc
-0.01 tw
(the scientific community has generally taken a very narr)tj
24.90279 0 td
(ow and negative)tj
-24.90279 -1.3 td
0 tc
0.01 tw
(view of ethics and values in the 20th century)tj
19.66284 0 td
-0.0001 tc
(.)tj
0.50956 0 td
0 tc
(in accor)tj
3.48904 0 td
(dance with the log)tj
8.20578 0 td
(-)tj
-31.86722 -1.30001 td
0.1 tw
[(ical positivism of the early part of this century)110(, most scientists ar)19(e now)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.008 tc
-0.005 tw
[(trained to think of science as a value-fr)18(ee activity)110(. they ar)18(e taught that val)-1(-)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.007 tw
(ues ar)tj
2.63941 0 td
-0.0002 tc
(e)tj
0.73575 0 td
0 tc
0 tw
(su)tj
1.0267 0 td
-0.005 tc
0.007 tw
(bjective, biased, emotional, even irrational and have no place in)tj
-4.40186 -1.30001 td
-0.01 tc
-0.008 tw
[(their pr)17(ofessional work. it is this anti-value indoctrination that is the single)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.009 tc
[(most serious inhibition to the application of envir)18(onmental ethics in public)]tj
t*
-0.013 tc
-0.004 tw
[(policy decision-making today)111(. because of this bias against values, it is mor)18(e)]tj
t*
-0.005 tc
0.002 tw
[(dif)18(ficult for contemporary policy-makers to deal with the value aspects of)]tj
t*
0 tw
(envir)tj
2.27074 0 td
0.018 tw
(onmental pr)tj
5.38455 0 td
(oblems in this century than it would have been for their)tj
-7.65529 -1.3 td
-0.028 tc
0.011 tw
(counterparts in the 19th century)tj
13.20408 0 td
-0.0281 tc
(.)tj
0.4549 0 td
(w)tj
0.91698 0 td
-0.028 tc
(ith r)tj
1.69605 0 td
(espect to our ability to deal with value)tj
-16.27201 -1.30001 td
-0.005 tc
0 tw
[(issues in public policy)111(, we have r)18(egr)17(essed rather than pr)18(ogr)17(essed.)]tj
1.8 -1.3 td
-0.016 tc
-0.009 tw
[(iain douglas-hamilton (1975) pr)18(ovides a good example of this pr)18(oblem)]tj
-1.8 -1.3 td
-0.013 tc
-0.01 tw
(in his book )tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 122.382 163.2709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.013 tc
-0.01 tw
(among the elephants)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 207 163.2709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.0126 tc
(.)tj
0.46428 0 td
-0.013 tc
-0.01 tw
(douglas-hamilton was a graduate student)tj
-13.86428 -1.3 td
-0.009 tc
0 tw
(fr)tj
0.69347 0.00001 td
-0.008 tc
0.121 tw
[(om oxfor)18(d who went to t)92(anzania to study an ecological pr)18(oblem in a)]tj
-0.69347 -1.30001 td
-0.013 tc
-0.001 tw
[(national park called manyara. the pr)18(oblem was that the elephants wer)17(e on)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.024 tc
(the ver)tj
2.89064 0.00001 td
[(ge of destr)18(oying all of the tr)17(ees in the park. the dif)18(ficulties involved in)]tj
-2.8906 -1.3 td
-0.013 tc
0.007 tw
[(finding a solution to this pr)17(oblem became clear to douglas-hamilton at his)]tj
t*
-0.024 tc
-0.001 tw
(first meeting with the scientists of the ser)tj
17.13951 0.00001 td
(engeti resear)tj
5.58029 0.00001 td
(ch institute. he writes: )tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
9 0 0 9 91 77.2709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.003 tw
(the scientists all felt that the r)tj
13.20712 0.00001 td
0 tw
(esear)tj
2.2583 0.00001 td
0.003 tw
(ch or)tj
2.20143 0.00001 td
(ganization should not advise on)tj
-17.6669 -1.1667 td
-0.013 tc
0 tw
(policy)tj
2.5401 0 td
(,)tj
0.4744 0 td
(but should only suggest management techniques once a policy had)tj
et
1 w 
0 0 0 1 k
72 53.842 m
396 53.842 l
s
0 0 0 0 k
72 38.902 324 11.8581 re
f
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f3 1 tf
8.5 0 0 8.5 72 44.6589 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(116)tj
29.884 0.00001 td
(eug)tj
1.89843 0.00001 td
(ene har)tj
3.65234 0.00001 td
(gr)tj
0.97999 0.00001 td
(o)tj
0.59106 0.00001 td
(ve)tj
et
q

endstream
endobj
7 0 obj
<<
/length 6124
>>
stream
/gs0 gs
1 g
0 648 0 0 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
0 0 0 0 k
36 63 324 531 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
9 0 0 9 55 586.4038 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.003 tc
-0.01 tw
[(been decided upon by the national parks. they pr)17(eferr)18(ed to r)17(estrict their)]tj
0 -1.16667 td
0 tc
0.125 tw
[(r)18(ole to pr)17(edictions of tr)18(ends under whatever management option was)]tj
t*
-0.023 tc
0.01 tw
(chosen. this was an example of scientists not wanting to abandon their tidy)tj
t*
-0.001 tc
-0.012 tw
[(objective world wher)18(e all that matter)17(ed was facts and how they could be)]tj
t*
0.02 tc
0.127 tw
[(interpr)17(eted as tr)18(ends, or paths of causation, or interacting systems.)]tj
t*
-0.007 tc
-0.006 tw
[(scientifically ther)17(e was no objective r)18(eason either for or against the shoot-)]tj
t*
0 tc
0 tw
[(ing of the elephants that wer)17(e doing the damage.)]tj
2 -1.16667 td
-0.004 tc
-0.009 tw
[(her)17(e was an issue that could only be decided in r)19(elation to aesthetic,)]tj
-2 -1.16667 td
0.002 tc
0.123 tw
[(economic, or political considerations, in ecological terms the ser)19(onera)]tj
t*
-0.017 tc
0.004 tw
[(tr)17(ee damage was insignificant. the very desir)18(e to pr)18(eserve the animals was)]tj
-0.0118 tc
(a)'
0.72559 0 td
-0.012 tc
-0.001 tw
(subjective statement of faith in the animal\325s intrinsic worth. it was a feel-)tj
-0.72559 -1.16667 td
0 tw
[(ing possessed by most of the scientists ther)18(e, who r)18(egar)17(ded the wildebeest)]tj
t*
0 tc
-0.006 tw
(migration with the same awe that others feel for the mona lisa, but they)tj
t*
0.001 tc
0.124 tw
[(would not admit this statement into their ar)17(guments because it could)]tj
t*
-0.007 tc
-0.005 tw
[(not be backed up by facts; the right and wr)17(ong of aesthetics being impon)-1(-)]tj
t*
-0.019 tc
0.007 tw
[(derables not open to scientific analysis. )37(at the end of the meeting ther)17(e was)]tj
-0.0088 tc
(a)'
0.72857 0 td
-0.009 tc
-0.004 tw
[(consensus of opinion on only one fact, that ther)18(e was an ur)18(gent need for)]tj
-0.72857 -1.16667 td
0 tc
0 tw
[(r)18(esear)18(ch befor)17(e taking any hasty action. (p. 77))]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 37 381.9038 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.024 tc
0.012 tw
[(douglas-hamilton eventually did come up with some \322value-fr)19(ee\323 )-1(facts that)]tj
0 -1.3 td
0.015 tc
0.11 tw
(justified pr)tj
5.10878 0 td
(otecting the elephants. he undertook a study of the fossil)tj
-5.10878 -1.3 td
0 tc
(r)tj
0.37865 0 td
0.002 tc
0.123 tw
(emains of pr)tj
5.78134 0 td
(evious acacia tr)tj
7.06204 0 td
0.001 tc
(ee for)tj
2.5966 0 td
0.002 tc
(ests and concluded first, that it was)tj
-15.81863 -1.30001 td
-0.014 tc
0.002 tw
[(natural for the elephants to destr)17(oy the tr)17(ees and second, that somehow the)]tj
0 -1.3 td
0 tc
-0.004 tw
[(tr)17(ee always came back cyclically)111(. this conclusion, pr)19(esented as a fact, sat-)]tj
t*
-0.003 tc
-0.009 tw
[(isfied his fellow scientists because they now had an appr)18(opriate scientific,)]tj
t*
-0.023 tc
0.01 tw
[(factual r)18(eason not to shoot the elephants. it was only at this point, with a fac)-1(-)]tj
t*
-0.019 tc
0.007 tw
(tual justification put in place, that value considerations, in this case aesthetic)tj
t*
0 tc
-0.001 tw
(value, could be consider)tj
10.71298 0 td
(ed. t)tj
2.10965 0 td
-0.0001 tc
(o)tj
0.79477 0 td
0 tc
(take into account the aesthetic pr)tj
14.50839 0 td
0 tw
(efer)tj
1.66724 0 td
(ences)tj
-29.79303 -1.30002 td
-0.007 tc
-0.005 tw
[(of tourists in the park, a nearby for)17(est was pur)18(chased so that the elephants)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.014 tc
0.001 tw
[(could spr)18(ead their damage mor)18(e thinly over a lar)17(ger ar)18(ea. in addition, tr)18(ees)]tj
t*
-0.012 tc
0 tw
(popular with tourists, in which cheetahs lay during the day)tj
25.42154 0 td
-0.0124 tc
(,)tj
0.47499 0 td
-0.012 tc
(wer)tj
1.65314 0 td
-0.0124 tc
(e)tj
0.70393 0 td
-0.012 tc
(wrapped)tj
-28.2536 -1.3 td
0 tc
(in chicken wir)tj
6.25098 0 td
-0.0002 tc
(e)tj
0.72867 0 td
0 tc
(to pr)tj
2.0997 0 td
(otect them fr)tj
5.59936 0 td
(om the elephants.)tj
-12.87871 -1.30001 td
-0.014 tc
0.001 tw
(this example is characteristic of the way in which value considerations)tj
-1.8 -1.3 td
0.004 tc
0.121 tw
[(ar)18(e of)17(ficially avoided altogether)74(. )37(an unstated value pr)18(efer)17(ence for one)]tj
t*
-0.001 tc
-0.012 tw
[(element of a system over another \(for example, a pr)18(efer)17(ence for elephants)]tj
t*
0.014 tc
0.111 tw
(over tr)tj
3.14552 0 td
[(ees\) triggers a sear)18(ch for a scientific rationale in the form of a)]tj
-3.14552 -1.3 td
-0.007 tc
-0.006 tw
(hypothesis or some quantifiable test r)tj
16.28777 0 td
(esults that can then be substituted as)tj
-16.28777 -1.3 td
-0.022 tc
0.01 tw
[(the r)17(eason for the decision, avoiding any char)19(ge of subjectivity or bias. v)91(alue)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.024 tw
(considerations ar)tj
7.58995 0.00001 td
-0.0002 tc
(e)tj
0.75286 0 td
0 tc
(then publicly intr)tj
7.72108 0.00001 td
[(oduced, if they ar)18(e intr)17(oduced at all,)]tj
-16.06389 -1.30001 td
-0.006 tc
-0.007 tw
(only in taking into account the arbitrary)tj
17.26531 0.00001 td
-0.0056 tc
(,)tj
0.4818 0 td
-0.006 tc
(subjective, emotional pr)tj
10.42213 0.00001 td
0 tw
(efer)tj
1.64542 0.00001 td
(ences)tj
-29.8147 -1.3 td
0 tc
0.034 tw
[(of citizens (for example, those of the tourists in manyara), which ar)18(e tol-)]tj
t*
0.006 tw
(erated if attending to them is easy and makes no dif)tj
22.91312 0.00001 td
0 tw
(fer)tj
1.18847 0.00001 td
0.006 tw
(ence \(for example,)tj
-24.1016 -1.3 td
-0.014 tc
0.002 tw
[(putting chicken wir)17(e on a few tr)18(ees\). this substitution of \322facts\323 for the val-)]tj
t*
-0.011 tc
-0.002 tw
[(ues that actually determine a decision or policy)111(, however)74(, is not without its)]tj
et
1 w 
0 0 0 1 k
36 53.86 m
360 53.86 l
s
0 0 0 0 k
36 38.9391 324 11.858 re
f
36 38.91 324 11.858 re
f
36 38.902 324 11.8581 re
f
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f3 1 tf
8.5 0 0 8.5 36 44.6589 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(t)tj
0.531 0 td
(o)tj
0.596 0 td
(war)tj
1.7029 0 td
-0.0003 tc
(d)tj
0.7888 0 td
0 tc
(t)tj
0.551 0 td
[(eac)10(hing en)39(vir)20(onmental ethics)-18072(117)]tj
et
q

endstream
endobj
8 0 obj
<<
/length 6016
>>
stream
/gs0 gs
1 g
0 648 0 0 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
0 0 0 0 k
72 63 324 531 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 73 585.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.019 tc
0.006 tw
[(costs and perils. in or)19(der to appear \322value-fr)17(ee,\323 decision-makers distort the)]tj
0 -1.30001 td
-0.022 tc
0.009 tw
[(decision-making pr)18(ocess and in doing so make meaningful debate about the)]tj
0 -1.3 td
0 tc
-0.012 tw
[(decision impossible by hiding the key value considerations behind irr)18(ele-)]tj
0 -1.30001 td
0.111 tw
[(vant facts and hypotheses. if the r)18(eason for pr)18(otecting the elephants in)]tj
t*
-0.006 tc
-0.007 tw
[(manyara is their intrinsic value, then it should be debated. )36(a)-182(debate about)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.014 tc
0.001 tw
[(an arbitrarily intr)17(oduced hypothesis about the cyclic destr)8(uction of tr)17(ees by)]tj
t*
0.003 tc
0.122 tw
[(elephants is no debate at all. the r)17(esult is policy and decision-making)]tj
t*
-0.008 tc
-0.005 tw
[(governed by value considerations that ar)18(e never publicly admitted or sub)-1(-)]tj
t*
0 tc
0 tw
(jected to critical examination. )tj
1.8 -1.3 td
-0.012 tw
[(t)92(o be sur)18(e, values ar)18(e fr)17(equently intr)17(oduced into the debate by hiring)]tj
-1.8 -1.3 td
-0.015 tc
-0.005 tw
[(a)-7(n)-7( )-7(e)-7(n)-7(v)-7(i)-7(r)11(o)-8(n)-8(m)-8(ental economist to do a cost-benefit analysis based on a survey)]tj
t*
-0.016 tc
-0.004 tw
[(of consumer pr)18(efer)18(ences with r)17(egar)18(d to how much you ar)18(e willing to pay to)]tj
t*
-0.027 tc
0.007 tw
[(keep elephants or wolves and other such cr)18(eatur)17(es alive. these economic val)1(-)]tj
t*
-0.008 tc
0.014 tw
(ues ar)tj
2.60084 0 td
-0.0076 tc
(e)tj
0.72725 0 td
-0.008 tc
[(consider)18(ed to be objective, rather than subjective, because they ar)17(e)]tj
-3.32809 -1.3 td
-0.024 tc
0.004 tw
[(quantified. nevertheless, they almost never cover the entir)17(e value dimension)]tj
t*
-0.031 tc
0.011 tw
[(of an envir)18(onmental pr)17(oblem, since many values do not convert well into eco)1(-)]tj
t*
0.012 tc
0.126 tw
(nomic terms. for example, the intrinsic value of elephants and other)tj
t*
-0.026 tc
0.006 tw
[(cr)18(eatur)17(es usually ar)18(e not taken into account when doing cost-benefit surveys.)]tj
t*
-0.008 tc
-0.005 tw
[(w)7(h)7(e)7(n)7( )7(a)7(n)7( )7(e)7(f)25(f)7(o)7(r)7(t)7( )7(i)7(s)7( )7(m)7(a)7(de to do so, the r)18(esult is fr)18(equently counterintuitive to)]tj
t*
0 tc
0 tw
[(those filling out the survey forms. )37(as holmes rolston, iii (1985) puts it:)]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
9 0 0 9 91 315.1709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.012 tc
(the r)tj
2.23881 0 td
(espondent has no idea how to do any calculations; yet on the basis of)tj
-2.23881 -1.16667 td
-0.004 tc
-0.008 tw
[(his guesstimates, economists do metric calculations, overly r)19(efining what)]tj
t*
0.008 tc
0 tw
(ar)tj
0.89246 0 td
0.0075 tc
(e)tj
0.86127 0 td
(r)tj
0.38495 0 td
0.008 tc
0.117 tw
[(eally raw data. )37(all this number cr)7(unching cr)18(eates the illusion of)]tj
-2.13867 -1.16667 td
-0.014 tc
0.001 tw
(mathematical exactitude covering up what wer)tj
20.22111 0 td
(e, to begin with, if)tj
7.67949 0 td
(fy r)tj
1.46198 0 td
0 tw
(eplies)tj
-29.36258 -1.16668 td
0 tc
(in a cramped hypothetical context. (p. 37) )tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 91 249.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(t)tj
0.50037 0 td
-0.0208 tc
(o)tj
0.76259 0 td
-0.021 tc
0.008 tw
(counter the confusion pr)tj
10.36702 0 td
(oduced by this kind of economic evaluation,)tj
-13.42998 -1.30001 td
0 tc
-0.01 tw
[(envir)18(onmental pr)17(ofessionals and concerned citizens need to expr)19(ess their)]tj
0 -1.3 td
0.086 tw
[(envir)18(onmental values for)18(cefully in other ways. unfortunately)110(, however)74(,)]tj
t*
-0.005 tc
-0.008 tw
(because most have come to think of values as subjective, biased, irrational)tj
t*
0.001 tc
0 tw
(expr)tj
1.97754 0 td
0.124 tw
(essions of emotion, they ar)tj
12.29803 0 td
0.0011 tc
(e)tj
0.85489 0 td
0.001 tc
[(incr)18(easingly r)17(eluctant to talk in value)]tj
-15.13046 -1.3 td
0 tc
-0.012 tw
(terms at all. pr)tj
6.35804 0 td
(esentations about rain for)tj
11.22157 0 td
(est pr)tj
2.44421 0 td
(eservation, for example, ar)tj
11.6974 0 td
(e)tj
-31.72122 -1.30001 td
-0.018 tc
0.006 tw
(almost inevitably filled with beautiful pictur)tj
18.78848 0 td
[(es. )18(y)92(et, when the speakers pr)17(es-)]tj
-18.78848 -1.3 td
-0.019 tc
0.007 tw
(ent r)tj
1.92417 0 td
[(easons for pr)18(eserving rain for)18(ests, the aesthetic value, the beauty of rain)]tj
-1.92417 -1.3 td
-0.022 tc
0 tw
(for)tj
1.19162 0.00001 td
-0.021 tc
0.009 tw
(ests, is left unmentioned in favor of the claim that something as yet unno)tj
30.6754 0.00001 td
0 tc
(-)tj
-31.86702 -1.30001 td
-0.018 tc
0.006 tw
[(ticed in those systems might be a cur)18(e for cancer \(or)74(, in a mor)18(e sophisticated)]tj
t*
-0.014 tc
0.001 tw
(version of this ar)tj
7.16714 0.00001 td
0 tw
(gument, )tj
3.78339 0.00001 td
0.001 tw
(aids\). they pr)tj
6.51513 0.00001 td
(esent possible instr)tj
8.13614 0.00001 td
(umental values )tj
-25.6018 -1.3 td
-0.0001 tc
(in)tj
1.1238 0 td
0 tc
(place of the intrinsic values that, in most cases, actually motivate them)tj
-1.1238 -1.3 td
0 tw
(to be concerned about such ecosystems. )tj
1.8 -1.3 td
-0.017 tc
0.005 tw
[(the r)18(eluctance of envir)18(onmentally concerned pr)17(ofessionals and citizens)]tj
-1.8 -1.3 td
-0.006 tc
-0.007 tw
[(to use the wor)18(d )]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 143.1121 67.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.006 tc
-0.007 tw
(intrinsic value)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 203.3379 67.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.006 tc
-0.007 tw
[(is especially pr)18(oblematic because they ar)17(e at)]tj
et
1 w 
0 0 0 1 k
72 53.842 m
396 53.842 l
s
0 0 0 0 k
72 38.921 324 11.857 re
f
72 38.902 324 11.8581 re
f
72 38.902 324 11.8581 re
f
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f3 1 tf
8.5 0 0 8.5 72 44.6589 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(118)tj
29.884 0.00001 td
(eug)tj
1.89843 0.00001 td
(ene har)tj
3.65234 0.00001 td
(gr)tj
0.97999 0.00001 td
(o)tj
0.59106 0.00001 td
(ve)tj
et
q

endstream
endobj
9 0 obj
<<
/length 5810
>>
stream
/gs0 gs
1 g
0 648 0 0 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
0 0 0 0 k
36 63 324 531 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 37 585.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.017 tc
0.005 tw
[(the same time mor)18(e)1( )1(t)1(h)1(a)1(n)1( )1(w)1(i)1(l)1(l)1(i)1(n)1(g)1( )1(t)1(o)1( )1(s)1(p)1(e)1(a)1(k)1( )1(e)1(l)1(o)1(q)1(u)1(e)1(n)1(t)1(l)1(y)111(, but vaguely)109(, about the)]tj
0 -1.30001 td
-0.008 tc
0.059 tw
[(s)-8(o)-8(-)-8(c)-8(a)-8(l)-8(led \322rights\323 of natur)18(e\321a form of intrinsic value, which, after much)]tj
0 -1.3 td
0.121 tw
[(debate, is now consider)18(ed theor)18(etically unsupportable in technical envi)-1(-)]tj
0 -1.30001 td
-0.004 tc
[(r)17(onmental ethics literatur)18(e. concluding that such \322rights\323 talk is a sign)]tj
t*
-0.014 tc
-0.006 tw
[(t)1(h)1(a)1(t)1( )1(e)1(n)1(v)1(i)1(r)18(onmentalists ar)18(e attempting to find a way to value natur)17(e or parts)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.031 tc
0.011 tw
[(of natur)18(e for its own sake, envir)17(onmental ethicists have expended much ef)19(fort)]tj
t*
-0.008 tc
0.012 tw
[(in developing an appr)17(opriate theory of intrinsic value. this ef)18(fort, howev-)]tj
t*
-0.027 tc
0.007 tw
[(er)73(, has been met with curious r)18(eluctance to use the wor)18(d. both envir)18(onmental)]tj
t*
-0.026 tc
0.006 tw
[(pr)17(ofessionals and or)19(dinary citizens seem to want to value natur)17(e intrinsically)111(,)]tj
t*
-0.004 tc
0.121 tw
[(but ar)17(e no longer willing to say so, since the traditional vocabulary for)]tj
t*
-0.001 tc
0.119 tw
[(e)1(x)1(p)1(r)18(essing this type of valuing is now consider)18(ed quaint and)1( old-fash-)]tj
t*
-0.008 tc
0 tw
[(ioned and is on the ver)18(ge of disappearing fr)18(om or)18(dinary language.)]tj
1.8 -1.3 td
0 tc
0.114 tw
[(in geor)18(ge orwell\325s )]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 144.8789 429.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.114 tw
(nineteen eighty-four)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 238.8257 429.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.114 tw
[((1963) the totalitarian gov)-1(-)]tj
-20.18257 -1.3 td
-0.01 tc
-0.003 tw
(ernment of big br)tj
7.62158 0 td
(other was trying to develop a simplified language, called)tj
-7.62158 -1.3 td
(\322newspeak,\323 in which a wide range of ethical and political concepts could)tj
t*
0 tc
0.058 tw
[(not be expr)17(essed, so as to make it impossible for people to think certain)]tj
t*
0.005 tc
0.12 tw
[(kinds of thoughts. the situation that most envir)17(onmentally concerned)]tj
t*
-0.016 tc
0.003 tw
(people find themselves in today is very similar to the state of linguistic dys-)tj
t*
0 tc
-0.004 tw
[(function that big br)17(other was trying to achieve. in the book, the pr)17(oject is)]tj
t*
-0.018 tc
0.006 tw
(enthusiastically described by syme, a philologist working on the newspeak)tj
t*
0 tc
0 tw
(dictionary:)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
9 0 0 9 55 302.1709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.001 tc
-0.011 tw
[(w)92(e\325r)18(e getting the language into final shape. . . . )16(y)92(ou think, i dar)17(e say)111(, that)]tj
0 -1.16667 td
0.004 tc
0.121 tw
[(our chief job is inventing new wor)18(ds. but not a bit! w)91(e\325r)18(e destr)18(oying)]tj
t*
-0.022 tc
0.009 tw
[(wor)18(ds\321scor)18(es of them , hundr)18(eds of them every day)111(. w)92(e\325r)18(e cutting the lan)-1(-)]tj
t*
0 tc
0 tw
(guage down to the bone. . . . (p. 23-24))tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 37 247.1709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(using value language explicitly as an example, syme continues:)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
9 0 0 9 55 223.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.016 tc
0.003 tw
[(it\325s a beautiful thing, the destr)7(uction of wor)18(ds. of course the gr)18(eat wastage)]tj
0 -1.16667 td
-0.022 tc
0.009 tw
(is in the verbs and the adjectives, but ther)tj
17.42642 0 td
-0.0221 tc
(e)tj
0.69427 0 td
-0.022 tc
[(ar)18(e hundr)17(eds of nouns that have)]tj
-18.1207 -1.16667 td
0 tc
0.027 tw
(to be gotten rid of as well. it isn\325t only synonyms. )tj
22.31007 0 td
(after all, what justifi)tj
9.215 0 td
(-)tj
-31.52507 -1.16667 td
-0.022 tc
0.009 tw
[(cation is ther)18(e for a wor)18(d which is simply the opposite of some other wor)18(d?)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.015 tw
[(a)-210(wor)18(d contains its opposite in its self. t)92(ake \322good,\323 for instance. if you)]tj
t*
0.003 tc
0.122 tw
(have a wor)tj
5.15516 0 td
0.0027 tc
(d)tj
0.98862 0 td
0.003 tc
[(like \322good,\323 what need is ther)18(e for a wor)18(d like \322bad\323?\323)]tj
-6.14378 -1.16667 td
-0.013 tc
0.001 tw
[(ungood\323 will do just as well\321better)74(, because it\325s an exact opposite, which)]tj
t*
-0.002 tc
-0.01 tw
(the other is not. or again, if you want a str)tj
18.4904 0.00001 td
(onger version of \322good,\323 what)tj
-18.4904 -1.16667 td
-0.008 tc
-0.005 tw
(sense is ther)tj
5.25389 0 td
-0.0079 tc
(e)tj
0.70844 0 td
-0.008 tc
(in having a whole string of vague useless wor)tj
19.82276 0 td
(ds like \322excel-)tj
-25.78509 -1.16668 td
0.003 tc
0.121 tw
[(lent\323 and \322splendid\323 and all the r)18(est of them? \322plusgood\323 covers the)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.042 tw
(meaning, or \322doubleplusgood\323 if you want something str)tj
25.72671 0.00001 td
(onger still. of)tj
-25.7267 -1.1667 td
0.013 tw
[(course we use those forms alr)19(eady)110(, but in the final version of newspeak)]tj
t*
0.002 tc
0.123 tw
[(ther)17(e\325ll be nothing else. in the end the whole notion of goodness and)]tj
t*
0 tc
0 tw
(badness will be cover)tj
9.47046 0.00001 td
(ed by only six wor)tj
8.16016 0.00001 td
[(ds\321in r)18(eality)110(, only one. (p. 24))]tj
et
1 w 
0 0 0 1 k
36 53.86 m
360 53.86 l
s
0 0 0 0 k
36 38.9391 324 11.858 re
f
36 38.91 324 11.858 re
f
36 38.902 324 11.8581 re
f
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f3 1 tf
8.5 0 0 8.5 36 44.6589 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(t)tj
0.531 0 td
(o)tj
0.596 0 td
(war)tj
1.7029 0 td
-0.0003 tc
(d)tj
0.7888 0 td
0 tc
(t)tj
0.551 0 td
[(eac)10(hing en)39(vir)20(onmental ethics)-18072(119)]tj
et
q

endstream
endobj
10 0 obj
<<
/length 5591
>>
stream
/gs0 gs
1 g
0 648 0 0 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
0 0 0 0 k
72 63 324 531 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 91 585.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.125 tw
(in the appendix on newspeak, orwell (1963), speaking as himself,)tj
-1.8 -1.30001 td
0 tw
(notes further that:)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
9 0 0 9 91 549.171 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.029 tw
[(its vocabulary was so constr)8(ucted as to give exact and often very subtle)]tj
0 -1.16667 td
-0.006 tc
-0.007 tw
[(expr)17(ession to every meaning that a party member could pr)18(operly wish to)]tj
t*
-0.025 tc
0.012 tw
[(expr)17(ess, while excluding all other meanings and also the possibility of arriv-)]tj
t*
-0.009 tc
-0.003 tw
[(ing at them by indir)17(ect methods. this was done partly by the invention of)]tj
t*
-0.016 tc
0.003 tw
[(new wor)18(ds, but chiefly by eliminating undesirable wor)17(ds and by stripping)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.004 tw
[(such wor)18(ds as r)18(emained of unorthodox meanings, and so far as possible)]tj
t*
-0.006 tc
-0.007 tw
[(of all secondary meanings whatever)74(. t)92(o give a simple example. the wor)18(d)]tj
t*
-0.014 tc
0.001 tw
[(fr)17(ee still existed in newspeak, but it could only be used in such statements)]tj
t*
0 tc
-0.005 tw
[(as \322this dog is fr)18(ee fr)18(om lice\323 or \322this field is fr)19(ee fr)17(om weeds.\323 it could)]tj
t*
-0.02 tc
0.008 tw
[(not be used in its old sense of \322politically fr)18(ee\323 or \322intellectually fr)17(ee,\323 since)]tj
t*
-0.005 tc
-0.008 tw
[(political and intellectual fr)17(eedom no longer existed even as concepts, and)]tj
t*
-0.012 tc
-0.001 tw
[(wer)18(e ther)17(efor)18(e of necessity nameless. . . . newspeak was designated not to)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.015 tw
[(extend but to diminish the range of thought, and this purpose was indi)-1(-)]tj
t*
-0.015 tc
0.002 tw
[(r)18(ectly assisted by cutting the choice of wor)17(ds down to a minimum. (p. 132))]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 73 389.1709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.006 tc
0.119 tw
[(accor)18(ding to orwell (1963), if someone had tried to translate thomas)]tj
0 -1.3 td
0 tc
0.003 tw
[(jef)17(ferson\325s \322declaration of independence\323 into newspeak, it would have)]tj
t*
0 tw
(been impossible to do so )tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
9 0 0 9 91 340.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.001 tc
-0.012 tw
[(while keeping to the sense of the original. the near)17(e)-1(s)-1(t)-1( )-1(o)-1(n)-1(e)-1( )-1(c)-1(o)-1(u)-1(l)-1(d)-1( )-1(c)-1(o)-1(m)-1(e)-1( )-1(t)-1(o)]tj
0 -1.16667 td
0 tc
0.06 tw
(doing so would be to swallow the whole passage up in the singe wor)tj
31.24697 0 td
(d)tj
-31.24697 -1.16667 td
0 tw
(crimethink. )tj
5.41588 0 td
(a)tj
1.09795 0 td
0.125 tw
(full translation could only be an ideological translation,)tj
-6.51383 -1.16667 td
-0.015 tc
0.003 tw
[(w)1(h)1(e)1(r)19(e)1(b)1(y)1( )1(j)1(e)1(f)18(ferson\325s wor)18(ds would be changed into a panegyric on absolute)]tj
t*
0 tc
0 tw
(government (p. 137).)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 91 275.1709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.017 tc
0.005 tw
[(although the curr)17(ent confusion among policy-makers and or)19(dinary cit-)]tj
-1.8 -1.3 td
0.02 tc
0.114 tw
[(izens about values is not the r)18(esult of a conscious pr)18(oject to r)18(ewrite)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.003 tw
(language, a pr)tj
6.30061 0 td
(oject comparable to newspeak was unintentionally under-)tj
-6.30061 -1.3 td
0.064 tw
(taken by a gr)tj
5.92464 0 td
(oup of philosophers in the late 19th century)tj
19.61763 0 td
-0.0002 tc
(,)tj
0.56313 0 td
0 tc
(the utilitarian)tj
-26.1054 -1.30001 td
-0.017 tc
0.005 tw
[(ethicists, and br)18(ought to fr)7(uition by two other gr)17(oups of philosophers in the)]tj
0 -1.3 td
0 tc
0.008 tw
[(early 20th century: the pragmatists and the logical positivists. the gener)-1(-)]tj
t*
-0.01 tw
(al public is for the most part not familiar with the philosophical positions)tj
t*
0.041 tw
(involved. nevertheless, these positions have trickled down out of philo)tj
31.86725 0 td
(-)tj
-31.86725 -1.3 td
0.02 tc
0.256 tw
(sophical literatur)tj
8.13018 0 td
0.0199 tc
(e)tj
1.02459 0 td
0.02 tc
(and now form the basis of a disturbingly new)tj
-9.15477 -1.3 td
0 tc
-0.009 tw
(worldview: modern economics. this development is disturbing pr)tj
29.23736 0 td
0 tw
(ecisely)tj
-29.23736 -1.3 td
-0.005 tc
-0.008 tw
[(because those who now see the world in this way ar)18(e not awar)18(e that it is a)]tj
t*
0.004 tc
0.121 tw
(philosophical perspective. rather they believe that they ar)tj
26.73819 0.00001 td
0.0039 tc
(e)tj
0.8577 0 td
0.004 tc
(seeing the)tj
-27.5959 -1.3 td
0 tc
0 tw
[(world in an aphilosophical, value-fr)18(ee factual manner)74(.)]tj
1.8 -1.3 td
-0.02 tc
0.007 tw
(the first of these positions, utilitarianism, is based on the idea that good)tj
-1.8 -1.3 td
0 tc
0.012 tw
[(can and should be defined as pleasur)19(e. the utilitarians, in endorsing this)]tj
t*
-0.004 tc
-0.009 tw
[(definition, turned ethical theory on its head by for)17(getting )36(aristotle\325s (n.d.))]tj
t*
0 tc
0.018 tw
[(warning, made r)18(epeatedly in his )]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 219.6679 67.1709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.018 tw
(nicomachean ethics)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 301.7573 67.1709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.0001 tc
(,)tj
0.51756 0 td
0 tc
0.018 tw
(that good cannot be)tj
et
1 w 
0 0 0 1 k
72 53.842 m
396 53.842 l
s
0 0 0 0 k
72 38.921 324 11.857 re
f
72 38.91 324 11.858 re
f
72 38.902 324 11.8581 re
f
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f3 1 tf
8.5 0 0 8.5 72 44.6589 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(120)tj
29.884 0.00001 td
(eug)tj
1.89843 0.00001 td
(ene har)tj
3.65234 0.00001 td
(gr)tj
0.97999 0.00001 td
(o)tj
0.59106 0.00001 td
(ve)tj
et
q

endstream
endobj
11 0 obj
<<
/length 5400
>>
stream
/gs0 gs
1 g
0 648 0 0 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
0 0 0 0 k
36 63 324 531 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 37 585.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.01 tc
-0.003 tw
[(defined as pleasur)18(e because it is obvious that people fr)17(equently take pleas-)]tj
0 -1.30001 td
0 tc
0.08 tw
[(ur)17(e in bad things. this new definition, as it has trickled down, r)18(eplaces)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.004 tc
-0.009 tw
[(societal standar)18(ds of good or bad with arbitrary individual standar)18(ds that)]tj
0 -1.30001 td
-0.003 tc
-0.01 tw
[(can change dramatically)111(, depending r)18(elativistically on how someone hap-)]tj
t*
0 tc
0 tw
[(pens to feel at a given moment\321just as )37(aristotle pr)18(edicted. )]tj
1.8 -1.3 td
-0.008 tc
-0.004 tw
[(the second position, )38(american pragmatism, as it has trickled down, is)]tj
-1.8 -1.3 td
-0.025 tc
0.012 tw
[(the sour)18(ce of the discomfort that most people today feel about intrinsic value)]tj
t*
0.01 tc
0.115 tw
[(t)1(e)1(r)1(m)1(i)1(n)1(o)1(l)1(o)1(g)1(y)111(. the pragmatists wer)18(e)1( )1(i)1(n)1(s)1(t)1(r)9(umentalists and focused their)]tj
t*
0.02 tc
0.107 tw
[(attention on use, instr)7(umental value. )37(although pragmatists in many)]tj
t*
-0.012 tc
-0.001 tw
[(r)18(espects have made an important contribution to the history of philosophy)110(,)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.055 tw
[(they became obsessively concerned with r)18(efuting a particular version of)]tj
t*
0.003 tc
0.121 tw
[(intrinsic value, specifically the view of g. e. moor)18(e (1903) in his book)]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 37 429.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.036 tw
(principia ethica)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 102.9843 429.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.0002 tc
(,)tj
0.53585 0 td
0 tc
0.036 tw
[(which they then pr)17(esented as a r)18(efutation of all forms of)]tj
-7.13428 -1.3 td
-0.016 tc
0.004 tw
(intrinsic value. \(for an example of the pragmatist\325s attack continued in con)tj
31.86721 0 td
0 tc
(-)tj
-31.86721 -1.3 td
-0.015 tc
0.002 tw
[(temporary envir)17(onmental ethics literatur)18(e, see norton, 1984, p. 131-148 and)]tj
t*
-0.012 tc
-0.001 tw
[(norton, 1988\). moor)18(e conceived of intrinsic value as something that would)]tj
t*
0.012 tc
0.113 tw
[(be valuable, independent of all r)17(elationships with other things in the)]tj
t*
-0.007 tc
-0.006 tw
[(world. the pragmatists ar)18(gued, per)18(haps rightly)110(, against such a conception)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.079 tw
[(on epistemological gr)18(ounds. ther)18(e is, nevertheless, a mor)18(e general con-)]tj
t*
0.099 tw
[(ception of intrinsic value, accor)18(ding to which something is intrinsically)]tj
t*
-0.023 tc
0.01 tw
(valuable if it is judged to be good for its own sake and is ther)tj
25.60112 0 td
0 tw
(efor)tj
1.6448 0 td
-0.0225 tc
(e)tj
0.69387 0 td
-0.023 tc
(conceived)tj
-27.93979 -1.30001 td
0.008 tc
0.117 tw
[(of as an end, not mer)18(ely as a means to an end. the pragmatists have)]tj
0 -1.3 td
0.005 tc
0.12 tw
[(ar)18(gued that ther)17(e is no need for such intrinsic value because they can)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.008 tw
[(account for everything in terms of instr)8(umental value. the issue, howev-)]tj
t*
-0.004 tw
[(er)73(, is not simply whether they can do so, but rather it is appr)17(opriate to do)]tj
t*
-0.002 tc
-0.01 tw
[(so. the instr)8(umental appr)18(oach of pragmatism got its start in envir)17(onmen-)]tj
t*
-0.005 tc
-0.008 tw
(tal policy-making, thr)tj
9.45424 0 td
(ough the influence of gif)tj
10.84709 0 td
0 tw
(for)tj
1.2406 0 td
-0.0051 tc
(d)tj
0.84324 0 td
-0.005 tc
-0.008 tw
(pinchott who founded)tj
-22.38518 -1.30001 td
-0.007 tc
-0.006 tw
(the u.s. for)tj
5.07323 0 td
(est service during the time of t)tj
13.45023 0 td
(eddy roosevelt, upon a narr)tj
12.30353 0 td
0 tw
(ow)tj
-30.82699 -1.30001 td
-0.016 tc
0.003 tw
(conception of use, which has been only slightly expanded into a conception)tj
0 -1.3 td
0 tc
0.06 tw
[(of multiple use today)111(. it is this narr)17(ow conception of all value as instr)9(u-)]tj
t*
-0.002 tw
(mental value that led )tj
9.56569 0 td
(aldo leopold, an employee of the for)tj
16.56105 0 td
(est service for)tj
-26.12674 -1.30001 td
0.003 tc
0.122 tw
[(much of his car)18(eer)74(, to call for a biotic right to exist for natur)17(e in \322the)]tj
0 -1.3 td
0 tc
0 tw
(land ethic\323 (leopold, 1949).)tj
1.8 -1.3 td
0.081 tw
[(the dangers involved in valuing natur)18(e in exclusively instr)7(umental)]tj
-1.8 -1.3 td
-0.003 tc
-0.01 tw
[(terms become appar)18(ent whenever park managers find that incr)17(eased traf-)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.077 tw
[(fic is damaging the natural featur)17(es that they ar)17(e supposed to pr)18(eserve.)]tj
t*
-0.012 tc
-0.001 tw
(believing that the (aesthetic) value of these objects is their use, they usually)tj
t*
(try to incr)tj
4.2094 0 td
[(ease the value of their parks by incr)17(easing the number of visitors.)]tj
-4.2094 -1.3 td
-0.025 tc
0.012 tw
(these tourists \322use\323 the aesthetic objects of the parks by exposing their sense)tj
t*
0 tc
0.025 tw
[(or)18(gans to them, instr)7(umentally triggering feelings of pleasur)17(e, which ar)18(e)]tj
et
1 w 
0 0 0 1 k
36 53.86 m
360 53.86 l
s
0 0 0 0 k
36 38.9391 324 11.858 re
f
36 38.91 324 11.858 re
f
36 38.902 324 11.8581 re
f
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f3 1 tf
8.5 0 0 8.5 36 44.6589 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(t)tj
0.531 0 td
(o)tj
0.596 0 td
(war)tj
1.7029 0 td
-0.0003 tc
(d)tj
0.7888 0 td
0 tc
(t)tj
0.551 0 td
[(eac)10(hing en)39(vir)20(onmental ethics)-18072(121)]tj
et
q

endstream
endobj
12 0 obj
<<
/length 5397
>>
stream
/gs0 gs
1 g
0 648 0 0 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
0 0 0 0 k
72 63 324 531 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 73 585.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.123 tw
[(then held to be valuable for their own sake. when incr)17(eased visitation)]tj
0 -1.30001 td
0.103 tw
[(begins to damage these parks, however)74(, the managers ar)17(e faced with a)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.012 tc
0 tw
(dilemma. on the one hand, if they stop visitation, then the aesthetic objects)tj
0 -1.30001 td
-0.002 tc
-0.011 tw
(will no longer have any value, since their value is supposed to be derived)tj
t*
-0.01 tc
-0.01 tw
[(o)-7(n)-7(l)-7(y)-237(f)1(r)18(om the instr)8(umental triggering of the feelings of pleasur)16(e in visitors.)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.009 tc
-0.012 tw
[(on the other hand, if they permit visitation to continue, they ar)16(e then com-)]tj
t*
-0.003 tc
-0.01 tw
[(m)7(i)7(t)7(t)7(i)7(n)7(g)7( )7(t)7(h)7(e)7(m)6(selves to the aesthetic consumption of the principal elements)]tj
t*
-0.005 tc
-0.008 tw
[(of the parks. in art museums, wher)18(e this instr)8(umental conception of value)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.007 tw
[(has never taken hold, and art objects ar)18(e still consider)18(ed to be intrinsical-)]tj
-0.0195 tc
(ly)'
1.04528 0 td
-0.02 tc
[(valuable, objects that ar)17(e being damaged ar)18(e simply taken of)17(f display and)]tj
-1.04528 -1.3 td
0 tc
0.019 tw
[(r)18(eplaced by copies. this option, unfortunately)111(, is usually not available to)]tj
t*
-0.023 tc
0.01 tw
[(park managers, who hold that all value is instr)8(umental. )36(a)-1(s)-1( )-1(a)-1( )-1(r)18(esult, they end)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.019 tw
[(up trying to find a way to muddle thr)17(ough by limiting visitation so as to)]tj
t*
-0.003 tc
-0.009 tw
(permit as much instr)tj
9.07533 0 td
(umental value extraction as possible over the longest)tj
-9.07533 -1.3 td
-0.01 tc
-0.002 tw
[(period of time. this instr)8(umental value appr)18(oach permits them to slow the)]tj
t*
0 tc
0 tw
[(consumption of the natural featur)17(es of their parks, but does not stop it.)]tj
1.8 -1.3 td
0.102 tw
[(this narr)18(ow conception of value overlooks the fact that people fr)18(e-)]tj
-1.8 -1.3 td
-0.016 tc
0.003 tw
(quently value natural objects even when they have no expectation that they)tj
t*
0 tc
-0.005 tw
[(will ever dir)18(ectly expose their sense or)18(gans to them for an instr)7(umentally)]tj
t*
-0.011 tc
-0.002 tw
[(trigger)17(ed jolt of pleasur)18(e. for example, even though few people the united)]tj
t*
-0.017 tc
0.004 tw
(states today plan to visit the )tj
12.21131 0 td
0 tw
(ar)tj
1.12097 0 td
0.004 tw
(ctic national w)tj
6.57064 0 td
[(ildlife refuge, ther)17(e ar)18(e huge)]tj
-19.90292 -1.30001 td
0 tc
0.041 tw
[(amounts of support for pr)18(otecting it. most people ar)17(e content to value it)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.003 tc
-0.01 tw
[(thr)17(ough photographs and pictur)17(es, thr)18(ough their imagination, by r)17(eading)]tj
t*
-0.006 tc
-0.007 tw
(books about it, and by watching documentaries on public television. they)tj
t*
-0.008 tc
0.122 tw
[(d)-10(o)-10( )-10(n)-10(o)-10(t)-10( )-10(e)-10(n)-10(g)-10(a)-10(g)-10(e)-375(in these activities to get feelings of pleasur)17(e)-1(.)-1( )-1(t)-1(h)-1(e)-1(y)-1( )-1(d)-1(o)-1( )-1(s)-1(o)]tj
t*
-0.016 tc
-0.007 tw
[(because they value such places for their own sake and ar)18(e glad that they ar)17(e)]tj
t*
-0.01 tc
0.024 tw
(part of the world they live in, however far away these places may be fr)tj
30.7813 0 td
0 tw
(om)tj
-30.7813 -1.3 td
-0.035 tc
0.012 tw
(them and however unlikely it may be that they will ever personally visit them.)tj
1.8 -1.3 td
-0.022 tc
0.009 tw
[(the thir)18(d position, logical positivism, is based on the claim that only sci)1(-)]tj
-1.8 -1.3 td
-0.02 tc
0.007 tw
[(entific statements have meaning. in accor)18(dance with this view)91(,)1( )-1(r)18(eligious and)]tj
t*
-0.014 tc
0.001 tw
(ethical statements have no meaning at all because they ar)tj
24.48148 0 td
-0.0137 tc
(e)tj
0.70267 0 td
-0.014 tc
(not scientifically)tj
-25.18415 -1.3 td
-0.004 tc
-0.009 tw
[(verifiable. the positivists of the early 20th century ar)17(gued that ethical and)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.04 tw
[(r)18(eligious statements wer)18(e simply arbitrary expr)17(essions of emotion. they)]tj
t*
0.006 tc
0.119 tw
(held that meaningful discussion about values was impossible because)tj
t*
0.009 tc
0.116 tw
[(they wer)17(e simply feelings that people happened to have at particular)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.074 tw
[(moments. dif)18(fer)18(ences in value perspectives wer)18(e said to be at most dif-)]tj
t*
0.107 tw
[(fer)17(ences in upbringing. like utilitarianism befor)17(e it, positivism r)18(educes)]tj
t*
0.039 tw
(values to the arbitrary)tj
9.78664 0.00001 td
-0.0001 tc
(,)tj
0.53911 0 td
0 tc
(subjective, irrational feelings of individuals inde-)tj
-10.3257 -1.3 td
0.003 tc
0.122 tw
(pendent o)tj
4.6036 0 td
0.0004 tc
(f)tj
0.7057 0 td
0 tc
(their social context. it is the low r)tj
15.46935 0.00001 td
[(egar)17(d for value, that it is)]tj
-20.7787 -1.3 td
-0.003 tc
-0.011 tw
[(nothing but meaningless emotion, that is the basis for so-called value-f)-3(r)14(e)-3(e)]tj
et
1 w 
0 0 0 1 k
72 53.842 m
396 53.842 l
s
0 0 0 0 k
72 38.921 324 11.857 re
f
72 38.91 324 11.858 re
f
72 38.902 324 11.8581 re
f
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f3 1 tf
8.5 0 0 8.5 72 44.6589 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(122)tj
29.884 0.00001 td
(eug)tj
1.89843 0.00001 td
(ene har)tj
3.65234 0.00001 td
(gr)tj
0.97999 0.00001 td
(o)tj
0.59106 0.00001 td
(ve)tj
et
q

endstream
endobj
13 0 obj
<<
/length 5504
>>
stream
/gs0 gs
1 g
0 648 0 0 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
0 0 0 0 k
36 63 324 531 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 37 585.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.004 tw
(policy and decision-making. by defining values as feelings, value studies)tj
0 -1.30001 td
-0.001 tc
(can)tj
1.76037 0 td
-0.012 tw
(become factual studies about how people feel. counting the numbers)tj
-1.76037 -1.3 td
0 tc
0.03 tw
(of people who feel one way or the other permits quantification, which is)tj
0 -1.30001 td
-0.01 tc
-0.003 tw
[(then pr)17(esented as objective value information. this r)19(edefinition of value as)]tj
t*
-0.007 tc
-0.006 tw
(feeling is the basis for the claim that economics is scientific, rather human-)tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.001 tc
-0.011 tw
(istic \(see friedman, 1953, which begins with the is/ought distinction, and)tj
t*
0 tc
0 tw
(immediately dismisses ought\).)tj
1.8 -1.3 td
-0.012 tw
[(in addition to borr)18(owing key elements of logical positivism, econom-)]tj
-1.8 -1.3 td
-0.019 tc
0.007 tw
[(ics has also borr)18(owed fr)18(om utilitarianism and pragmatism. it has taken over)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.009 tw
[(the early utilitarian conception of the gr)17(eatest good for the gr)17(eatest num-)]tj
t*
-0.005 tc
-0.008 tw
[(ber)73(, defining )]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 94.4499 455.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.005 tc
(good)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 115.5153 455.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.005 tc
-0.008 tw
[(in terms of desir)18(es and cravings for consumer goods. so)]tj
-7.85153 -1.3 td
-0.004 tc
-0.009 tw
(conceived, the primary question in economics becomes how much people)tj
t*
0 tc
0.046 tw
[(ar)18(e willing to pay in or)17(der to satisfy their cravings for consumption and)]tj
t*
-0.007 tc
0 tw
(pr)tj
0.96449 0 td
-0.006 tw
[(oduct ownership, which instr)8(umentally trigger feelings of pleasur)17(e. the)]tj
-0.96449 -1.3 td
-0.014 tc
0.001 tw
[(focus of utilitarianism on instr)8(umental value has been further str)17(engthened)]tj
t*
0 tc
-0.01 tw
[(by the simplified pragmatic value system, which r)18(educes all value to use,)]tj
t*
0 tw
(defined in economic terms as consumption. )tj
1.8 -1.3 td
-0.006 tw
[(economics is supposed to be the study of the rational choices of indi)1(-)]tj
-1.8 -1.3 td
-0.011 tc
-0.002 tw
[(viduals made self-inter)18(estedly or selfishly on the mar)18(gin\321in the context of)]tj
t*
-0.01 tc
[(moderate scar)18(city)111(. because these choices ar)18(e arbitrary)110(, subjective, and emo-)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.007 tw
(tional, they do not have to be defended. each r)tj
20.63115 0 td
(espondent in an economic)tj
-20.63115 -1.3 td
-0.019 tc
[(survey simply intr)18(ospects to see how he or she feels and r)18(eports to the econ-)]tj
t*
0.013 tc
0.112 tw
[(omist on that feeling. these feelings ar)18(e sorted and counted, and the)]tj
t*
-0.003 tc
-0.01 tw
[(lar)18(gest number of similar cravings and desir)18(es is declar)18(ed to be an \322objec-)]tj
t*
0 tc
0 tw
(tive\323 public policy choice. )tj
1.8 -1.3 td
0.003 tw
[(the transformation of these subjective individual pr)18(efer)18(ences into an)]tj
-1.8 -1.3 td
0.03 tw
(objective collective pr)tj
9.60732 0 td
0 tw
(efer)tj
1.66724 0 td
0.03 tw
(ence is contr)tj
5.53164 0 td
(oversial. mark sagof)tj
9.13735 0 td
-0.0001 tc
(f)tj
0.61251 0 td
0 tc
((1988), in his)tj
-26.55607 -1.30001 td
-0.02 tc
0 tw
(book )tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 60.5765 234.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.02 tc
0.008 tw
(the economy of the earth)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 160.637 234.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.0202 tc
(,)tj
0.46721 0 td
-0.02 tc
(ar)tj
0.83685 0 td
0.008 tw
(gues that identifying consumer pr)tj
14.3893 0 td
0 tw
(efer)tj
1.5867 0 td
(ences,)tj
-29.64375 -1.30001 td
0.005 tc
0.12 tw
[(what we want to satisfy our cravings and desir)18(es, with citizen pr)17(efer-)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.018 tc
0.005 tw
[(ences, what we want to achieve a good society)111(, as if they ar)17(e the same thing,)]tj
t*
0 tc
0 tw
(involves a category mistake.)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
9 0 0 9 55 174.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.036 tw
[(private and public pr)17(efer)18(ences . . . belong to dif)17(fer)18(ent logical categories.)]tj
0 -1.16667 td
-0.011 tc
-0.001 tw
(public \322pr)tj
4.39953 0.00001 td
-0.012 tc
0 tw
(efer)tj
1.6225 0 td
-0.011 tc
-0.001 tw
[(ences\323 involve not desir)18(es and wants but opinions or views.)]tj
-6.02203 -1.16668 td
-0.001 tc
-0.012 tw
[(they state what a person believes is right for the community or gr)17(o)-1(u)-1(p)-1( )-1(a)-1(s)]tj
0 -1.16667 td
0.0065 tc
(a)tj
0.88133 0 td
0.006 tc
0.118 tw
[(whole. these opinions or beliefs may be tr)8(ue or false, and we may)]tj
-0.88133 -1.16667 td
-0.019 tc
0.006 tw
[(meaningfully ask that person for the r)17(easons that he or she holds them. but)]tj
t*
-0.013 tc
0.001 tw
(an analyst who asks how much citizens would pay to satisfy opinions that)tj
t*
0 tc
0.015 tw
[(they advocate thr)17(ough political association commits a category mistake.)]tj
t*
0.016 tw
[(the analyst asks of beliefs about objective facts a question that is appr)17(o-)]tj
t*
0 tw
(priate only to subjective inter)tj
12.88794 -0.00001 td
[(ests and desir)18(es. (p. 94) )]tj
et
1 w 
0 0 0 1 k
36 53.86 m
360 53.86 l
s
0 0 0 0 k
36 38.9391 324 11.858 re
f
36 38.91 324 11.858 re
f
36 38.902 324 11.8581 re
f
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f3 1 tf
8.5 0 0 8.5 36 44.6589 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(t)tj
0.531 0 td
(o)tj
0.5959 0 td
(war)tj
1.7029 0 td
-0.0003 tc
(d)tj
0.7888 0 td
0 tc
(t)tj
0.551 0 td
[(eac)10(hing en)39(vir)20(onmental ethics)-18072(123)]tj
et
q

endstream
endobj
14 0 obj
<<
/length 5578
>>
stream
/gs0 gs
1 g
0 648 0 0 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
0 0 0 0 k
72 63 324 531 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 73 585.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.018 tc
0.006 tw
[(as sagof)18(f notes, what one craves as a personal or consumer pr)19(e)1(f)1(e)1(r)18(ence does)]tj
0 -1.30001 td
-0.011 tc
-0.001 tw
[(not necessarily have anything to do with his or her pr)18(efer)17(ences as a citizen.)]tj
0 -1.3 td
0 tc
0.023 tw
[(although most consumers pr)18(efer fast food packaging, they might never-)]tj
0 -1.30001 td
0.006 tc
0.119 tw
(theless vote to eliminate it in their community because of the need to)tj
t*
0 tc
-0.011 tw
[(r)18(educe the amount of money spent on sanitary land fills or because space)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.005 tc
-0.008 tw
(for land fills is no longer available. in such situations, citizens who vote to)tj
t*
-0.01 tc
0 tw
[(eliminate )3(the )3(packaging )3(still )3(pr)17(efer )3(it)-3( a)-3(s)-3( c)-3(o)-3(n)-3(s)-3(u)-3(m)-3(e)-3(r)-3(s)-3( w)-3(h)-3(i)-3(l)-3(e)-3( r)15(e)-3(j)-3(e)-3(c)-3(t)-3(i)-3(n)-3(g)-3( i)-3(t)-3( a)-3(s)-3( c)-3(i)-3(t)-3(-)]tj
t*
0.022 tc
0.113 tw
[(izens. in such cases, the felt consumer pr)19(efer)17(ences measur)18(ed by the)]tj
t*
0.002 tc
-0.005 tw
[(economists ef)18(fectively have nothing to do with the r)17(easoned citizen pr)18(ef)-1(-)]tj
t*
0 tw
[(er)17(ences that form the basis for the public po)2(l)2(i)2(c)2(y)112(.)2( )]tj
1.8 -1.3 td
0 tc
-0.009 tw
[(the values involved in consumer pr)19(efer)17(ences r)18(equir)18(e no justification.)]tj
-1.8 -1.3 td
-0.019 tc
0.007 tw
[(when asked why someone pr)18(efers this or that, the answer need only be that)]tj
t*
-0.015 tc
0.003 tw
[(that is how he or she feels. citizen pr)18(e)1(f)1(e)1(r)18(ences, in contrast, ar)18(e another mat-)]tj
t*
-0.002 tc
0 tw
(ter)tj
1.12189 0 td
-0.0013 tc
(.)tj
0.48608 0 td
-0.001 tc
-0.011 tw
[(when asked why someone pr)18(efers this or citizen pr)18(e)1(f)1(e)1(r)18(ence, he or she)]tj
-1.60797 -1.3 td
-0.01 tc
-0.003 tw
[(is expected to give r)18(easons, state beliefs, pr)17(esent ar)18(guments. the dif)18(fer)17(ence)]tj
t*
-0.003 tc
-0.009 tw
[(between these two kinds of pr)17(efer)18(ences also involve dif)18(fer)18(ent conceptions)]tj
t*
0 tc
-0.012 tw
[(of value. in terms of personal pr)18(e)1(f)1(e)1(r)19(ences, values ar)18(e matters of feeling or)]tj
t*
-0.018 tc
0.006 tw
[(emotion, as the positivists claimed. in terms of citizen pr)19(efer)17(ences, however)74(,)]tj
t*
0.007 tc
0.117 tw
[(values ar)18(e social ideas that have evolved into their pr)18(esent form over)]tj
t*
-0.016 tc
0.003 tw
[(time. these values ar)18(e not a matter of personal pr)18(efer)17(ence. they ar)18(e the val-)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.062 tw
(ues that r)tj
4.24084 0 td
(eflect what we stand for as a society)tj
16.18607 0 td
-0.0001 tc
(.)tj
0.5622 0 td
0 tc
(they ar)tj
3.41888 0 td
-0.0001 tc
(e)tj
0.79115 0 td
0 tc
(dependent on a)tj
-25.19914 -1.30001 td
-0.006 tc
-0.007 tw
[(history of ideas, not personal pr)18(efer)17(ence. people hold these values in com)1(-)]tj
0 -1.3 td
0 tc
0.069 tw
[(mon because they ar)18(e members of a particular society)111(, not because they)]tj
t*
-0.012 tw
[(happen to feel this way or that at a given moment. )36(although these values)]tj
t*
0.011 tw
(can be changed, they usually change over long periods of time, and such)tj
t*
-0.016 tc
0.004 tw
[(change is not dir)18(ectly dependent on the conscious decisions of specific indi)2(-)]tj
t*
0 tc
0 tw
(viduals at any particular moment.)tj
1.8 -1.3 td
(when values ar)tj
6.87971 0 td
-0.0002 tc
(e)tj
0.72834 0 td
0 tc
(mentioned in envir)tj
8.44254 0 td
(onmental laws, they do not r)tj
12.66435 0 td
(efer)tj
-30.51493 -1.30001 td
-0.016 tc
0.004 tw
[(to the values generated by individual consumer pr)18(efer)17(ences. )37(almost invari-)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.005 tc
-0.008 tw
[(ably they ar)17(e social values that a given society holds in common as part of)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.008 tw
(its heritage. such societal values ar)tj
15.37855 0 td
-0.0002 tc
(e)tj
0.73654 0 td
(r)tj
0.3772 0 td
0 tc
(egularly included in envir)tj
11.51995 0 td
0 tw
(onmental)tj
-28.01224 -1.30001 td
-0.002 tc
-0.011 tw
[(laws in the united states, and have become incr)18(easingly pr)17(ominent in the)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.001 tc
-0.012 tw
[(text of those laws in r)17(ecent years. the w)55(ilderness )37(a)-1(c)-1(t)-1( )-1(o)-1(f)-1( )-1(1)-1(9)-1(6)-1(4)-1( )-1(\()-1(p)-1(u)-1(b)-1(l)-1(i)-1(c)-1( )-1(l)-1(a)-1(w)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.034 tw
[(88-577, 1964\), for example, which is supposed \322to assur)19(e than incr)17(easing)]tj
t*
0.052 tw
[(population, accompanied by expanding settlement and gr)17(owing mecha-)]tj
t*
-0.018 tc
0.006 tw
[(nization, does not occupy and modify all ar)18(eas within)1( the united states and)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.005 tw
[(its possessions, includes four values in its definition of wilderness: scien)2(-)]tj
t*
0.001 tc
0.124 tw
(tific, educational,)tj
8.12769 0.00001 td
-0.001 tc
(scenic, or historical value\323 (p. 890-891). the national)tj
-8.1277 -1.3 td
-0.003 tc
0 tw
(envir)tj
2.4128 0 td
0.015 tw
(onmental policy )tj
7.37251 0.00001 td
(act of 1969 (public law 91-190, 1970) states that its)tj
-9.7853 -1.3 td
0.008 tc
0.115 tw
[(purpose is to impede \322the pr)18(ofound influences of population gr)18(owth,)]tj
et
1 w 
0 0 0 1 k
72 53.842 m
396 53.842 l
s
0 0 0 0 k
72 38.921 324 11.857 re
f
72 38.91 324 11.858 re
f
72 38.902 324 11.8581 re
f
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f3 1 tf
8.5 0 0 8.5 72 44.6589 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(124)tj
29.884 0.00001 td
(eug)tj
1.89843 0.00001 td
(ene har)tj
3.65234 0.00001 td
(gr)tj
0.97999 0.00001 td
(o)tj
0.59106 0.00001 td
(ve)tj
et
q

endstream
endobj
15 0 obj
<<
/length 5336
>>
stream
/gs0 gs
1 g
0 648 0 0 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
0 0 0 0 k
36 63 324 531 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 37 585.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.012 tc
-0.006 tw
[(h)-3(i)-3(g)-3(h)-3(-)-4(density urbanization, industrial expansion, r)18(esour)17(ce exploitation, and)]tj
0 -1.30001 td
-0.03 tc
0.012 tw
(new and advancing technological expansion\323 (p. 852). the fourth specific aim)tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.013 tc
0 tw
[(o)5(f)5( )5(t)5(h)5(e)5( )5(l)5(a)5(w)5( )5(i)5(s)5( )5(t)5(o)5( )5<d2>5(pr)17(eserve important historic, cultural, natural aspects of our)]tj
0 -1.30001 td
0 tc
0.012 tw
[(natural heritage\323 (p. 852) )36(although the wor)17(d value is not used, the r)18(efer-)]tj
t*
-0.011 tc
-0.002 tw
(ence is to historic, cultural, and natural values. likewise, in the second aim)tj
0 -1.3 td
0 tc
-0.012 tw
[(of the law)92(, the assurance that everyone will have \322esthetically and cultur)-1(-)]tj
t*
-0.001 tc
-0.011 tw
[(ally pleasing surr)17(oundings\323 (p. 852) r)18(efers to aesthetic and cultural value.)]tj
t*
0.006 tc
0.119 tw
[(finally)110(, the endanger)18(ed species )37(act of 1973 (public law 93-205, 1973))]tj
t*
0 tc
0.018 tw
[(states in the first sentence of the law that extinctions ar)17(e being caused by)]tj
t*
0.001 tc
0.124 tw
[(\322economic gr)18(owth and development untemper)18(ed by adequate concern)]tj
t*
-0.011 tc
-0.001 tw
[(and conservation\323 (p. 884) and states in the thir)18(d sentence that endanger)17(ed)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.04 tw
[(species ar)18(e to be pr)17(otected because they ar)18(e \322of esthetic, ecological, edu-)]tj
t*
0.009 tw
[(cational, historical, r)18(ecr)18(eational, and scientific value to the nation and its)]tj
t*
-0.019 tc
0.006 tw
(people\323 (p. 884). note that the purpose of the endanger)tj
23.54197 0 td
[(ed species )37(act is not)]tj
-23.54197 -1.3 td
-0.025 tc
0.012 tw
[(dir)18(ectly to pr)17(otect endanger)18(ed species, but rather to pr)17(otect and pr)18(omote cer-)]tj
t*
0 tc
0 tw
[(tain common values by means of pr)18(otecting endanger)18(ed species. )]tj
1.8 -1.3 td
-0.025 tc
0.012 tw
[(noticeably missing fr)18(om the list of values in the endanger)17(ed species )38(act)]tj
-1.8 -1.3 td
0.02 tc
0.141 tw
(is economic value. this omission unambiguously demonstrates that)tj
t*
-0.017 tc
0.004 tw
[(congr)18(ess intended for the values listed in the law to inhibit or limit the pr)17(o)-1(-)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.033 tw
[(motion of economic value, a point only implicit in earlier envir)18(onmental)]tj
t*
-0.002 tc
-0.011 tw
(laws, wher)tj
4.79164 0 td
-0.0019 tc
(e)tj
0.71444 0 td
-0.002 tc
(the central focal point is not quite so clearly the pr)tj
21.87308 0 td
(omotion of)tj
-27.37916 -1.30001 td
0 tc
0.01 tw
[(common values. ther)19(e is, however)74(, a lar)18(ge gap between congr)16(ess\325 inten-)]tj
0 -1.3 td
0.005 tc
0.12 tw
[(tion and the r)17(eality of how this envir)18(onmental law and the others ar)18(e)]tj
t*
-0.018 tc
0.005 tw
[(actually carried out. in practice, the common values listed ar)18(e not pr)18(omoted)]tj
t*
-0.024 tc
0.012 tw
[(as a limit to the pr)17(omotion of economic value. rather they ar)19(e translated into)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.025 tw
[(economic values and tr)18(eated as if they ar)18(e weak economic values, in this)]tj
t*
-0.007 tw
(way ignoring the spirit and intent of these laws. this translation is usual)tj
31.86725 0 td
(-)tj
-31.86725 -1.3 td
0.01 tc
0.115 tw
(ly carried out by economists who shadow price these values, turning)tj
t*
-0.009 tc
-0.004 tw
(aesthetic value, for example, into travel costs, how much tourists spend on)tj
t*
0 tc
0.009 tw
[(gasoline, r)18(estaurants, hotels, and souvenirs. w)55(ith such translations, envi-)]tj
(r)'
0.37695 0 td
0.033 tw
(onmental laws, which, as sagof)tj
13.96514 0 td
-0.0001 tc
(f)tj
0.61557 0 td
0 tc
((1988) has often noted, ar)tj
11.23758 0 td
-0.0001 tc
(e)tj
0.76153 0 td
0 tc
(ethical laws)tj
-26.95677 -1.30001 td
0.03 tw
[(about common values, ar)18(e subverted into economic laws, permitting the)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.005 tc
-0.008 tw
[(pr)17(omotion of a kind of value that is not explicitly or implicitly included in)]tj
t*
-0.007 tc
-0.005 tw
[(the aims of those laws. )37(although this translation is undertaken as a matter)]tj
t*
0 tc
0 tw
[(of expediency)111(, because no one has been trained to carry out these laws as)]tj
t*
-0.001 tc
-0.011 tw
[(they ar)17(e written, it is pr)17(obably illegal nonetheless, and, even if it is not for)]tj
t*
0.015 tc
0.11 tw
[(some technical r)18(eason, it cannot possibly pr)18(oduce r)18(esults of the kind)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.013 tw
(intended by congr)tj
8.36451 0.00001 td
(ess\321for the common values listed in those laws, once)tj
-8.3645 -1.3 td
-0.004 tc
-0.009 tw
(transformed into weak economic values, far)tj
19.17924 0.00001 td
-0.0036 tc
(e)tj
0.71272 0 td
-0.004 tc
(poorly in cost-benefit analy)tj
11.9753 0.00001 td
0 tc
(-)tj
-31.8673 -1.3 td
-0.006 tc
-0.006 tw
[(sis. they do poorly pr)18(ecisely because travel costs, for example, r)19(eally have)]tj
et
1 w 
0 0 0 1 k
36 53.86 m
360 53.86 l
s
0 0 0 0 k
36 38.9391 324 11.858 re
f
36 38.91 324 11.858 re
f
36 38.902 324 11.8581 re
f
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f3 1 tf
8.5 0 0 8.5 36 44.6589 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(t)tj
0.531 0 td
(o)tj
0.596 0 td
(war)tj
1.7029 0 td
-0.0003 tc
(d)tj
0.7888 0 td
0 tc
(t)tj
0.551 0 td
[(eac)10(hing en)39(vir)20(onmental ethics)-18072(125)]tj
et
q

endstream
endobj
16 0 obj
<<
/length 5301
>>
stream
/gs0 gs
1 g
0 648 0 0 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
0 0 0 0 k
72 63 324 531 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 73 585.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.004 tw
(nothing to do with what we mean when we say something is aesthetical-)tj
0 -1.30001 td
-0.009 tc
-0.004 tw
[(ly beautiful or has intrinsic value. )36(a)-182(value of one kind has simply been put)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.016 tc
0.003 tw
[(in the place of a value of a completely dif)18(fer)17(ent kind and used in policy and)]tj
0 -1.30001 td
0 tc
0 tw
(decision making as if it is identical.)tj
1.8 -1.30001 td
0.004 tc
0.121 tw
[(concerning the )17(y)90(ukon, specifically)111(, the )17(y)90(ukon envir)17(onment )37(act of)]tj
-1.8 -1.3 td
-0.012 tc
-0.001 tw
[(1991, ther)17(e is both good news and bad news. the good news is that this act)]tj
t*
-0.018 tc
0.005 tw
[(also lists a set of values to be pr)18(omoted. )37(accor)18(ding to the first sentence, four)]tj
t*
0.002 tc
0.122 tw
[(values ar)18(e to be pr)17(omoted: economic, cultural, aesthetic, and spiritual.)]tj
t*
0 tc
-0.002 tw
[(the bad news is that, unlike the envir)17(onmental laws in the united states,)]tj
t*
0 tw
(economic value is included in the list, and it is listed first.)tj
1.8 -1.3 td
-0.006 tc
-0.007 tw
[(v)55(iewed in one way)110(, the pr)18(esence of economic value in the list may not)]tj
-1.8 -1.3 td
0.012 tc
0.113 tw
[(matter)74(, given that economic value, though omitted in the laws in the)]tj
t*
-0.002 tc
-0.011 tw
[(united states, still r)18(emains the principle value pr)17(omoted, since the values)]tj
t*
-0.021 tc
0.008 tw
(listed laws in those laws, as just noted, ar)tj
17.32247 0 td
-0.0211 tc
(e)tj
0.69528 0 td
-0.021 tc
(first converted into economic val-)tj
-18.01775 -1.3 td
-0.002 tc
-0.011 tw
[(ues whenever they ar)17(e explicitly addr)18(essed. nevertheless, the pr)18(esence of)]tj
t*
0.003 tc
0.122 tw
[(economic value in the )18(y)90(ukon envir)18(onment )37(act \(y)89(ukon t)92(erritory)111(, 1991\))]tj
t*
0 tc
-0.002 tw
(could be used to advantage in a way not possible in the united states if a)tj
t*
-0.005 tc
-0.008 tw
[(practical way could be found to r)18(educe the influence of economic value to)]tj
t*
0.009 tc
0.116 tw
[(mer)18(ely one of four values to be pr)17(omoted. if all four values could be)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.074 tw
[(emphasized equally)111(, whenever it is appr)17(opriate to do so, then the other)]tj
t*
0 tw
(thr)tj
1.28467 0 td
0.022 tw
(ee\321cultural, aesthetic, and spiritual value\321would serve as a limit on)tj
-1.28467 -1.3 td
-0.011 tc
-0.002 tw
[(economic value, much the way the values in the envir)18(onmental laws in the)]tj
t*
0 tc
0 tw
[(united states wer)18(e intended to function by congr)17(ess.)]tj
1.8 -1.3 td
-0.001 tc
-0.011 tw
[(if, however)74(, the practice followed in the united states continues to be)]tj
-1.8 -1.3 td
-0.021 tc
0.009 tw
[(the practice in the )17(y)90(ukon, and cultural, aesthetic, and spiritual value ar)18(e)1( )1(r)18(o)1(u)1(-)]tj
t*
-0.016 tc
0.004 tw
[(tinely converted into economic value, then the )18(y)90(ukon envir)18(onment )36(act will)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.028 tw
(gradually become mor)tj
10.04578 0 td
-0.0001 tc
(e)tj
0.75639 0 td
0 tc
(clearly an economic envir)tj
11.37642 0 td
(onmental law than the)tj
-22.17859 -1.3 td
-0.018 tc
0 tw
(envir)tj
2.2054 0 td
0.005 tw
(onmental laws of the united states, since economic value will not only)tj
-2.2054 -1.30001 td
-0.006 tc
-0.006 tw
[(be the first value pr)17(omoted, but also the form in which all other values ar)18(e)]tj
0 -1.3 td
0 tc
0.083 tw
[(conceived. )37(although thr)18(ee of the four values in the law will technically)]tj
(r)'
0.37695 0 td
0.009 tw
(emain \322non-economic\323 values, in practice, they will be tr)tj
25.16083 0 td
(eated as if they)tj
-25.53778 -1.30001 td
0 tw
[(ar)18(e (weak) economic values.)]tj
1.8 -1.3 td
0.02 tc
0.26 tw
(the dangers of this possibility can be seen in the )tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 343.1174 169.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.02 tc
0.26 tw
[(y)92(ukon w)20(olf)]tj
-27.01174 -1.3 td
-0.009 tc
-0.003 tw
(conservation and management plan)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 218.582 156.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.009 tc
(.)tj
0.4416 0 td
-0.003 tw
(although the plan includes a section on)tj
-14.9998 -1.3 td
-0.013 tc
0 tw
(the intrinsic value of wolves, the section, titled \322the non-consumptive use)tj
t*
0 tc
-0.008 tw
[(of w)92(olves,\323 is written in such a way that the cultural, aesthetic, and spiri)-1(-)]tj
t*
-0.012 tc
0 tw
[(tual values of wolves have alr)18(eady been explicitly converted into economic)]tj
t*
-0.015 tc
0.002 tw
(terminology \(y)tj
6.40511 0.00001 td
[(ukon w)92(olf management t)92(eam, 1992\). the aim of this section)]tj
-6.4051 -1.3 td
-0.003 tc
-0.009 tw
(is to \322meet the demands of non-consumptive users,\323 straightforwar)tj
29.56355 0.00001 td
-0.0033 tc
(d)tj
0.84514 0 td
-0.003 tc
0 tw
(eco)tj
1.45874 0.00001 td
0 tc
(-)tj
-31.8674 -1.3 td
[(nomic jar)18(gon (p. 6).)]tj
et
1 w 
0 0 0 1 k
72 53.842 m
396 53.842 l
s
0 0 0 0 k
72 38.921 324 11.857 re
f
72 38.91 324 11.858 re
f
72 38.902 324 11.8581 re
f
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f3 1 tf
8.5 0 0 8.5 72 44.6589 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(126)tj
29.884 0.00001 td
(eug)tj
1.89843 0.00001 td
(ene har)tj
3.65234 0.00001 td
(gr)tj
0.97999 0.00001 td
(o)tj
0.59106 0.00001 td
(ve)tj
et
q

endstream
endobj
17 0 obj
<<
/length 8108
>>
stream
/gs0 gs
1 g
0 648 0 0 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
0 0 0 0 k
36 63 324 531 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 55 585.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.109 tw
[(it is fr)18(equently said by critics of envir)17(onmental ethics that they ar)17(e)]tj
-1.8 -1.30001 td
-0.005 tc
-0.008 tw
[(for)18(ced to use economic terminology because envir)18(onmental ethics is filled)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.009 tc
-0.004 tw
[(with unusable jar)17(gon, for example, the term)]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 228.811 559.671 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.009 tc
-0.004 tw
(intrinsic value)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 286.2239 559.671 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.0091 tc
(.)tj
0.47833 0 td
-0.009 tc
-0.004 tw
(such a criticism)tj
-25.40072 -1.30001 td
-0.003 tc
-0.009 tw
[(would have some validity if \322non-consumptive use\323 was a workable sub)1(-)]tj
t*
-0.023 tc
0.006 tw
[(s)-5(t)-5(i)-5(t)-5(u)-5(t)-5(e)-5( )-5(f)-5(o)-5(r)-5( )-5<d2>-5(i)-5(n)-5(t)-5(r)-5(i)-5(n)-5(s)-5(i)-5(c)-5( )-5(value.\323 t)92(o the contrary)110(, however)74(, to adequately flesh out)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.005 tc
0.027 tw
[(the alternative phraseology)110(, the title of the section should be expanded to)]tj
t*
-0.004 tc
0.124 tw
[(r)18(ead: \322the non-economic, non-instr)9(umental, non-consumptive no-use)]tj
t*
-0.008 tc
-0.009 tw
[(of w)92(olves\323\321substituting )]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 148.7919 494.671 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.008 tc
(non-use)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 182.7655 494.671 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.008 tc
(for )tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 197.5793 494.671 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.009 tc
(use)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 212.9962 494.671 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.008 tc
-0.009 tw
[(\()1(r)18(ejecting the nonsensical claim of)]tj
-17.59962 -1.3 td
-0.013 tc
-0.005 tw
(naive pragmatism that nothing is of value except when it is used\), since the)tj
t*
0.009 tc
0.116 tw
[(w)5(o)5(l)5(v)5(e)5(s)5( )5(a)5(r)23(e)5( )5(n)5(o)5(t)5( )5(a)5(c)5(t)5(ually being used. sur)17(ely)110(, this negative jar)18(gon is not)]tj
t*
-0.021 tc
0.009 tw
[(p)1(r)18(eferable to the r)17(eestablishment of the traditional value term, )]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 300.8004 455.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.021 tc
0.009 tw
(intrinsic value)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 356.5021 455.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(.)tj
-30.15021 -1.3 td
0.035 tw
[(it would pr)18(obably be appr)16(opriate to laugh at the cumbersome, awk-)]tj
-1.8 -1.3 td
0.02 tc
0.556 tw
[(war)18(d, and indeed incompr)18(ehensible manner in which simple,)]tj
t*
-0.002 tc
0 tw
(straightforwar)tj
6.36087 0 td
-0.011 tw
(d, traditional value terms, such as )tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 251.2554 416.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.002 tc
-0.011 tw
(intrinsic value)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 309.7 416.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.0017 tc
(,)tj
0.48561 0 td
-0.002 tc
-0.011 tw
(have been)tj
-27.75561 -1.3 td
-0.006 tc
-0.007 tw
[(displaced, if the long-term consequences of such substitutions wer)19(e not so)]tj
t*
-0.008 tc
-0.005 tw
[(horr)18(endous. )37(although they wer)17(e pr)17(obably not awar)17(e of it, the inventors of)]tj
t*
0 tc
-0.003 tw
[(these \322non-terms\323 have pr)18(oduced a terminological transformation that is)]tj
t*
0.096 tw
[(quietly fulfilling the aims of the newspeak pr)17(oject in orwell\325s )]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 322.33 364.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(nineteen)tj
-28.533 -1.3 td
-0.002 tc
(eight-four)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 84.2071 351.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.002 tc
-0.011 tw
[((1963). just as newspeak r)18(educes moral language to one wor)18(d,)]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 37 338.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.014 tc
(good)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 55.3047 338.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.0144 tc
(,)tj
0.47296 0 td
-0.014 tc
0.002 tw
[(with all other values cover)18(ed by the wor)17(d, )]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 243.1826 338.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.014 tc
(ungood)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 272.3194 338.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.0145 tc
(,)tj
0.47287 0 td
-0.014 tc
0.002 tw
[(envir)18(onmental lan-)]tj
-24.00481 -1.3 td
0 tc
0.061 tw
(guage has now been r)tj
9.87485 0 td
(educed to single terms, with all other possibilities)tj
-9.87485 -1.3 td
-0.017 tc
0.005 tw
[(cover)18(ed indiscriminately by the same term modified by the pr)18(efix )]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 318.6026 312.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.017 tc
(non)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 333.6429 312.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.017 tc
0.005 tw
(-: eco-)tj
-29.66429 -1.3 td
-0.02 tc
0.007 tw
[(nomic and non-economic, instr)9(umental and non-instr)8(umental, consumptive)]tj
t*
0.02 tc
0.138 tw
(and non-consumptive. in each case, the opposites vaguely cover an)tj
t*
-0.023 tc
0.011 tw
[(immense range of possibilities and of)18(fer no positive characterization of those)]tj
t*
-0.004 tc
-0.009 tw
[(possibilities. the common element of all non-economic things\321for exam)2(-)]tj
t*
0.005 tc
0.12 tw
(ple, aesthetic value, scientific value, r)tj
17.17502 0 td
0 tw
(ecr)tj
1.31418 0 td
0.12 tw
(eational value, etc.\321is simply)tj
-18.4892 -1.3 td
0 tc
0 tw
(that they ar)tj
5.05298 0 td
-0.0002 tc
(e)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 94.8174 234.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(not)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 110.6426 234.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(economic. )tj
-5.56426 -1.3 td
-0.02 tc
-0.006 tw
[(it is this aspect of the logic of economic terminology that makes it so dif)1(-)]tj
-1.8 -1.3 td
-0.013 tc
0.069 tw
[(ficult for envir)18(onmental pr)17(ofessionals to think positively in non-economic)]tj
t*
0.006 tw
(terms. if this kind of thinking is not challenged ef)tj
21.16267 0 td
0 tw
(fectively)tj
3.53913 0 td
-0.0126 tc
(,)tj
0.48106 0 td
-0.013 tc
0.006 tw
(all non-econom)tj
6.68437 0 td
0 tc
(-)tj
-31.86723 -1.30001 td
-0.03 tc
0.005 tw
(ic terms will gradually lose their meaning, eventually eliminating the need for)tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.013 tc
0.028 tw
[(\322non-wor)18(ds\323 all together)73(. for example, if )]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 217.4104 169.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.013 tc
0.028 tw
(aesthetic value)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 277.2485 169.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.013 tc
0.028 tw
(is defined as travel)tj
-24.02485 -1.3 td
0.051 tw
[(costs long enough, the need for translation will eventually become unnec)-1(-)]tj
t*
-0.027 tc
0.002 tw
[(essary as the economic definition r)18(eplaces the non-economic definition. in the)]tj
t*
-0.013 tc
-0.008 tw
(end, the term )tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 96.3989 130.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.013 tc
(non-economic)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 153.0957 130.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.013 tc
-0.008 tw
(will become as superfluous as )tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 283.7933 130.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.013 tc
(non-use)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 317.4309 130.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.013 tc
-0.008 tw
[(alr)18(eady is)]tj
-28.0431 -1.3 td
0.002 tw
[(today)111(, and non-economic values will be nothing mor)18(e than weak economic)]tj
t*
0.053 tw
(values that have lost their traditional meanings. )tj
21.0424 0.00001 td
(at that point, the original)tj
-21.0424 -1.3 td
-0.019 tc
-0.006 tw
(meanings will be as untranslatable as value terms wer)tj
22.80827 0.00001 td
-0.0191 tc
(e)tj
0.68474 0 td
-0.019 tc
(supposed to become)tj
-23.493 -1.3 td
-0.013 tc
0 tw
(when eliminated by newspeak in orwell\325s )tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 223.6858 78.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.013 tc
(nineteen eight-four)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 307.8441 78.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.005 tc
((1963).)tj
et
1 w 
0 0 0 1 k
36 53.86 m
360 53.86 l
s
0 0 0 0 k
36 38.9391 324 11.858 re
f
36 38.91 324 11.858 re
f
36 38.902 324 11.8581 re
f
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f3 1 tf
8.5 0 0 8.5 36 44.6589 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(t)tj
0.531 0 td
(o)tj
0.596 0 td
(war)tj
1.7029 0 td
-0.0003 tc
(d)tj
0.7888 0 td
0 tc
(t)tj
0.551 0 td
[(eac)10(hing en)39(vir)20(onmental ethics)-18072(127)]tj
et
q

endstream
endobj
18 0 obj
<<
/length 5303
>>
stream
/gs0 gs
1 g
0 648 0 0 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
0 0 0 0 k
72 63 324 531 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 91 585.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.001 tc
-0.012 tw
[(closely associated with the ef)18(fort to simplify language and conceptu-)]tj
-1.8 -1.30001 td
0 tc
0.068 tw
(al thought in )tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 134.3731 572.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.068 tw
(nineteen eighty-four )tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 227.3905 572.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.068 tw
[((1963) was a parallel ef)18(fort to destr)17(oy)]tj
-15.43905 -1.3 td
0.02 tc
0.175 tw
[(cultural heritage by distorting and r)17(ewriting history)110(. the economic)]tj
0 -1.30001 td
-0.002 tc
-0.011 tw
[(appr)17(oach also r)19(elies heavily on such distortion so as to over)18(come and dis)1(-)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.01 tw
(place fundamental traditions, values, and beliefs. this kind of distortion,)tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.02 tc
0.007 tw
[(whether intentional or unintentional, can be found in the intrinsic value sec)-1(-)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.06 tw
[(tion of the )17(y)90(ukon conservation and management plan (1992) wher)18(e the)]tj
t*
-0.023 tc
0.01 tw
(authors write of the wish of canadians to view and photograph wildlife and)tj
t*
0 tc
0 tw
[(to pr)17(eserve it as part of natural ecosystems as if it is a new phenomenon)1(: )]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
9 0 0 9 91 458.1709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.011 tc
-0.002 tw
[(this is a new attitude towar)18(ds wildlife which r)18(ecognizes and r)18(espects that)]tj
0 -1.16667 td
0 tc
0.009 tw
[(animals have a right to exist, often called their \322inher)17(ent\323 or \322existence\323)]tj
t*
0 tw
(values. (p. 6))tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 73 411.1709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.004 tc
-0.008 tw
[(this statement turns the actual history of the matter on its head. )36(as i have)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.024 tc
0.012 tw
[(shown elsewher)18(e, the \322new\323 attitude is much older than the economic appa-)]tj
t*
0 tc
0 tw
[(ratus that is being used to explain it \(har)17(gr)17(ove, 1989\). )]tj
1.8 -1.3 td
0.004 tc
0.12 tw
[(the inter)18(est in pr)17(eserving natural systems in an undisturbed state)]tj
-1.8 -1.3 td
0 tc
-0.002 tw
[(was fully formed by the middle of the 19th century)110(. it ar)18(ose out of a com)1(-)]tj
t*
-0.019 tc
0.007 tw
[(plex interplay of developments in landscape painting, landscape gar)17(dening,)]tj
t*
-0.01 tc
0 tw
(natur)tj
2.33622 0 td
-0.0105 tc
(e)tj
0.70583 0 td
-0.01 tc
(poetry)tj
2.72996 0 td
-0.0104 tc
(,)tj
0.47699 0 td
-0.01 tc
-0.002 tw
(and natural history science. the wish to take pictur)tj
22.02583 0 td
(es of nat)tj
3.59224 0 td
0 tc
(-)tj
-31.86707 -1.30001 td
0.02 tc
0.275 tw
[(ural landscapes is a pr)18(oduct of four centuries of r)19(epr)17(esentational)]tj
0 -1.3 td
0 tc
0.101 tw
[(experimentation in art culminating in luminism in north )36(america. the)]tj
t*
0.003 tc
0 tw
(inter)tj
2.07026 0 td
0.122 tw
(est in pr)tj
3.85134 0 td
[(eserving species was dir)18(ectly r)18(elated to thr)17(ee centuries of)]tj
-5.9216 -1.30001 td
0.007 tc
0.118 tw
[(biological classification activities and ar)18(ose specifically out of concern)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.006 tc
-0.007 tw
(about species extinction after the discovery of extinct mammoths in north)tj
t*
0 tc
0 tw
[(america and dinosaurs in eur)19(ope at the beginning of the 19th century)109(. )]tj
1.8 -1.3 td
-0.01 tc
-0.002 tw
[(james bradbury expr)18(essed concern about the possible extinction of the)]tj
-1.8 -1.3 td
0 tc
0 tw
(buf)tj
1.4707 0 td
0.002 tw
(falo on the upper missouri in his account of his journeys up the river)tj
30.4793 0 td
(,)tj
-31.95 -1.3 td
0.074 tw
(published in 1812 \(har)tj
10.31891 0 td
0 tw
(gr)tj
0.93287 0 td
0.074 tw
(ove, 1989\). the concern was not originally for)tj
20.61547 0 td
(-)tj
-31.86725 -1.30001 td
-0.015 tc
0.002 tw
(mulated in terms of a right to exist, but rather in terms of intrinsic value, by)tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.007 tc
-0.005 tw
(people who came to value animals and landscapes for their own sake. the)tj
t*
-0.017 tc
0.005 tw
(idea that such things might have rights did not come into fashion until after)tj
t*
0.007 tc
0.118 tw
(public policy specialists and well-educated citizens, influenced by the)tj
t*
0.004 tc
0.121 tw
(pragmatists\325 attack on intrinsic value, had lost their ability to think in)tj
t*
-0.006 tc
-0.007 tw
[(terms of it. inher)18(ent value in the statement is simply a synonym for intrin)-1(-)]tj
t*
-0.021 tc
0.008 tw
[(sic value, used by some philosophers when they r)18(ealized that intrinsic value)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.069 tw
(was no longer an acceptable term. existence value is an economic term,)tj
t*
0.003 tc
0.122 tw
[(invented by economists to r)18(eplace rights and intrinsic value language,)]tj
t*
-0.008 tc
-0.004 tw
(which tr)tj
3.616 0 td
[(eats the desir)18(e to pr)17(eserve species and natural systems as if it is an)]tj
-3.616 -1.3 td
-0.002 tc
-0.011 tw
[(ahistorical, subjective, arbitrary pr)17(efer)18(ence of 20th century non-consump-)]tj
et
1 w 
0 0 0 1 k
72 53.842 m
396 53.842 l
s
0 0 0 0 k
72 38.921 324 11.857 re
f
72 38.91 324 11.858 re
f
72 38.902 324 11.8581 re
f
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f3 1 tf
8.5 0 0 8.5 72 44.6589 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(128)tj
29.884 0.00001 td
(eug)tj
1.89843 0.00001 td
(ene har)tj
3.65234 0.00001 td
(gr)tj
0.97999 0.00001 td
(o)tj
0.59106 0.00001 td
(ve)tj
et
q

endstream
endobj
19 0 obj
<<
/length 5466
>>
stream
/gs0 gs
1 g
0 648 0 0 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
0 0 0 0 k
36 63 324 531 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 37 585.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.022 tc
0.009 tw
[(tive economic consumers \(assuming, of course, that a non-consumptive con)2(-)]tj
0 -1.30001 td
0 tc
0 tw
[(sumer is not an oxymor)18(on\). )]tj
1.8 -1.3 td
-0.017 tc
[(t)92(o the contrary)111(, the economist\325s so-called existence value is a pr)19(oduct of)]tj
-1.8 -1.30001 td
-0.0259 tc
(a)tj
0.70643 0 td
-0.026 tc
0.008 tw
[(particular type of thinking\321r)16(epr)18(esentation thinking\321that is the most basic)]tj
-0.70643 -1.30001 td
-0.007 tc
-0.011 tw
[(kind of thought in the modern period. in science, it pr)18(oduced an emphasis)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.025 tc
0.008 tw
[(on models that facilitated theor)18(etical developments in physics and chemistry)111(.)]tj
t*
-0.021 tc
0.003 tw
[(in philosophy)111(, it pr)17(omoted questions about the r)18(elationship of sensation and)]tj
t*
-0.005 tc
0.125 tw
[(objects in the external world that pr)17(oduced the pr)18(oblem of existence of)]tj
t*
-0.016 tc
-0.002 tw
(the external world and such philosophical movements as german idealism,)tj
t*
-0.005 tc
0 tw
[(solipsism, and in this century phenomenology)111(. in art, it pr)17(oduced the r)18(ep-)]tj
t*
-0.015 tc
-0.003 tw
[(r)18(esentational experiment that led to the appr)17(eciation of artistic, but r)17(ealistic,)]tj
t*
-0.01 tc
-0.007 tw
[(r)18(e)1(p)1(r)19(esentations of actual places, to the appr)17(eciation of natur)18(e)1( )1(p)1(h)1(o)1(t)1(o)1(g)1(r)1(a)1(p)1(h)1(y)111(,)]tj
t*
-0.003 tc
0.122 tw
[(and finally)111(, thr)17(ough this painting and photography)110(, the appr)17(eciation of)]tj
t*
-0.022 tc
0.004 tw
(natural places undisturbed and the desir)tj
17.07936 0 td
-0.0217 tc
(e)tj
0.68968 0 td
-0.022 tc
(that they continue to exist. the so-)tj
-17.76904 -1.3 td
-0.001 tc
0.121 tw
[(called \322new\323 attitude towar)17(d natur)18(e can be accounted for in terms the)]tj
t*
-0.005 tc
-0.012 tw
[(existence value terminology of economics only if these centuries of cultur)1(-)]tj
t*
-0.01 tc
-0.007 tw
[(al heritage\321the \322old\323\321ar)17(e ignor)18(ed and tr)17(eated as if they never happened.)]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f0 1 tf
10 0 0 10 75.6648 343.0709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(the role of primary and secondary school education)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 37 319.2709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.004 tc
0.121 tw
(if envir)tj
3.36801 0 td
(onmental policy and decision making is to be impr)tj
23.58804 0 td
(oved in the)tj
-26.95605 -1.30001 td
0.001 tc
0.123 tw
[(y)89(ukon \(and elsewher)18(e\) it must be transformed into something beyond)]tj
0 -1.3 td
0 tc
0.07 tw
[(the simplified economic appr)18(oach curr)18(ently in use. )37(as a first step, envi-)]tj
(r)'
0.37398 0 td
-0.003 tc
-0.01 tw
(onmental pr)tj
5.37335 0 td
[(ofessionals and concerned citizens have to begin tr)18(eating the)]tj
-5.74733 -1.30001 td
-0.004 tc
-0.009 tw
[(y)89(ukon\325s cultural, aesthetic, and spiritual values positively as the equals of)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.001 tc
-0.012 tw
[(economic value \(since they ar)18(e listed as equals in the )18(y)90(ukon envir)17(onment)]tj
t*
-0.005 tc
-0.007 tw
(act, 1991\). the practice of translating them into weak economic values for)tj
t*
-0.013 tc
0 tw
(the purpose of cost-benefit analysis has to be discontinued, for this practice)tj
t*
0.004 tc
0.121 tw
(collapses all of the values that ar)tj
15.19124 0 td
0.0042 tc
(e)tj
0.85802 0 td
0.004 tc
(supposed to be pr)tj
8.354 0 td
(omoted into one.)tj
-24.40326 -1.3 td
0.002 tc
0.123 tw
(changing this practice will not be easy)tj
17.82889 0 td
0.0024 tc
(,)tj
0.62724 0 td
0.002 tc
(for it means r)tj
6.2867 0 td
(ediscovering the)tj
-24.74283 -1.30001 td
-0.012 tc
0 tw
[(cultural heritage that made the 20th century an envir)16(onmental century and)]tj
0 -1.3 td
0 tc
0.01 tw
[(r)18(einventing the value terminology that was pointlessly abandoned at the)]tj
t*
-0.018 tc
0.005 tw
(end of the 19th century)tj
9.73494 0 td
-0.0176 tc
(.)tj
0.46978 0 td
-0.018 tc
[(it is a task that will r)17(equir)17(e a massive r)19(esear)17(ch ef)18(fort)]tj
-10.20472 -1.3 td
-0.005 tc
-0.007 tw
(on the part of scientists and humanists and a massive educational ef)tj
29.56356 0.00001 td
(fort at)tj
-29.56356 -1.30001 td
-0.014 tc
0.001 tw
[(all levels fr)18(om primary school to adult education that is sensitive to the cul-)]tj
0 -1.3 td
0.018 tc
0.106 tw
(tural traditions and values of both eur)tj
18.29512 0.00001 td
(o-canadians and first nation)tj
-18.2951 -1.3 td
0 tc
0.003 tw
[(peoples \(since, as i interpr)18(et it, aesthetic value in the )17(y)90(ukon envir)18(onment)]tj
t*
0 tw
(act seems to r)tj
6.2347 0 td
(efer to a eur)tj
5.3978 0.00001 td
(o-canadian heritage and cultural and spiritual)tj
-11.6325 -1.3 td
0.02 tc
0.313 tw
[(values to a first nation heritage\). i)-1(f)-5( )-5(t)-5(h)-5(e)-5( )-5(v)-5(a)-5(l)-5(u)-5(e)-5(s)-5( )-5(t)-5(h)-5(a)-5(t)-5( )-5(t)-5(h)-5(e)-5( )12(y)85(u)-5(k)-5(o)-5(n)]tj
t*
-0.018 tc
0.011 tw
[(envir)18(onment )37(act is supposed to pr)18(omote cannot be articulated in their own)]tj
et
1 w 
0 0 0 1 k
36 53.86 m
360 53.86 l
s
0 0 0 0 k
36 38.9391 324 11.858 re
f
36 38.91 324 11.858 re
f
36 38.902 324 11.8581 re
f
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f3 1 tf
8.5 0 0 8.5 36 44.6589 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(t)tj
0.531 0 td
(o)tj
0.596 0 td
(war)tj
1.7029 0 td
-0.0003 tc
(d)tj
0.7888 0 td
0 tc
(t)tj
0.551 0 td
[(eac)10(hing en)39(vir)20(onmental ethics)-18072(129)]tj
et
q

endstream
endobj
20 0 obj
<<
/length 5576
>>
stream
/gs0 gs
1 g
0 648 0 0 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
0 0 0 0 k
72 63 324 531 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 73 585.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.011 tw
[(r)-5(i)-5(g)-5(h)-5(t)-5(,)-5( )-5(a)-5(n)-5(d)-5( )-5(t)-5(h)-5(e)-5( )-5(c)-5(u)-5(l)-5(tural history that pr)16(oduced envir)19(onmental thought con)-1(-)]tj
0 -1.30001 td
-0.012 tc
0 tw
[(tinues to be for)17(gotten, then that law cannot be carried out as it was written. )]tj
1.8 -1.3 td
-0.02 tc
0.008 tw
[(the primary and secondary schools can play a r)19(ole in this ef)18(fort by r)17(e)1(i)1(n-)]tj
-1.8 -1.30001 td
0.018 tc
0.107 tw
[(tr)17(oducing traditional value education into the curriculum. )37(as i have)]tj
t*
0.005 tc
0.12 tw
[(suggested elsewher)18(e \(har)17(g)1(r)18(ove, 1996\), the most dir)18(ect way is to teach)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.012 tc
-0.001 tw
[(childr)18(en about the history of ideas that pr)17(oduced our contemporary values)]tj
t*
-0.002 tc
-0.01 tw
[(in terms of a eur)18(o-canadian heritage: the history of landscape gar)18(dening,)]tj
t*
0 tc
0 tw
[(landscape painting and photography)110(, natur)18(e poetry and pr)17(ose, and natu-)]tj
t*
0.098 tw
[(ral history science. the values that ar)18(ose out of these fields ar)18(e alr)18(eady)]tj
t*
-0.012 tc
0 tw
[(known to the childr)18(en, but they ar)16(e not able to articulate them verbally)110(. for)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.007 tw
(example, most people can take a well-composed photograph of a natural)tj
t*
-0.019 tc
(landscape with a camera, and even those who can\325t can usually tell whether)tj
t*
-0.006 tc
-0.007 tw
[(someone else has done a good job taking such a pictur)19(e. the standar)18(ds for)]tj
t*
-0.017 tc
0.004 tw
(such skills and such judgments ar)tj
14.367 0 td
-0.0168 tc
(e)tj
0.69952 0 td
-0.017 tc
(the principles of landscape painting and)tj
-15.06653 -1.3 td
0.003 tc
0.122 tw
[(photography in the 19th century)110(, which ar)17(e themselves the pr)18(oduct of)]tj
t*
-0.022 tc
0.009 tw
[(centuries of developments in techniques beginning with experiments in per)-1(-)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.011 tw
[(spective in the late middle )37(ages. curr)18(ently)110(, people know mor)18(e than they)]tj
t*
-0.017 tc
0.004 tw
[(c)-1(a)-1(n)-1( )-1(s)-1(a)-1(y)110(. by teaching this material, rather than r)16(elyi)1(ng on the curr)17(ent pr)17(o)-1(c)-1(e)-1(s)-1(s)]tj
t*
-0.02 tc
0.007 tw
[(of cultural osmosis, childr)19(en as futur)17(e adults can learn how to articulate aes-)]tj
t*
-0.013 tc
0 tw
[(thetic and other value judgments. if ultimately they ar)17(e unable to articulate)]tj
t*
-0.02 tc
0.008 tw
(these values, they will continue to r)tj
14.95072 0 td
(ely on economic value translation in pol)tj
16.91675 0 td
0 tc
(-)tj
-31.86747 -1.30001 td
0 tw
[(icy as we do today)111(.)]tj
1.8 -1.3 td
-0.009 tc
-0.004 tw
[(w)55(ith r)17(egar)18(d to social values within the first nation heritage, i have no)]tj
-1.8 -1.3 td
0.009 tc
0.116 tw
[(special expertise and r)18(ecommend that assistance be sought fr)18(om first)]tj
t*
-0.001 tc
-0.011 tw
(nation educators. the attempt to teach first nation cultural and spiritual)tj
t*
0 tc
0.124 tw
[(values can easily go astray thr)17(ough simplifications that lead to misun-)]tj
t*
0.006 tc
0.119 tw
(derstandings. for this r)tj
10.77679 0 td
(eason, and per)tj
6.75196 0 td
(haps others, ther)tj
7.71148 0 td
0.0059 tc
(e)tj
0.85984 0 td
0.006 tc
(may be some)tj
-26.10007 -1.30001 td
0 tc
(r)tj
0.37695 0 td
-0.01 tw
(eluctance to pr)tj
6.47535 0 td
(ovide these kinds of materials. it may be possible to mini)tj
25.01492 0 td
(-)tj
-31.86722 -1.30001 td
0.005 tc
0.119 tw
[(mize such pr)18(oblems by focusing simply on what first nation peoples)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.006 tc
-0.007 tw
[(would like for others to know about their values for the purposes of pr)18(op)-1(-)]tj
t*
0 tc
0 tw
(erly applying the )tj
7.81567 0 td
(y)tj
0.57715 0 td
(ukon envir)tj
4.96167 0 td
[(onment )37(act \(y)90(ukon t)91(erritory)111(, 1991\).)]tj
-11.55449 -1.30001 td
-0.0046 tc
(it)tj
0.89123 0 td
-0.005 tc
-0.008 tw
[(may be possible and appr)17(opriate to attend to the value perspectives)]tj
-2.69123 -1.3 td
-0.008 tc
-0.005 tw
[(of minority gr)17(oups within the )18(y)89(ukon and canada. t)92(o the degr)18(ee that these)]tj
t*
-0.014 tc
0.001 tw
[(values r)18(epr)17(esent the values of other countries and)-242(c)-5(u)-5(l)-5(t)-5(u)-5(r)12(e)-5(s)-5(,)-5( )-5(i)-5(t)-5( )-5(m)-5(i)-5(g)-5(h)-5(t)-5( )-5(b)-5(e)-5( )-5(b)-5(e)-5(s)-5(t)]tj
t*
0.008 tc
0.122 tw
[(to tr)17(eat such perspectives comparatively)111(. ther)18(e is some danger in the)]tj
t*
0.005 tc
0.022 tw
[(comparative appr)18(oach. it can send a message to childr)19(en)5( )5(t)5(h)5(a)5(t)5( )5(v)5(a)5(l)5(u)5(e)5(s)5( )5(a)5(r)22(e)]tj
t*
-0.008 tc
-0.005 tw
[(arbitrary and r)17(elative. however)74(, it can also be an opportunity to show that)]tj
t*
-0.021 tc
0.009 tw
(values ar)tj
3.8067 0 td
-0.0213 tc
(e)tj
0.6951 0 td
-0.021 tc
(not written in stone, that they have histories, that they could have)tj
-4.5018 -1.3 td
0 tc
0.001 tw
(evolved dif)tj
5.00222 0.00001 td
0 tw
(fer)tj
1.18848 0.00001 td
0.001 tw
[(ently)110(, and that they could change in the futur)17(e and to teach)]tj
-6.1907 -1.3 td
0 tw
[(r)18(espect for the values of other cultur)18(es and societies.)]tj
et
1 w 
0 0 0 1 k
72 53.842 m
396 53.842 l
s
0 0 0 0 k
72 38.921 324 11.857 re
f
72 38.902 324 11.8581 re
f
72 38.902 324 11.8581 re
f
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f3 1 tf
8.5 0 0 8.5 72 44.6589 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(130)tj
29.884 0.00001 td
(eug)tj
1.89843 0.00001 td
(ene har)tj
3.65234 0.00001 td
(gr)tj
0.97999 0.00001 td
(o)tj
0.59106 0.00001 td
(ve)tj
et
q

endstream
endobj
21 0 obj
<<
/length 6138
>>
stream
/gs0 gs
1 g
0 648 0 0 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
0 0 0 0 k
36 63 324 531 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 55 585.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.084 tw
(by focusing on the history of traditionally evolved social value, the)tj
-1.8 -1.30001 td
0.004 tw
[(kinds of debates that have hobbled value training ef)17(forts in the past, par)-1(-)]tj
0 -1.3 td
0.02 tc
0.146 tw
[(ticularly)110(, ethical r)18(elativism, can likely be avoided. the earlier value)]tj
0 -1.30001 td
0 tc
0.048 tw
[(appr)17(oaches wer)19(e objectionable in lar)17(ge part because they wer)17(e seen as a)]tj
t*
0.003 tc
0.122 tw
[(r)18(ejection of traditional value (bennett, 1980). furthermor)17(e, by teaching)]tj
0 -1.3 td
0.001 tc
0.124 tw
[(values as traditional, as sagof)18(f notes, childr)18(e)1(n)1( )1(a)1(r)19(e)1( )1(l)1(a)1(r)18(g)1(e)1(l)1(y)1( )1(b)1(e)1(i)1(n)1(g)1( )1(t)1(a)1(u)1(g)1(h)1(t)]tj
t*
-0.016 tc
0.003 tw
[(who they ar)17(e as a society \(sagof)18(f, 1988\). contr)18(oversy can also be minimized)]tj
t*
-0.021 tc
0.008 tw
[(by overtly tying the value training to the values that ar)16(e supposed to be pr)17(o-)]tj
t*
-0.004 tc
-0.009 tw
[(moted in envir)18(onmental and other laws. in this way)111(, the training becomes)]tj
t*
-0.015 tc
0.003 tw
[(training in citizenship, as well as ethical or moral training. this r)18(e)1(l)1(a)1(t)1(i)1(o)1(n)1(s)1(h)1(i)1(p)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.055 tw
[(can be found in )37(aristotle\325s ethics, wher)18(e he ar)18(gues that the )-1(same factors)]tj
t*
0.005 tc
0.12 tw
[(needed to make a moral person also pr)18(oduce a good citizen. ethics is)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.018 tw
[(fr)17(om the standpoint of the individual; politics fr)18(om the standpoint of the)]tj
t*
0 tw
(gr)tj
0.93286 0 td
[(oup or society)111(.)]tj
0.86714 -1.3 td
0.084 tw
[(pr)17(esenting this training in terms of envir)17(onmental citizenship has a)]tj
-1.8 -1.3 td
-0.002 tc
-0.01 tw
[(number of advantages. first, envir)18(onment canada has done a lot of work)]tj
t*
-0.008 tc
-0.004 tw
[(in this ar)18(ea and it is easily accessible on the w)92(orld w)55(ide w)91(eb \(for example,)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.114 tw
[(http://www)91(.ns.ec.gc.ca/udo/primer1.html\). further)75(, the idea has been)]tj
t*
0.02 tc
0.382 tw
[(picked up by the united nations envir)17(onment pr)18(ogramme \(see)]tj
t*
-0.006 tc
-0.006 tw
[(http://www)91(.ourplanet.com/imgversn/85/bar)18(cena.html\). envir)18(onmental)]tj
t*
0 tc
-0.003 tw
(citizenship is similar to stewar)tj
13.39859 0 td
(dship but unlike stewar)tj
10.4724 0 td
(dship is not an ele)tj
7.99625 0 td
(-)tj
-31.86724 -1.30001 td
-0.018 tc
0.005 tw
[(ment of the judaic, islamic, and christian traditions. because these r)19(eligious)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.014 tc
0.002 tw
[(connections could be a pr)18(oblem cr)18(ossculturally)111(, it might be better to use the)]tj
t*
-0.01 tc
0 tw
(term )tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 59.7928 286.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.01 tc
(stewardship)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 109.3744 286.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.01 tc
-0.002 tw
[(within those r)18(eligious traditions in which they have a nat)-1(-)]tj
-7.23744 -1.3 td
0 tc
0.053 tw
[(ural place and use the mor)18(e neutral term )]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 223.5433 273.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(citizenship)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 270.0839 273.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.053 tw
(in public education,)tj
-23.30839 -1.3 td
0 tw
[(wher)18(e many childr)17(en may be fr)18(om other r)18(eligious traditions.)]tj
1.8 -1.3 td
0.058 tw
(second, envir)tj
6.03709 0 td
(onmental citizenship can be associated with leopold\325s)tj
-7.83709 -1.3 td
-0.012 tw
(notion of \322plain member and citizen,\323 as he discusses it in his essay)tj
29.54017 0 td
-0.0003 tc
(,)tj
0.48706 0 td
0 tc
0 tw
(\322the)tj
-30.02724 -1.30001 td
-0.022 tc
0.01 tw
[(land ethic\323 (1949): \322. . . a land ethics changes the r)18(ole of homo sapiens fr)19(om)]tj
0 -1.3 td
0 tc
0.124 tw
[(conquer)18(or of the land-community to plain member and citizen of it. it)]tj
t*
-0.002 tc
-0.01 tw
(implies r)tj
3.85591 0 td
(espect for its fellow-members, and also r)tj
17.69665 0 td
(espect for the communi)tj
10.31449 0 td
0 tc
(-)tj
-31.86705 -1.30001 td
-0.008 tc
-0.005 tw
[(ty as such\323 (p. 220). the essay can be used to pr)18(esent a scientific, primarily)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.011 tc
-0.001 tw
[(ecological, sense of community)112(. it can also be used cr)18(ossculturally as a lead)]tj
t*
-0.015 tc
0.002 tw
[(in to r)17(espect both in the w)92(estern and indigenous senses \(that is, comparing,)]tj
t*
0 tc
0 tw
[(but not confusing them, or pr)17(esenting one as the other\). )]tj
1.8 -1.3 td
-0.014 tc
[(thir)18(d, )]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 83.7559 130.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.014 tc
(citizen)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 111.9794 130.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.014 tc
0.002 tw
(can be contrasted with )tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 211.0004 130.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.014 tc
(consumer)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 248.9386 130.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.0143 tc
(,)tj
0.47313 0 td
-0.014 tc
0.002 tw
[(to show childr)18(en the dif-)]tj
-21.667 -1.3 td
0.002 tc
0.055 tw
[(f)2(e)2(r)19(e)2(n)2(c)2(e)2( )2(b)2(e)2(t)2(w)2(e)2(e)2(n)-306(democratic decision and policy and personal economic)]tj
-0.0007 tc
(pr)'
0.9774 0 td
0 tc
-0.01 tw
[(e)1(f)1(e)1(r)18(ence. )37(as sagof)18(f has shown, the confusion of citizen pr)19(e)1(f)1(e)1(r)18(ences and)]tj
-0.9774 -1.3 td
-0.014 tc
0 tw
(consumer)tj
4.4874 0 td
-0.012 tc
(pr)tj
0.9554 0 td
-0.011 tc
0.004 tw
[(e)1(f)1(e)1(r)18(ences r)18(ests on a category mistake \(sagof)18(f, 1988\). clarifying)]tj
-5.4428 -1.3 td
0.005 tc
0.032 tw
[(the dif)18(fer)17(ences can help childr)18(en to understand that what they want for)]tj
et
1 w 
0 0 0 1 k
36 53.86 m
360 53.86 l
s
0 0 0 0 k
36 38.9391 324 11.858 re
f
36 38.91 324 11.858 re
f
36 38.902 324 11.8581 re
f
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f3 1 tf
8.5 0 0 8.5 36 44.6589 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(t)tj
0.531 0 td
(o)tj
0.596 0 td
(war)tj
1.7029 0 td
-0.0003 tc
(d)tj
0.7888 0 td
0 tc
(t)tj
0.551 0 td
[(eac)10(hing en)39(vir)20(onmental ethics)-18072(131)]tj
et
q

endstream
endobj
22 0 obj
<<
/length 5538
>>
stream
/gs0 gs
1 g
0 648 0 0 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
0 0 0 0 k
72 63 324 531 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 73 585.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.004 tw
[(p)-5(e)-5(r)-5(sonal use as a consumer of pr)18(oducts and what is best for them as part)]tj
0 -1.30001 td
0.006 tc
0.119 tw
[(of a community of citizens may not always be identical. sagof)18(f (1988))]tj
0 -1.3 td
0 tc
0 tw
(writes that:)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
9 0 0 9 91 536.1709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 tc
0.002 tw
(the choice comes down to this: not what ideals we shall serve, because we)tj
0 -1.16667 td
-0.013 tc
0 tw
[(know these\321fr)18(eedom, integrity)110(, justice, intelligence, power\321but what we)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.027 tw
[(shall mean by them. )37(and this question is answer)18(ed in our symbols. the)]tj
t*
-0.002 tw
[(paradigm, the symbol, if you will, of fr)18(eedom has been the wilderness, a)]tj
t*
-0.006 tw
[(deer)74(, a bear)73(, an eagle, a rapid river)74(. it could be a washing machine, a cof)1(-)]tj
t*
0 tw
[(fee per)17(colator)74(, a br)18(eakfast food. (p. 145) )]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 91 457.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.003 tc
-0.009 tw
[(because i have no expertise as an elementary school teacher)75(, as a high)]tj
-1.8 -1.3 td
0 tc
0.095 tw
[(school teacher)74(, or as a primary or secondary school teacher educator)75(, it)]tj
t*
-0.018 tc
0.006 tw
(would be pr)tj
5.20428 0 td
(esumptuous of me to suggest the way in which my suggestions)tj
-5.20428 -1.3 td
0.005 tc
0.12 tw
(should be carried out. my own experience as a university teacher has)tj
t*
0 tc
-0.008 tw
[(been that ther)17(e is seldom one best way)111(, that various ways work well with)]tj
t*
-0.005 tc
0 tw
(dif)tj
1.20364 0 td
(fer)tj
1.17557 0 td
-0.004 tc
-0.008 tw
(ent 世界�2022赛程表淘汰赛
. it seems r)tj
10.00187 0 td
(easonable to conclude that such would be the)tj
-12.38108 -1.30001 td
-0.02 tc
0.007 tw
(case at the primary and secondary school levels as well. whatever appr)tj
30.18741 0 td
0 tw
(oach)tj
-30.18741 -1.3 td
-0.016 tc
0.003 tw
[(is taken, however)74(, it should involve, i would hope, the opportunity for chil)-1(-)]tj
t*
-0.007 tc
-0.005 tw
[(dr)18(en to use value language. if childr)17(en cannot become comfortable talking)]tj
t*
-0.002 tc
-0.011 tw
[(about values as childr)18(en, they will not be able to do so when they become)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.046 tw
[(adults either)74(. judging by the kinds of pr)17(oblems that have arisen in envi)-1(-)]tj
t*
-0.002 tc
-0.01 tw
[(r)18(onmental ethics pr)18(ofessional literatur)18(e, emphasis should also be given to)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.073 tw
(distinguishing between values and valuing that ar)tj
22.62975 0 td
-0.0002 tc
(e)tj
0.80201 0 td
0 tc
(personal pr)tj
5.11786 0 td
0 tw
(efer)tj
1.66724 0 td
(ence)tj
-30.21686 -1.30001 td
0.064 tw
[((sometimes called personal taste) and values and valuing that r)18(epr)18(esent)]tj
0 -1.3 td
0.079 tw
[(br)17(oader social perspectives. the former ar)19(e values that people cr)18(eate or)]tj
t*
0.124 tw
(make up individually)tj
9.75192 0 td
0.0005 tc
(,)tj
0.62531 0 td
0 tc
[(which may be arbitrary)110(,)-1( )-1(a)-1(n)-1(d)-1( )-1(m)-1(a)-1(y)-1( )-1(m)-1(e)-1(r)17(ely r)17(eflect)]tj
-10.37723 -1.3 td
0.102 tw
(how they happen to feel. the latter)tj
15.98132 0 td
-0.0001 tc
(,)tj
0.60224 0 td
0 tc
0 tw
(however)tj
3.80517 0 td
-0.0001 tc
(,)tj
0.60232 0 td
0 tc
(ar)tj
0.87712 0 td
-0.0001 tc
(e)tj
0.83124 0 td
0 tc
(mor)tj
1.80567 0 td
-0.0001 tc
(e)tj
0.83121 0 td
0 tc
0.102 tw
(substantial and)tj
-25.33628 -1.30001 td
0.007 tw
(should be taught as the framework within which such arbitrary personal)tj
0 -1.3 td
0 tw
[(pr)17(efer)18(ences ar)18(e made. )]tj
1.8 -1.3 td
0.024 tw
[(finally)110(, ther)18(e should be a str)17(ong emphasis on the dif)18(fer)18(ence between)]tj
-1.8 -1.3 td
-0.003 tc
-0.01 tw
(valuing things for human use and valuing them for their own sake. these)tj
t*
-0.019 tc
0 tw
(tw)tj
1.12277 0 td
-0.0237 tc
(o)tj
0.75467 0 td
-0.024 tc
0.006 tw
(kinds of valuing, instr)tj
9.21436 0 td
(umental valuing and intrinsic valuing, distinguish)tj
-11.0918 -1.30001 td
-0.005 tc
0.085 tw
(between pr)tj
5.00381 0 td
[(udence and ethics, between egoism and altr)8(uism. t)92(o be sur)18(e,)]tj
-5.00381 -1.3 td
-0.009 tw
(many types of values can be taught, for example, as rolston notes, market)tj
t*
0.049 tw
(or economic value, life support value, r)tj
17.38717 0.00001 td
0 tw
(ecr)tj
1.28457 0.00001 td
0.049 tw
(eational value, scientific value,)tj
-18.67174 -1.30001 td
-0.005 tw
[(genetic diversity value,  aesthetic value, cultural symbolization value, his)-1(-)]tj
t*
-0.027 tc
0.009 tw
(torical value, character building value, therapeutic value, r)tj
24.29766 0.00001 td
(eligious value, and)tj
-24.2977 -1.3 td
-0.021 tc
0.003 tw
[(intrinsic natural value, as well as dif)18(fer)17(ent levels of value, market price, indi-)]tj
t*
-0.028 tc
0.011 tw
[(vidual pr)18(e)1(f)1(e)1(r)18(ence value, individual good value, social pr)19(e)1(f)1(e)1(r)18(ence value, social)]tj
t*
-0.01 tc
-0.008 tw
[(good value, or)18(ganismic value, and ecosytemic value (rolston, 1985). when)]tj
t*
-0.019 tc
0.002 tw
[(attending to such values, however)74(, the link between personal and social val-)]tj
et
1 w 
0 0 0 1 k
72 53.842 m
396 53.842 l
s
0 0 0 0 k
72 38.921 324 11.857 re
f
72 38.91 324 11.858 re
f
72 38.902 324 11.8581 re
f
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f3 1 tf
8.5 0 0 8.5 72 44.6589 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(132)tj
29.884 0.00001 td
(eug)tj
1.89843 0.00001 td
(ene har)tj
3.65234 0.00001 td
(gr)tj
0.97999 0.00001 td
(o)tj
0.59106 0.00001 td
(ve)tj
et
q

endstream
endobj
23 0 obj
<<
/length 9099
>>
stream
/gs0 gs
1 g
0 648 0 0 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
0 0 0 0 k
36 63 324 531 re
f
q
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 37 585.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.005 tc
0.004 tw
[(ues and the values that ar)17(e to be pr)18(omoted in the )17(y)90(ukon envir)18(onment )37(act)]tj
0 -1.30001 td
-0.007 tc
-0.011 tw
[(\(y)90(ukon t)91(errir)18(oty)110(, 1991\) and other envir)18(onmental laws should never be for)1(-)]tj
0 -1.3 td
-0.005 tc
0 tw
(gotten, maintaining the link between ethics and citizenship.)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f0 1 tf
10 0 0 10 149.1279 525.0709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(notes on contributor)tj
-11.21279 -2.38 td
0.014 tc
0.111 tw
(eugene hargrove)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 123.1328 501.271 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.014 tc
0.111 tw
(is the founding editor of the journal )tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 296.3909 501.271 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.014 tc
[(envir)18(onmental)]tj
-25.93909 -1.3 td
-0.013 tc
(ethics)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 61.4231 488.2709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.0126 tc
(,)tj
0.47474 0 td
-0.013 tc
(the author of )tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
10 0 0 10 124.0855 488.2709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.013 tc
[(foundations of envir)18(onmental ethics)]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
10 0 0 10 271.0713 488.2709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.0126 tc
(,)tj
0.47474 0 td
-0.013 tc
(and the chair of the)tj
-23.88187 -1.3 td
-0.009 tc
-0.004 tw
(department of philosophy and religion studies at the university of north)tj
t*
0 tc
-0.007 tw
[(t)92(exas, which of)18(fers a master of arts in philosophy with a concentration in)]tj
t*
0 tw
[(envir)18(onmental ethics.)]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f0 1 tf
10 0 0 10 173.0085 414.6709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(references)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
9 0 0 9 37 393.3709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.005 tc
0.12 tw
(aristotle. (n.d.). )tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
9 0 0 9 104.9752 393.3709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.005 tc
0.12 tw
(nicomachean ethics)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
9 0 0 9 178.6348 393.3709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.0052 tc
(.)tj
0.63014 0 td
0.005 tc
0.12 tw
[(\(t)90(rans. philip wheelwright, bobbs-merrill,)]tj
-14.36734 -1.16666 td
0 tc
0 tw
(1951\).)tj
-2 -1.16667 td
(bennett, w)tj
4.79199 0 td
(.j. (december 1980). getting ethics. )tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
9 0 0 9 220.5266 372.3709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(commentary)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
9 0 0 9 268.0183 372.3709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(,)tj
0.49993 0 td
(62-65.)tj
-26.16863 -1.16667 td
0.002 tc
0.123 tw
(douglas-hamilton, i. & douglas-hamilton, o. (1975).)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
9 0 0 9 259.2679 361.8709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.002 tc
0.123 tw
(among the elephants)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
9 0 0 9 338.2653 361.8709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.0016 tc
(.)tj
0.62656 0 td
0.002 tc
[(ny)74(:)]tj
-32.10048 -1.16667 td
0 tc
(v)tj
0.66699 0 td
[(iking pr)17(ess. )]tj
-2.66699 -1.16667 td
-0.009 tc
-0.004 tw
(friedman, f)tj
5.16013 0 td
-0.0088 tc
(.)tj
0.47868 0 td
-0.009 tc
0 tw
((1953). )tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
9 0 0 9 115.5787 340.8709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.009 tc
-0.004 tw
(essays in positive economics)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
9 0 0 9 216.8379 340.8709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.0088 tc
(.)tj
0.47859 0 td
-0.009 tc
-0.004 tw
(chicago and london: university of)tj
-18.46058 -1.16667 td
0 tc
0 tw
[(chicago pr)18(ess..)]tj
-2 -1.16667 td
0.001 tc
0.124 tw
[(har)18(gr)17(ove, e.c. (1989). )]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
9 0 0 9 130.3419 319.8709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.001 tc
0.124 tw
[(the foundations of envir)18(onmental ethics)]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
9 0 0 9 280.7874 319.8709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.0014 tc
(.)tj
0.62626 0 td
0.001 tc
0.124 tw
[(englewood clif)18(fs:)]tj
-25.71375 -1.16667 td
0 tc
0 tw
(pr)tj
0.98071 0 td
(entice hall.)tj
-2.98071 -1.16667 td
0.018 tw
[(har)18(gr)17(ove, e.c. (1996). the r)18(ole of socially evolved ideals in envir)19(onmental ethics)]tj
2 -1.16667 td
0.01 tc
0.114 tw
[(education in canada and the )18(y)89(ukon: )37(a)-320(historical appr)17(oach involving the)]tj
t*
0 tc
0.007 tw
(humanities. in bob jickling (ed.), )tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
9 0 0 9 188.656 277.8709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(a)tj
0.94171 0 td
0.007 tw
(colloquium on envir)tj
8.08753 0 td
(onment, ethics, and edu)tj
9.56514 0 td
(-)tj
-33.44505 -1.16668 td
0 tw
(cation)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
9 0 0 9 79.4006 267.3709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
[((pp. 20-31). whitehorse: )18(y)89(ukon college.)]tj
-4.71118 -1.16667 td
-0.012 tw
[(leopold, a. )-37((1949). )]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
9 0 0 9 114.998 256.8709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.025 tw
[(a)-238(sand county almanac, and sketches her)16(e and ther)18(e)]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
9 0 0 9 308.2154 256.8709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.0001 tc
(.)tj
0.5252 0 td
0 tc
0.025 tw
[(ny)74(: oxfor)17(d)]tj
-28.66025 -1.16667 td
0 tw
(university pr)tj
5.91601 0 td
(ess.)tj
-7.91601 -1.16667 td
-0.008 tc
-0.005 tw
[(moor)18(e, g. e. (1903). )]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
9 0 0 9 115.7446 235.8709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.008 tc
-0.005 tw
(principia ethica)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
9 0 0 9 171.6372 235.8709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.008 tc
(.)tj
0.4794 0 td
-0.005 tw
[(cambridge: cambridge university pr)18(ess, 1903.)]tj
-15.43909 -1.16667 td
0.02 tc
0.439 tw
[(norton, b.g. (1984). envir)18(onmental ethics and weak anthr)17(opocentrism.)]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
9 0 0 9 55 214.8709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(envir)tj
2.31568 0 td
(onmental ethics)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
9 0 0 9 134.7388 214.8709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(,)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
9 0 0 9 139.2388 214.8709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(6)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
9 0 0 9 143.7388 214.8709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
((2), 131-148. )tj
-11.85987 -1.16667 td
0.027 tw
(norton, b.g. (1988). )tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
9 0 0 9 118.8577 204.3709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.027 tw
[(why pr)18(eserve natural variety?)]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
9 0 0 9 233.1459 204.3709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.027 tw
(princeton: princeton university)tj
-19.79399 -1.16667 td
0 tw
[(pr)17(ess.)]tj
-2 -1.16667 td
-0.015 tc
0.003 tw
(orwell, g. (1963). )tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
9 0 0 9 106.496 183.3709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 tc
(orwell\325)tj
2.94934 0 td
-0.0154 tc
(s)tj
0.61098 0 td
-0.015 tc
0.003 tw
[(ninteen eight-four: t)110(ext, sour)17(ces, criticism)]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
9 0 0 9 287.7985 183.3709 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 tc
0.003 tw
((i. howe, ed.). ny)tj
-25.8665 -1.16667 td
0 tc
0 tw
[(and burlingame: har)18(court, brace & w)92(orld. )]tj
-2 -1.16667 td
(public law 88-577, in u.s., statutes at lar)tj
18.30957 0 td
(ge 78 (3 september 1964), pp. 890-91.)tj
-18.30957 -1.16667 td
[(public law 91-190, in u.s., statutes at lar)18(ge 83 (1 january 1970), p. 852.)]tj
t*
(public law 93-205, in u.s., statutes at lar)tj
18.30957 0 td
(ge 87 (28 december 1973), p. 884.)tj
-18.30957 -1.16667 td
(rolston, h., iii (1985). v)tj
10.52027 0.00001 td
(aluing wildland. )tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
9 0 0 9 199.9185 130.871 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(envir)tj
2.31567 0.00001 td
(onmental ethics)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
9 0 0 9 279.6572 130.871 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(,)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
9 0 0 9 284.1572 130.871 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(7)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
9 0 0 9 288.6572 130.871 tm
0 0 0 1 k
((1), 23-48.)tj
-27.96191 -1.16667 td
0.007 tc
0.118 tw
[(sagof)18(f, m. (1988). )]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
9 0 0 9 112.3103 120.371 tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.007 tc
0.118 tw
[(the economy of the earth: philosophy)37(, law)55(, and the envir)17(o)1(n)1(m)1(e)1(n)1(t)]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
9 0 0 9 356.7489 120.371 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(.)tj
-33.5277 -1.1667 td
(cambridge: cambridge university pr)tj
16.61768 0.00001 td
(ess.)tj
-18.6177 -1.1667 td
(y)tj
0.5708 0 td
-0.007 tc
-0.006 tw
[(ukon t)92(erritory)110(.)-1( )-1(\()-1(1)-1(9)-1(9)-1(1)-1(\))-1(.)-1( )]tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
9 0 0 9 130.5338 99.371 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.007 tc
(envir)tj
2.28371 0.00001 td
-0.006 tw
(onment act)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
9 0 0 9 190.8557 99.371 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.0065 tc
(.)tj
0.48083 0 td
-0.007 tc
(whitehorse:)tj
5.52585 0.00001 td
-0.006 tw
[(y)89(ukon government, queen\325s)]tj
-21.1018 -1.1667 td
0 tc
0 tw
(printer)tj
2.9966 0 td
(.)tj
-4.9966 -1.1667 td
(y)tj
0.5696 0 td
-0.008 tc
-0.005 tw
(ukon w)tj
3.3942 0 td
(olf management t)tj
7.89101 0.00001 td
(eam. (1992). )tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f1 1 tf
9 0 0 9 192.4631 78.371 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.008 tc
-0.005 tw
(the y)tj
2.28218 0.00001 td
(ukon wolf conservation and management)tj
-17.5559 -1.1667 td
0 tc
0 tw
(plan)tj
et
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f2 1 tf
9 0 0 9 70.9983 67.871 tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.0001 tc
(.)tj
0.4997 0 td
0 tc
(government of )tj
6.95948 0.00001 td
[(y)90(ukon:)-250(y)89(ukon.)]tj
et
1 w 
0 0 0 1 k
36 53.86 m
360 53.86 l
s
0 0 0 0 k
36 38.9391 324 11.858 re
f
36 38.91 324 11.858 re
f
36 38.902 324 11.8581 re
f
q
/gs2 gs
/gs1 gs
q
bt
/f3 1 tf
8.5 0 0 8.5 36 44.6589 tm
0 0 0 1 k
(t)tj
0.531 0 td
(o)tj
0.596 0 td
(war)tj
1.7029 0 td
-0.0003 tc
(d)tj
0.7888 0 td
0 tc
(t)tj
0.551 0 td
[(eac)10(hing en)39(vir)20(onmental ethics)-18072(133)]tj
et
q

endstream
endobj
24 0 obj
<<
/nums[0<</st 114/s/d>>]
>>
endobj
25 0 obj
<<
/differences[32/space 58/colon 65/a 67/c 69/e 72/h 76/l 78/n 80/p 82/r/s/t 86/v 97/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i 108/l/m/n/o/p 114/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y 142/eacute]
/baseencoding/macromanencoding
/type/encoding
>>
endobj
26 0 obj
<<
/subtype/type1c
/length 8549
/length1 8549
>>
stream




ugcvdi+palatino-bold

7ûèþk*¬
ˆ?‹‹
ˆ?‹‹b^«‘!_


#5pxbse
fdijoh&wnumtyq1c-vg47"3Ïz/$)%
$ø
�xg,03´Ðu	“3æ�-ͼ'ëã¼¥‡ža[d?bõ fú
þ”ûú”þtàútû@þtÀù`ùc”ã÷
ˆ…÷Ý;�[‘|“{“�˜‡�ƒ¨ˆâ‹÷$øë÷3Œæ�£÷#×͈†Âœ‰–‰�ˆ�†�}�s’[�z�wÞ�÷ ŒÔŒ‘Œ©�¯‘´�•k‡l‰mŠr‰ûŠû<‹ü(û8ûŒ�rgŒj�l�‚��i�k�n‹y�>ŽûÞŒÅ�¿”ºŽž�—��ŽŽ˜Ž¡�Á�ËŽÓ‹÷#�wŒ0û7üëû$‡4„o…x�~|ƒ|ƒ\…;‰9‘÷÷
Žêø}÷dè5Ý÷a÷+çß�­Õ¶Ÿ´ª³³²³ªÁ£Í¢Í—Ù‹å‹÷0b÷
;Ü;Ûû	´û.‹$‹1x>e=eqseadax-‹ûû;³ûÝ5÷hù›½£®© © ®–³‹¹‹³|¬o¬n¤xœbœb”4‹%‹û&u)ayke_xu‹k‹y¤i½wÖq÷÷fê“Óœ½ú´øȃ×÷p ½¤Ã§É§É¶çÅ÷÷5ü•s¯4Ëû,÷7³÷­õ¡Ì“£›¸À÷2§ÛžÃ—©§Øœ¶�”�“‘““‘“‘“�•ŽŽ‹¤�»ŽÚ‰9eŠomiŒ�d<Ó‡µ‡•‡•‡‘�‹{‹�‡x…n|q|x}](ûºû¯ù!%oû!oûûbüû
ø[„¥ˆž‹˜–�“”�“™µ�ÓÚ‰0,Š)+1Œ�7<‰®ˆ™†“ˆ’‡�…•}œ\£<•i¡;¯ûßû¾–b“k‘u”a‘rŽƒ÷7ø
úäƒ�…“‰—„¤ˆÓ‹÷‹±Œ¼�ÇŽå�‹¡‹½†´ƒ¬ƒ«{ªu¨u§h¤\ \ o–c‹^h‡„sy…k|_s^r\nzj…ûÏ|µðš•˜‘—�’¥¦�¨ÑÀvb®­a›oŠ<ûuûn"f_{j{v{v{wqyiyh‚_‹u‹;Ÿm´a´aÄuÔ‹¦‹¨�©‘÷	åÒ¿£›‚û”€¿ŽÂ�ËÆωˆØÖr�i��‘ûž÷+ypsumzmymƒm‹g‹o–u£u¢�¬‹¶‹±”ª�¤�¤« ºœºœ¿šÄ—û‡÷'ø¾àg�t��’€‘„”ˆ—ˆ—‰ª‹¿‰÷ïíŒÃŽš�¤œ¤§£§£­˜³‹¨‹¦„¤}š‚›|œuµ˜Œ–�·�Ù‘÷"“wt�sclƒ{syqqibsmjf`_�÷^p—[u`{e�e�;{û
w>ɉ±‡˜‡“ˆ�‡�…�…Žs�a�6�c‹pûaŠl‹y‡2Šg‡s…†ƒ„…‚ˆwƒgˆw‹>Ž÷ö�óç߉ˆ×Ø9“øíúØà€�ƒ‘‡“†“ˆ¢‰±‡¿Š¼‹¹è÷ÍŒ÷ˆ�÷bª�ô“÷gqšû_ûnû"}aÔ‰´‰”‰“‰’†�…‘‚Žu�iŽc�m‹y‹_Šb‰ewŸg—v�v�qŽk‹w‹a„kkukawaw^g|yuqyg{]um�f‹=‹û!¯ûÔ:Ó:çc÷‹µ‹¬�¥•Ÿ™ œ¡ŸÁ»¾¶¹²‰9†<”ƒ÷hŽ÷fˆÓm�g���û­ønû‡<„q„qupfofo`}z‹i‹w£e¼wÍqè‹÷‹Ì’Å™½™½¡¯¨¡¨¡±—¹‹¿‹¼~·r¢}©o°_‘ûlûø
ú÷jwqaykƒkƒh‡e‹3‹a©oÈoÈjÞ†õÍ••‹Œ”“¹ŒŒÝÝÍŽ�½›©�”¹­‘¤‘œ‘ŒœŒ�‹ž‹ÝÒsÅsÅcºr±q°bž2‹k‹t€]wqcssgsfhr~~uuyi{[sf€=‹4‹o‘s—y—xž^¦e¦dªj¯q¯p¶v½|½|ƃ͋‹¼‘·–śã­·ís§ûýø
/iŽ‘dˆñ›Ô®¸­·¶¡¿‹½‹µv«aª`™a‰!c…zˆq‹÷—ùÞ÷/q}q�o„o„mˆl‹f‹qš\ª\ªe¼oÍnÍ}׋ߋɒÁ™·™·¡ª©ž©�³•¾‹µ¯ƒ}©¨}¡x™u‘n�_�pÙ�Ø�¹�š¤÷7�œk™i•f’’fc�awb…kw„hwwjû.*owtu{urixc~_}^…r‹e‹-—a¥s®;¿nÏaÏaãu÷‹½‹µ�¯“¯•¹�Ũ·ìx¢øíúÓå‘„•ˆš† ‰Ó‹÷‹³Œ¿�Ë�á�¿‹�‹À†¶�¬�¬{ªt§s§k¡bœbœ\”w‹yz‚y]ûdû&ëòŒ÷Ž÷
“÷‚u—;qnza‚a�g�-€a¹‰¨‰—‰œˆ—‡“‡�ˆ�‡Ž‡�ƒŽp�_�3Ž*‹ ûØ8Š-‰!‰!‡k‡wˆ�‡„††††ƒ‡�‰�ˆhˆp‰<÷Œ’Ÿ‹ñˆ÷j‡Ú>�v�|Ž��…�†�ˆ�‡�‰‘‰“ˆ™‰»‰Û‰ÛŠÎ‹¿÷µŽ¦‘˜›®¢§ª ©Ÿ¯–µ‹Ã‹·y©h©h›l‹1ûvxŠ_‰g}ûe•�÷�Ï� ‹©Í‰‰ïÚkŒf�€‘«÷~{mm}ga`šg©mm©¯|µµ¯š©©©©š¯¶µ|¯m©©mgša`g|mmäú‰÷ò‰‰êÙe�`‘y”ƒ�…“‰—… ‰Ð‹÷÷èæ�í“ós˜nrsyxw?'�?ØŠ¸†™ƒ‘‡�‚Ž~‘nŽû‹ûd‹û,‡,…gˆy„�…€…`…a†a�Ôà�ëøí�Ýl�w�‚“‚“…œˆ¦ˆ¥‰Ñ‹÷Šò–‹•Œ“ŒŸŒ¼×Ά¼�«�«y©s¨r¨m¢g›g›v“d‹p‹v‰|ˆ|ˆy…uƒûjû&÷5p—[u`{e�e�;{û
w>ɉ±‡˜‡“ˆ�‡�…�…Žs�a�6�c‹pûaŠl‹y‡2Šg‡s…†ƒ„…‚ˆwƒgˆw‹>�Îê�÷ô䉉ÔØ[�o�ƒ�s�|�ƒ‘…Ž‡�ˆ“†•ˆŸ‹«ˆÑŠÇ‹¼÷<Šè�À�™“¡ž¢ª¡©¡²—º‹¹‹±§u§u�m”g”f�>‹û<†û8ƒ%‡rŠ}�y»�ÅŽÍ‹ÄÕˆ‡æØq�x�€Œø}÷>÷7„vˆx{l˜p¥s§u¬~¯‡ƒˆhwkgixu|€€�zƒt‚u‡q‹o‹[˜^§a¦b»gÏmÏmã|÷‹÷÷
¦ÁïٷƳβϟ֋ދÃ�¸x­w­n¤dœc›t”c‹ûŠ…3t��u{Ž~’‚–‚•‡—‹—‹™�š–›•››š —°‡¨Š ‹Ø‹Ô™Ð©Ð¨Áµ±Â±ÁžÊ‹Óª†«ƒ­÷2™÷2‡u‰w‹|pŒ�eg§^ v™v™q“m‹-‹:zekejx_ktjt{p‹l‹\“`�e�d¢l©s©s²w½yû&�y‚t‚n÷Šù-­©³œ¾Àµxf©©ešj.h€yvj]m_tswbž³kk²{Íç֙©­Ýýç÷Ü‹ˆ¯®Š§…ŸŸ�š|–w–y‘o‹g‹aomtzt[<r#‹'‹a y³y´s¾‹Ç‹¯”¬�§�©°«Â­°Œ©‹£‹øíø]‘Ç÷
Š‰÷3÷5ˆÙ‹È�¶�˜˜‹à’÷
š÷9}1ok‡�†…‡‰}‚e„n‡n†i‰c‹a‹k�u�‰­Š³‹»ø<�µÀ�ÌÓƇ„¹Ÿ‡šƒ“~•y�[‹>á‡÷o�÷p:‰o‡aƒr‡�†„…‡…‡vˆg‹+ˆtŠ|‹y‹\Œ^�÷a÷�ê•×�ÉÇŽÇÊ̇„Í·†¦†”…�‡�„Ž‚�yŽz�=Ù‘ᎻŒ•ž÷$„˜{�€�…‹�a[�sû_†û‰%Š0‹a_‹Œ]û|�6Ù‡»…�ƒ‘‡�†�…’z�]�@�ûŒj‹züvwˆ7†ûˆlˆ^‡oqwkwcyu�÷b÷�›ø}ùƒœ²¨Ò³ñŸ¿ž¹�²³ãé÷h·í¨Ç™¡’—““”�”�©�½‘Û‰;gŠrojŒ�g=͈²‡•…•…�ƒ‹�‹€‡z…t}\pec-nû)jû*ƒ›|²tÇdí;÷ed÷
‡�‹‘�‘����’�”�©�­Ž²‹Ú‰87Š60.Œ�-=³Š©…��–ƒ–|–t«a¢x—m÷ûâºû´!­/÷c“÷á�ð≉ÓØv�lŽ‚Ž~Ž‚�†’…‘ˆ›Š¥‡»‰Ð‹å÷cŠç�¿�˜“¡ž¢ª¢©¡±—¸‹³‹¬�¥x¥xœs“o“o�[‹gû"‰ûe‹tˆh‡|†|…�ƒ†ƒ†yˆn‰w‰z‰‰>�Æç�÷÷à‰‰ÇØz�pŽe�w�Ž…�ƒ�†’‡•‡”ˆœ‹¤‰Ü‰ï÷†ŠÀŽ®’�’�žž©¡©¡¯–¶‹±‹ª‚¤y¤y�s–l•l‘@‹û
?v‰l‰bûi™xº�ÄŽÏ‹ÆÖˆ†çØp�x��Œl�w�‚“‚“…�‡©‡©ŠÏ‹öó–‹•Œ“Œ£Œ»Õ͆½�«�«z©s§s§l¡g›g›x”i‹q‹w‰|ˆ|ˆy…vƒûjû&pÇi¶b¥b¥o˜;‹q‹w‰|ˆ|ˆy…vƒûjû&÷5p—[u`{e�e�;{û
w>ɉ±‡˜‡“ˆ�‡�…�…Žs�a�6�c‹pûaŠl‹y‡2Šg‡s…†ƒ„…‚ˆwƒgˆw‹>�Íæ�÷«÷+ù�¦û‹‡ûÞ‹o¡z·cd·ÈwÙ  �ŽŸŸ�£’¥–¡¡¤¦©©¯¯{´u†zˆ}‰}‰y‹uŒe‹o“w�w�€£‰«‰�ŠÈ‹ò÷âì퉑‹“‹“�œ÷]„hˆ3‹j”÷c’÷•óqŸ9eawˆŠwƒa}kv�dŽp‹[û}€}�}‚1r^�¬®Œ°«øœâ|���…�†Žˆ�‰�‡‘‰›Š¤‰¤‰Ó‰÷‰»‹Ó‹ì÷”÷8�÷�÷“÷^v—7qixz�y�i�9ƒa½‰©‰•Šœˆ˜‡“†�ˆ�‡Ž‡�‚ŽoŽ]�4Ž+‹#ûÞ9Š-‰!‰!‡l‡w‰€‡ƒ††††„‡�‰}‡e‰l‰<�÷ñŽæå∆ßÛmŽi�…�÷—ð÷'‰uˆg†x–|ÊuÁ|·‚·„¸†º‹÷‹÷­ØÏØϲދ…­««{¥u¡u m�g™q”z–a™a™y–p”o“w˜}�}œ„¦‹¯‹®š©ª¥ª¤·˜Ä‹³‹¯„©~©}¥w q‘o�n�mŒyŒŒ„ØŠ�äŽÄ�£�£Ž¢�£ˆ•f�b™^•]”z�u‹û‹'lfneni?‹/‹w•^¡e e©n±x±wÂzÕ{Õ{½~¥‚¬{¡z–y–y‘t‹o‹`zgjmim[|m‹\‹b“g�g�j¦m°‡žˆºˆÖ;…û<û÷$úmm|f`_šfªml©°|·µ°šªª©©›°·¶{°m©©mf›`_e{mmýmm|f`_šfªmm©°{·µ°›©ª©©›°·¶{°m©©mf›`_e{mmø
¸¹¬Œ‹ ¡¨Š‹¯¸Ñ±Ã©·›¢´ÃÍäØûÇ)¨y¡h›vŒ§²Œ»ßÍŠŠ½Ùa‘r�ƒ�ƒŽ�–�q­hÃ_Ùû%÷ŽáóÌÙºÁ§§§§�›•�•�£Ž²ŽÙûˆ‚‹pŒ^�ûû>qeh]`ug÷[Ún²n²nªm£.s'u!w›@Ž¥��——–ˆ‡••‡•ƒ–€œx�t�p½7÷ûlû.û]0ûpw{l…\‰=øíø²{†¨¨ˆ§®ª�“¦ž‘Ÿ“¡™˜“¡œª¥©¤­¥¯¦¯¥¥¡››Ÿ Ÿ¦�«�«œ¶šÁ™Á“Á‹Â‹áwÕcÇcÇx¸m¨_Ÿr•e‹k‹s‰y‡y‡v„q�}~�‚……'9sw{~�ƒŽ÷<tšusvyyx@(�=ÍŠ±‰•‡”‡’†�„‘�fŽl�l�b‹7ücˆûkˆ3ˆrˆp‰�ˆƒ†ƒ†……†ƒˆ}†eˆo‹<÷š’÷Ñ„Ú7’^�…Œ{�€�…’…”ˆž‹©ø©�¨„©…2ùu£§©£±ž±�°•°‹±‹®‚«y«y¥užq�qšh–a•a‘^‹\‹a€ivsvrncfssfa[gh’›ji›k¢m«ø~øí÷b›‡—ˆ‘‡‘‡�†Ž†�‚Ž}�w�wŒx�;�ûpûõû‡û„!ˆc‡s‡‚‡„‡†…ˆw�]…aŠ3�áå�êá÷‰‡÷?ãû”z��…�…�†‘‰’…šˆ°‰ÅˆïŠë‹éøŽ÷x‹Û�Ç�µ“¹´�±ÙÉt]··]¡f03via]]auuk€Œ�~~�}�}�vuœn—s’yŸ†Ÿ‡Ÿ‰Ÿ‰ Š¡‹ß‹ÛŸÕµÕµÂÀ®Ì®Ë�ы׋ÖxÈg»gº_¬y��xf”4üs‚û¼’8÷„øí÷8“…�{�s“@�ûe‹û¬‹û°„û‡~û_¹zãÕ»m·w²~€±³„´ǽ”œ²–‘¾¬æËæʼ®‘‘µ¶­Â¥Ï¤Ï˜Ñ‹Ó‹÷hêfÒeÑ0¯û‹^‹f…n�n€kwhoû
'÷p·Ž÷4’÷©ƒ‘‚��Ž!`ûnû+{cÕ‡¶†–„÷öü´Ÿ¯³–¸ÒÆou»ºt£<#e€kwqwqnagqgq`[‹]‹a•d¡n›p¤s¯‰È‹â‹÷‹ß‹Ï�¿�¥¥¢¯ øíøg”¶Ø‰‰÷‡÷$ÚŠ—àÊŒ�´ž�žŽŸ‘‹—Ž±‘ˤ÷^ŽŒ–�ž8~i~q~y…w…~†‡…†{‡p‡?3…&‹i‹m�/�ŠŸŠÃ‹é‹éŠé‹ëŠ÷h‹ì‹—÷ŒçŽÕŽÔŽ´�”Ž”�’“�›“¹‘×�ã‡û
û‰û
û
*��73ᇾ…›�’‡�…Žƒ‘y�cŽûŒyŒû‹ûf‹û$‰û‰%ˆ%ˆoˆ{Š‡‰‡‰ˆ‡…‚…}ƒkxs~z„x‘÷îŽÍøí÷;ù«–†“„�‚��Žs‹e�ûguŠ_‹i‰kŠf�9¤i¿zz¾Òr幺”›¹÷öžœ¢ž¥ dŠq‹…>’ƒ÷q�÷b†ÛeŽb�’ƒ�†”‰—…§ˆ×‹÷÷aš�Ô‘÷–÷lx–1nlyfƒeƒe€$~?Ò‡´‡•ˆ•‡‘‡�…‘�Žp‹]�û"û?t‡gƒz~ptqkrjrc[‹a‹i•r¡q {«…µ†«‰Ê‹ë÷÷�÷•÷}–0lavqqqƒrˆ?ˈ±‡—‡÷'÷ì�÷é†Ø4‘^�‡Œ{��„‘„‘†’ˆ•‡˜ˆ²‰Ì‰Ë‹Ï‹Ó÷Ó�Å®Œ—�›ŠŠ©ð‰›ä�—�–�—~•a‡y‰rŠû
Š÷õ�Γ¦��–™›–¡™ª“²‹¥‹¡‡�„œ„ž~Ÿy³�‰È�ΖÓe—h‘k‹k‹n†r�q�u~x{û
û?i[\un}y‚x…x…w†jˆ]ˆ]Šd‹l‹�†ƒƒ…‡ˆ]s3]z÷‘§ŠûÀ‰ûkˆû
‡i‰w„~€„|�\„=†?Ž÷æ�µøíú¤­�µ’µ•·ƒ£z£q�i˜i—f’e‹g‹hƒk|j|qrxiwhbzllkl|f‹a‹u“y�]œ]¥c®k®j¹rÅz±Úy÷
rßwÅy­y¬y£s›m›m“g‹a‹y^uducglyuyus€l‹bhš«nmª`¯rµ‚Ò‡Ç�»7Šû0€ûw?×eÒqË|Ë|ԃ݋÷‹ë›Û«½Ÿ»©»³º³°¸¦¼®Ë�Ö‹á‹»„·²~²{«w¥w¥q¡jŸiŸ`œu™v�^”f—f—u•e“x˜ešq›q›w }§}¦ƒ¯‹·È£À½¹¹½Ñ¢æÊÄu¾¾t¯q n�kŽt�>ß�ÏŽÁ�µúcú„³÷Ù÷v÷÷§÷÷ÖÒ÷:Ä÷±×�™•“±’Ì‘âûl…û’‘4©Š¯‰·‡ž‰—Š�‰‘ˆ�‡�…�…�ƒ‹€‹ƒŠƒŠƒ„oyvm;aûsl†ûrüºû‘øýˆ’‰‘‰�‰�~¬rÉ_õuË‹Ÿ‹•�“‘‘‘‘•�š�¤‘´ŽÃŒâûû„h‹*�û4�4ɉµ…Ÿ�˜ƒžn¥x¥xÏû2÷ûž÷"ûç¿ûÁûÄû ÷,úc÷«‘÷{…Þ;�\‘{•€‘†—‹›‹¡›Å­ç·÷ø–áûpše“o‹{}…‚�…�…]‡;ˆ8÷ó‘÷ª…Þw�}Œ��k�x�ƒŽƒ�…�…‘…�„”…—cçm÷üsú¨û"3ûwû™ýyûj9zbe3txƒ}ƒ}„�„…ƒ…‚†�ˆ�ˆkˆu‡8÷z‘ø5ú¯÷jü˜n‰fŠ?‹;dŒ�m÷aø˜ùÑ÷z‘‡�…�„‘z�y�8�ûgüƒû¸‰v‡d‡q‰}ˆ�‡‡‡††ˆƒ‰}†^‡?‰3�ãì�ó÷÷‰‡÷ãkŒd�~Ž}�‚�…�…�†�‰‘…–ˆ£‰±‰�‰Ù‰÷‰÷Šõ‹ï‹Ê�÷�÷q�ß�Á�£�ª«Ž«Ó½†�§¶{¯n©c¨bšx‹n‹n}tozozhicxbxoƒ;Ž€jŸ|Ÿu¡nµq¿;É&÷jûõ—s“x�}¿�À�Á‹¹‹Õ‰ò‰ÞkvŽ��€�€”€——m²y·�u­bÉû/÷}‡‘‡‘‡’‡‘žv«uªxª{©ó±ØÀ½Í½Í¤Ô‹Ü‹ÏxÄg»fº_ªwšwš<“#‹uf‰ˆ9ˆyoŠe9k‹�_�/v�|9Ý…½…›ƒø
ú÷jwqaykƒkƒh‡e‹3‹a©oÈoÈjÞ†õÍ••‹Œ”“¹ŒŒÝÝÍŽ�½›©�”¹­‘¤‘œ‘ŒœŒ�‹ž‹ÝÒsÅsÅcºr±q°bž2‹k‹t€]wqcssgsfhr~~uuyi{[sf€=‹4‹o‘s—y—xž^¦e¦dªj¯q¯p¶v½|½|ƃ͋‹¼‘·–śã­·ís§ûýø
/iŽ‘dˆñ›Ô®¸­·¶¡¿‹½‹µv«aª`™a‰!c…zˆq‹÷gùe»¦¬¥Ÿ¤—›‘œ‹Ÿ‹§€¤vŸuŸo–i‹q‹s„wwppibûû±÷
÷š÷)ø}÷ü¨‡¡£‰¥ÚÎ¥¾Ã¾¿à½÷÷5øŸ»º÷Ö÷>£ÁªÑ³ß©Ë�¯“•“””’•�›’œŽ�‹›ÚˆgaŠ=juŒŽa<³Š«ˆ£‡—ˆ“‡�†Ž‡�…‹…‹k`û5ûa3ûdû&øz÷„œˆš‹—•�”•’•›§�µ¢Úˆ3(Šû,;ŒŽj<»¬†�œ�mŸz÷ØýÓc+g;jxnrtmkimo‘–qu™xš{œq†|&‡x„i€z¦�£ƒ¡‡ú´Ú�÷ã�̜ӊŠ÷ÜŠ�…‹‡wk�‘`{�Ž…�…�†’‰“…›‡º‰Ù‡÷‰ö‹óø†øüv÷Åûþ÷lû„ŃăÃ�˜”‚é‡÷¡øpÃŒãŽ÷Ž÷’ו­�‘Ž�‘�š•»‘Ý�߇#6‰ig@��:7㉿…›”ƒ‘{Žs“k�ûg‹ûúû{.êû	÷û ÷=ûx÷~û:÷bû÷h/ˆû%ˆc‹l�7�7ц¶‡š‡™‡–…‘„‘„�€�}Ž|�kŒ[�û·ûÕ2‰c‰t…)‡n‡r‡x‡†…†……†„‰‡^ˆ=‡6ùÑz÷`ceiqo|n{k„g‹#‹3›c«u£v±w¿v¿aÎkÛkÛ|è‹÷‹÷eº÷éîéî÷½÷1‹áÒtÃÃt½h¸]�_Žp�bÙ�˒Еבº“²–«†˜,­8¢c™c˜;’1‹ûš‹û_hû$ûû$ûdû?‹ûf‹û£û¼#«e¸kÇpÆoÓ\ág÷_÷t÷"‹îÞ”šÍ֪͛߷¹ðr¢ú´ø5‘÷쉇ßãc�aŽŽŽƒ�‡�‡�ˆ‘‰“ˆ—‡½†ä‰§ŠÎ‹ó÷eŸ�Ÿ� Œ¾ŒòŒ÷.‹÷4‹ìˆ­‡ûeûˆ)†gˆc‡s†……„‚†ˆ~ˆaˆd‰3�ßë�÷
÷
÷‰‡÷ãkŒd�}Ž}�€�…‘…�†’ˆ•…ž‡º‹Ö‡÷xøh�÷\‹Ó�¹’ �”�’’�‘�–�™Ž™�±�Ë�ã‡ûû‰û
û
+��73Óˆ´ˆ—ˆ—ˆ“‡�‡�‡�…�ƒ��y‘3ŒmŒi‹$û‡]û‰ûuû.'��[÷÷Ží‘Ï�³�¢‘’�‘”�˜Ž—ŽµŽÓŽã‡7*‰ûûû��û
3ˉ²‰™ˆ™ˆ•‡‘†‘†�„Ž‚‘w�\Œa�ûyüh‡û[Šb‡]…wˆ�†„…†„†�‡}‰}ˆd‰lŠ3�÷
÷�÷ø”ù
endstream
endobj
27 0 obj
<<
/fontfile3 26 0 r
/xheight 0
/ascent 1964
/type/fontdescriptor
/descent -951
/flags 262178
/stemh 0
/fontname/ugcvdi+palatino-bold
/capheight 1964
/fontbbox[-166 -464 1021 959]
/italicangle 0
/stemv 0
>>
endobj
28 0 obj
<<
/subtype/type1
/basefont/ugcvdi+palatino-bold
/widths[250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 778 0 722 0 611 0 0 833 0 0 0 611 0 833 0 611 0 722 611 667 0 778 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 611 444 611 500 389 556 611 333 0 0 333 889 611 556 611 0 389 444 333 611 556 833 500 556 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500]
/lastchar 142
/name/f0
/firstchar 32
/fontdescriptor 27 0 r
/encoding 25 0 r
/type/font
>>
endobj
29 0 obj
<<
/differences[32/space 44/comma/hyphen 54/six/seven 58/colon 63/question 65/a 67/c 69/e/f 72/h 77/m/n/o/p 83/s/t/u 87/w 89/y 97/a 99/c/d/e/f/g/h/i 107/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z 213/quoteright]
/baseencoding/macromanencoding
/type/encoding
>>
endobj
30 0 obj
<<
/subtype/type1c
/length 10631
/length1 10631
>>
stream




wamfpz+palatino-italic

7ükþwÁŠ
ˆ?‹‹
ˆ?‹‹d`Á‘)�


-&vhfo
)bspw
6jtuzg/i5y4":l8m$e.n1dq'x[r 0/
$
%†kfi±Æj		ÿ
.)øð
®ß¶ʩ¨§^96ní©âªži x �!t"Ê#§$Ž%�&m'>'v'ã(^ú
þ”ûú”þtàútû@þtÀøíø“øŒƒÂ‹ÀŽ¿‘™÷
“É�‘�«”º—Çqkûxiƒ~ƒ}ƒ{‡z}"…û6‹9‹2�+”�¯�´“»ÙøbŒ»¹Œµ»ºŠ‰·†÷Ô‰“²é„•û‚û‡/‹]pŒ�e³÷†®÷k§÷¸‘ÌŽà‹Ä‹ÇˆÉ†±‡¦‡™†“ˆ’‡�†�†Žƒ���{�q‘)½—÷˜ñšÍyŽs�l‹üc„�lŒ�û>�y�tŒƒoå…¿„š�š�“z‹u‹}Š}‰|{ûnûdaûˆ`ûˆrû#ƒb{8{j}\#d„wÓ�ôŽ÷‹ø}÷”ùØ“‘ˆ†��…Žƒ�x…e�qz1pûeû.q"~=‹w‹d’nšy™zœ�ž‹™‹›�ž“ŦȵËÃËÃÅƽɘ›´ÄÏ푈bûdw/~m†lˆwŠz~t�y•€•—„˜ž¦•ž®º¥ÛÆ÷çu±iybm{ƒ{‚‡‚‹�‹„Ž…“…’ˆ—‹œ‹ Œ¡Ž¢‘¸›Ù£÷£÷¥ò¥êÁ÷i|šax]€z‰uû
t-ufteqqm[y:tcomomt_[qx�|†‹‚‹„Ž…’…’‰–‹›‹Í¹÷séø•·‘¨››†˜ƒ••ƒ€�ukub's:yn]ŸdÃßÀ¨¡ø
÷ikc_at`ta`‹a‹g¨qÄ\Ä]ås÷‹÷‹ê�ܮ۰ôª¸ªº›¹‹·‹­�­y®x¯f³t¸'ÝoÀx¢w¡‚¢‹¤‹¤�©±¯²”²›²¡²¡ª¡£¢£¢ ¥ž©ž©›«˜¯—¯’³¹›‰ž‰¢�­§�¡˜›ŠŠž›ï‡�m†rˆy‰…jŠ‰nu­p¥l�a¡w—m‹=‹?uaaa`stfgfgyb‹=‹<¡n¸`·_Ëvß‹—‹›‹žŒmtbayo€y†}‹‹ƒ�ƒ�ƒ�ƒ˜{¡u.o=jka÷xùüϵǮÛ·yh¬«gœweo�pypyop_hmgma|y‹q‹]�i°i°z‹ԋéŸÝµÐ÷‚þrªq¡p™q™q’q‹q‹yua_io]:s&‹/‹e [³[µt½‹Ç‹³•²¡± ±¯¯½ª½¬Á£Æ™÷[û-÷'øiõx[_‚e_g›¬nn«}¼Í±‘Á˜Ï÷ªÏžÌ£Ê©ɨ¼«¯­¤£Ÿ©™­™­“­‹®‹»z°k¦k¥b™y‹^‹][ufkjboy_ghcr^q]rgr0q08‹@‹f•v¡f¡e¨p±y±z¯‚­‹¿‹Ê�Ö®Ö®×ÀØÑ~²4nhc[xû9ù£¹ª­³¢³¢²—²‹¦‹¡‚œyœy”q‹i‹c}ao_o__fnmmmbt6{¯÷©æ£¹ø}÷—š¡÷
›Ú–±§ð«Þ°Ë¯Ë¹ÈÃÄÂÄÀµ¿§ªœ¦”¡‹—‹”‡’ƒ‘ƒ�~‹w‹arû[ûpcû0r$�y…m‰s‹w‹q�x––€š„ž‹™‹˜Ž˜�©—»¥Ìµ¯£¹®Ä¹z³dmao]qu{†�‹ƒ‹„�†‘†‘‰”‹™‹µª÷É÷‚¹÷f¢÷‹¹‹ …›€—€–}‘y‹m_}po7e<s?b?bh7q-„�¸÷mŸÛ—‘©���›˜ž†›�˜“ƒ€�}€�‰ˆ‚x…n~cucufsgr.f˜bÚ¿£™ –œ‘�“”�““’ˆ…��…Ž�}^}-pû$eûxaû=^û!˜z¸™º•¼“ûúc÷ˆ“Â舆÷“È.Žv�’�‘‡–œÍ©÷xÇ÷Ü‘å÷Ž÷7÷÷‰‰õ‡mz'mû>mû>u&}l…}ƒ‚ƒ‡y�x†6‹ƒn�÷厺©èˆ†÷0”Èd�`Ž}�qŽ{�„’„’ˆ–‹™‹¿¡÷.¸÷”ãø|§÷2Ÿã–ž�“’‘“�›’¶�Ñ�‘Ć?l‰y}s‹�jû‡�…rᆽ†™…™…’|su…_€jaû€uû‰{l‡:‰'‹ûb‹û<�û�¤÷%�ñ—Ç¡÷›Ò”£�—�“����’�•�˜Ž¸�×�‘Äû‡@Še‹û¸�€r׆µˆ“‹œ‰—‡‘…‘„�‹y‹wƒj}û‚mrû*aûƒ\û¢kû={i�eƒsƒ‚†…„†�‡z…aˆi‹„nä�ÚŽÏ‹÷—ùi÷‚z}‡�ƒ„��‡…’‰•™’‹”�–’ÕƘɒ²™ÆŸÚ«÷±÷¶÷(u�kec™j•q��qpŽn`d„hwwpikzcmmfva`6f'lûlû|'‹6‹h”\�o•zš‚�‹–‹—Ž˜�·Ÿ»«Á¹Á¸ÀÁ¿É§¬³¿½Ò’ˆ_û9uû
ex�{—–—„—““Ž�•§—°¢»­÷*÷€¶r_fqzƒû(øf7\@siriuxxhqywƒ‹…‹†�…�…�†’ˆ”ˆ“Š™‹�‹òž÷²÷£â©Ú­Ò›®›¡™”©ž·•Å‹©‹§ˆ§…¦…¥ƒ¤qûl!g7÷'÷“˜­÷9¤÷›Â§ï±áºÒºÒ¹½·©¦�¤•¢‹£‹¢}Ÿq¦‘–ã–Õ—Æ|’~�‹t‹t„s}s}hh^uc4c"eû£÷
Ÿìšß”º�¬‹�‹›‡˜„““ƒ‚�th~r]gg=s1a£jÌå좒�ˆ†��ƒŽzr†^‚kzûrûjû$yar-jû�}ª•¹—ǘ÷—÷Áw»ËrÛÍÍ�®Íͯ¶µ½µ½°Í¬Ý³ñ ò‹ò‹ØÈs·s·i¬` _ ^–[‹w‹u~ssssxj_c^ce\mwlvsmzcycƒ?‹9‹#£>»w÷8ù:÷¿ÕÅëǸu_ª©_›l8i„a}9}9tclolnlakuktf€`‹c‹i“o�oœv¤}­}¬„¼‹Ë‹÷@¤÷$¿÷ø
Ûùv¬É£µ™¡±’³�¶‹äˆ®­Ž‘­ûû;û_/_/v,‹*‹w•]ŸcŸb§l±v°v°€¯‹²‹¼›ÅªÅ«È¾ÊÓºÁ·Ê³Ò³ÑªÒ¢Ó¡Ó—Ï‹Ë‹±„¬©¨z¡u™u™s“q‹}‹}ˆ…lhz|w{¡h–��‘�§Ÿ‚{™�t”g[7v)aûaût5hqy_xux‹]‹eœm¯m¯|‹Ջ¼�¾—À–¿�Á£Ã£ÃªÄ±Å›¤±¾Å×y¦ih†g‹lr�”9�mq�sqn†�m7û‚µŠûÖû�¼¿Ä×ÌñÌñºà©Ñw¦axnw9wqûm*g?g@jske›xÐ¥úcÕ�‘†—Ÿ§§÷nÅ÷êÄ÷ê´÷j¤ß‘Ÿ’—”‘—“¹�ڎĆ59‰<=3��)„rè‡Á…š‚–„‘~yn€9uûûýhyqzzycycsjmrmrqu‹w‹z”[Ÿ[Ÿi¦u­u­€²‹¹‹žŒ �¡Ž±–Óžö¦÷7ª÷>­÷fÊ÷Îf‡sŠ`‹tjŒ� ƒr؇»†žƒ�ƒ•{ssmûspûÙmû4xûƒk‡i‰h‹i‹+¬>ÏsÏrão÷‹é‹ë¦ìÀìÀãÑÛá…qz6oû#‘ƒ�¸ºŽ¼¾Òˆ†ç”Å+Œr�{•:øá{šžƒ£¬¦™¨ŸŸ¨•«®¤„Ÿ}™™}y“tmp~qtsq€lfq’v›{û)ü=�–•Ž“‘�ˆ†��†�‚}hdûa=û¬xg\‡q†q‰s‹v‹o‘v˜|˜|šƒœ‹œ‹¡’¥˜Á§ÝÂ÷Þw³ucerw�w�z‡~‹‚‹„Ž†‘†‘‰–‹™‹»¯÷4Ô÷¢§õ�Ô”³�ŸŽ›‹—‹£†�‚˜“„��tl�xccw<yû
9œcݽ·¥‘Ž÷'÷v„«®†°Çؤ¾¾¤»ª·°·°¬³¡¶¡µ–¸‹»‹³�­w¨w§m¡e›q•w•>—=—x�s¤q£«‹´¾ž·±¯¯±¾�ʲ®„««~¦x£qŒoŒbŒuº“à‘½Žš�£‘¦•«mœl˜i“i“g�e‹c‹i†m‚m�i{cscshqmomoun|k|k„heb“g�k�k£tª|©{Å}ßÅ‚²‚�ƒ�ƒ™|—v—u‘r‹n‹a�exhxhopgxfwb‚_‹fg’šgo–nžk¥Œ÷<yˆ_‡e†i…i�w|g¶v±}¬‚«øm÷8mws}xƒ�‡‚Šƒ‹€‹‚Ž„“ƒ“ˆ–‹›‹˜Œž�£“Ç›ë¥÷¥÷žé—Ã÷‡ÓŠ§‹£í�“o‚\‡i‹ys‹�m¦÷›Ú‘£�“™Ä¦÷s�eh4f{û€?‡p‡p„d�wq}t€wƒwƒg|uw†m÷?�kûbsû|c^ûa„h†o‰wˆwŠy{e‘p˜{|—š‚�™š�‘›§—¶¦ÇµÇµÇ¸Ç¼t¯'aø
zü(o“p˜q™s¡w¨|§~¨ƒ©‹µ‹·–ºžº º¬º¸ÉÇÀзطٵï´÷¡Ë¬÷·÷-Á÷p¶÷«æ�À�¹ž³uŸmwyd…eû4lûuog'_3w?k\jbhghgmrr}…€ˆ€‹‹‚�…”ƒ—‡¢‹­Ô’÷
š÷8—÷‘æ·¾…­œ›|”xumtfiacu=i¦g�Ž“‘—”˼µ¤Ÿ‹‘‹‘‰�‡‘…��Ž�wŽj‹_‹ûƒû{û&�9‡v‹r‹k–z£ju™�€¡�£”›§§œÅÄãë½Á½Ì¼Õ>ûª`û"eû
i>i@kuoiursxq~q€r„s‹f‹l™q¥q¦­‹´‹“‹–�—v’(hˆ‰‹�:÷7ù™˜¥Š‹³7ü†jûtjû2jûwaxwwnwowwvw€u…s‹d‹ižm°r…ƒa{tth¥£„ ‹­‹®•®�Ä©Á·¾Æ¿Ç´Ï«ØªÚ°÷·÷[÷øÂŒ¹¯Œ§¨¬Š‰±“®–²›·‚—sƒs†u‰}‰zŠ7‰—˜ޡñšÕ™¼™¤˜£œŸ¡™¡™¥’«‹§‹¥„¥~¥} yœt¡’–±žÃ¦Ó�]`”blp…�sg{yiixiw`duqup|nƒl‡|x2jû6gtqq9m‚^Œ¬§Œ£úc÷€’±×ˆ‡÷�ÆxŒ}Œ‚‹xkŽ�~}�‚’…”…”ˆ™‹Ÿ‹•Œš� Ž­”É™ä¤÷6˜ßŒ‘îø®øÌþt­q¢c—u¦u›n�ƒñ¡÷lµ÷˜Ë÷æÕø
¡÷šÌ“˜�“‘‘“�˜“µ‘Ó��Á‰lfŠa:<Œ�?uÙ…¹…™‡�„”}‹v‹�ˆp…a}'{$yûû
ýfüÄúdd÷i÷z‡y‰w‹wo��fuň²‡Ÿ†Ÿ…œƒ™™Ÿs£g/eûpkûðwû¬hû3{eƒy€~„~ƒb‡f‰p�÷
ÖŽ³ø
Öƒò¡¶÷yžß¦Ø¯Ñ¯Ñ¼ÎËËËÊǹĩ¡– ‘Ÿ‹—‹•‡’…‘…�‚‹€‹�‰}‰{‚uy9qû@ûÔ}q„aqm�v•~~•–„˜”–Ž�—µ�½©Ç³Ç³»¯¯ªw°g1qirƒ…�‘††‘‰“•›�¯—£÷­÷$¶÷>¢è™Å�¢Ž›�š‹™‹œ…™€—€–~‘|‹u‹m„c}qvsmscscuyupkiaxvg„�Üøãø(�¥”²˜¾wŸfkûoû+s†bÔ‹¶‰™‰˜‰”†�…�…Ž�‹‹‚Š�Š€€=xûqû(qû)kû1gû8nûdû4zûr˜}–�—�˜Žøíø‰’Á숇÷•È7�[Ž�sŽ|�…‘„‘ˆ—‹›‹–ŒœŽ¡’Р÷ ®÷fîøęܖƓ¯÷‹ö‡ï„£‰œˆ•†‘‡�‡�†�€�i‹r‹ŠhŠsÚ÷”Ð�¡’±”·—»oˆy‰�‹u‰kŠ!Šûb‡ûŠ‹5‹û#�û[�uŒz�_�ˆs€ûwû<ãí�Ê—¦’›“•”�—’ª�½�÷�ë�ß‹|ûsû5jûpyû±lûciqûzb‚}‡…††„‡y�t„0††n�÷æŽÏø
år³°™§­ɽá÷	÷÷lŸû0¡#¥w¤v­q·‹£‹¤“¤š¾ªÎÂÞÚt¯]bjqw€w€w†y‹x‹z’}›s£w»yÓ€·zåu÷Ïì·È¡¤«±©¥§›Ÿ• ‘¡‹™—ˆ…””…••y¦‘”É•Å—Áv–v‘w‹w‹u…t�s�rxooeeg`j[ûû={÷"wés·iÆz©j‹u‹vˆw…w…yƒzûû?¯v¥¥§©¢žœ““œ��Ÿ§¡~s›«xªû§ûwl%`jun_qeemyyv†t‹}‹{�y—tÅd„‰m‰r‰vx'¢y¦‚«‹ø}÷‘|~½Ã„ÉÊÄ“™¿¿™¼¡»©º©¸±¶¹µ¹«»¡½ ½–‹Nj³…°««z§s¥s¤k cœs•s›3Ÿ3Ÿo�j�jœr¤y­y­‚´‹»‹Ã˜¿¦½¥½±±½¥¼¥Ã˜Ë‹½‹·ƒ±|±{¬t¥mû/Æ•Ø“Ñ®‘®“¯•±c¢cœe•d•^‘w‹û6‹û[%,$+xû‹û‹k–u¢_¢_¬iµtµsÑuíuÍ|¹~¥�¥� }�{�{™u–o–o‘l‹k‹7n?qeqe2hû‹r‹w“]œg—e¢b«‡÷\q…k„tƒ_ƒ^�z~w»o½x½}ùÑ÷b“÷¢ƒÇm�f�€�q�z�„‘„‘ˆ’‹“‹‘Œ“Ž““Ÿ¬ÈÅñ÷2÷›ø‡²û¼—û‹�Œ�‹‚zˆ†……„‚†ˆx‡^ˆc‰p�÷ØŽ�÷žƒÆi‘h�‡Œ}�€Ž„‘„‘…”‡—…�„°ƒÄû;¸,ýhþÛ.û$_irh††……†ˆ‡‰ƒ‡i‡o†p�ÓÅŽ¸ùšÂ×üÙüløøÙù`ù’Ô㈇ó”Ä)‘u���|�„™¡™–Ø¢÷ ¢÷ ®÷¹í¹íÎôâ÷ÏäÇÊÁ°Á¯Á¢Â•—÷$h†k‚o}aw_k\a[azuyixi_lfpq2v%yûj÷"f÷a÷a÷eâi¿i¾j®kžj�f•b�inrw}�†‡nxvi‘y™­ª“¦££ƒ|¥¤|¤q¥e¤e¨n­7­6­#­û¡;–q‹h‹j…y€iz$y8yk„t…}…………‚†‰ˆ\ˆ;‡„r�÷åŽÓ÷—÷c�«÷l—É–¼—­“¢” –ž–�¨±ºÄ¾û&­,�`³'§j�l�kšx˜‚‘‡’‰“‹™‹�’£˜«œÎ¹ò×{±c`y�|„}†ˆ‚„Š…�•€vŸjÊ_õ^õb÷f÷»»±¯¨¡¹°³¤­™­™®’¯‹£‹§†«‚­÷!•nt�yrkƒ{ed{\mt^s]nlg;g:ugdsžÙ¦÷®÷4êø^–½™Ä›Êq¢]wc}g‚g�g'{‚dÛ¹Š‰—–‰“†‘…‘„Ž�‹‹„Š�‰~‚dy"qû]ûŠ_ûlaûnwoûaû<œ~÷¯úЖsvv]ycg@^.sûû>ûâû_ü÷w÷oo÷‘ì‚ó„÷†Õ‰¶‹—‹ŸŽš‘•‘”–’š�™�±ŽÈŒ—ȇ,6ŠadcŒ�b~n͇±‡•…’‡‘…�ƒ’|—?�û¼ür®ûÝžûpŽûñ£Ô³æÄ÷÷‘ø€÷(÷°µØ»ûd¼ûi½ûp¼ûp­ûž:°ûfî§ìÅ÷.á÷hñ÷‘Þ÷\É÷'Ó÷?³å’”“–““•�•�¦�¹�—Ȇim‰oq@��1~nㇼ†—…—…‘‚†Š††‡u}bume wûjû8ûûÔiû:…~³n÷qûø'q÷ja÷:r÷c:ø÷4fsq|}…ƒ‡…Š…‹ƒ‹ƒ�…“„“ˆ–‹™‹”Œ–�˜•Ó²÷yÏ÷Õßø »÷x™Èq›stxz\[t�k…†b犧‹�‡”ƒ”ƒ�~yy‰z‰y8xû
qû€sqû	cûhrû�kû%…c†s‰r‹s‹m�v–}–~š„ž‹›‹��Ÿ“³›¿«Ë¹˹³ª�›z´9pù`È÷z8s>cdsds@=‹1‹<›f¬] `ªd³c³lÁtÎs̀݋ì‹÷˜ñ§ç§ç²Ø½Ë½ÊǸѧЦݙé‹á‹×Ïu¹z·r³kŒwŒzŒ{ûÄŠ“ܔ̕½‘¬”­—¯j¥hŸf™e˜d’a‹'‹+x-f-f3s8@7@l6a-wûqû‹û ‹ûzÀû,õ!!õ÷+v÷vÓÍ’˜ÈÇ™¿œ·¡·¡Â­Îº¡Öu˜ø
ù¾÷ }u{…‚„Ž’†…’‰˜�œŒžŽ¡•Î¡÷	¯÷<Ò÷ç·÷h›ß¥÷�á–³rŸsn]wf�f€p€9�†c튤‹œ‡“ƒ“ƒ�|w}†j‚u_û�?›t“j‹adƒ|hbjjaswgik`oufdm7t+t+€4‹=‹r“[�dœe¡w¦‹¥‹®—·¢Ï°ÑÃÓÕÒÕÈÚ½á�Šfû5v.‡q‡q‰t‹v‹k�t•}•~–„—‹–‹›� ”°›·¥¿±¿°¸¯³¯x°koep_qû(øhtimmereqay\_\_zhxrw�y‡{‹�‹ƒ�…�…�†”‡˜‡—‰¡‹©‹Ú–â¡é˜ÄžÌ¥Ô¥Ó »œ¡œ¡Ÿ›¡•ª™³’¼‹Í‹ÌzÉkqûv4{]÷g“Ÿ¶Š‰Ì÷†�Í8�z�|‘w“�š£ž˜Ì¦÷«÷Ö÷¥÷
ø/÷Äûp¹”›¦¼·Þ·Þ·Ü¹Ú÷"÷Œ÷
÷_é÷3Àæ¸Õ±Äiþ5…?ƒx€q„{��}†s‚y†>‹i‘ðè�áÜᇅå‘Í9Žw’w•v•�¥³™Œ£Ž¯—÷r§ø&“õ•÷	™÷“Ö’¹’›Ž“�’’‘’�—�›Ž÷™Å„xuˆropŽ’p+ûlqziobdükýÂûÆš[‡[Š]‹giŒ�+€lʼn´ˆ¡‡¨… �——~’|‹z‹uiûiû‚iû‚cû#}\tûkeûwaƒ{ƒ��…{�c„k‡i�÷ÐŽ«úc÷‰š£÷¢ö£Þ¢Ý©Ò¯Ç¯Ç¶Á»»»»·­´ ¥™¢“�‹“‹’ˆ�…‘ƒ�‹}‹w‡dƒr;w!mûmûmû
lû™}¿˜º”´’¥÷2¤÷	£Õ¢Õ§Ê¬¿«¿µ½¿½¾½¹®³ ³Ÿ§–�‹“‹‘‡‘…‘„Ž‚‹ƒ‡o„\„[z=qû
jûs/|v|v‚i‰{ˆ{Šy‹y‹s‘x—~—~˜„›‹™‹š�œ‘­™¹¥Å²ű·«©¥{²=ur{w€}††€�‰ƒƒ…Ž’……’‰•™²¤÷½÷nµ÷2¨÷šÒ“´�ª‹Ÿ‹œ‡˜ƒ“ƒ“~�{‹i‹`wt?ga[dndnf>h.¬÷&žã‘¨’µ�­¥š‡–ƒ“’ƒ~�{d^}qx>b@sbc__uik3±÷lŸë�•�©Ž¢‹›‹œ‡˜ƒ“ƒ“��}‹}‹z‡x…e|]qsgsg`lkr™`±¦±¢°žž•š‘•‹“‹‘‡‘ƒ‘ƒŽ~‹x‹yˆq‡i�a{4w){>x<v:rû`™z³•¹“¿”øí÷Ü’Ëàˆ‡óÆb�[�s�s�{’ƒ•ƒ•‡™‹ž‹”‹—�™�¥šç¥÷2èøœÎ÷ÿÇ–½‘´‹ÏÀu¹¹u¬kŸbŸa•y‹p‹b{fmkmkb[wkwku{s‹s‹y˜^§l©z¨§ƒ§ƒªˆ¯‹Ô‹Ï›Ë­¹£·¯¶ºµº®Ã¥Ì¥Ì˜Ì‹Ì‹Æ|Âm½m½e¯\ Ÿ\d–,hp‰‰7‰x[‹^`[‹�v�+y�‡‡tå‰Á„Ÿ—ƒ’}vgvû!bû‰uûÔlûg„eoû"x;�z„ƒƒ�‡�†]†:‡k�÷f÷løä÷#bsg{l�l�m‡n‹m‹\¤k¿s¯€Á‹Ò‹ãžô±÷
©ì¯Íµ­µ­ÂœÏ‹±‹¬…§�§€ž”’��z‹uŠû
º—ìšážÖs�p˜o”n“l�i‹]‹^�]w1e?]kvkqldlwlwrkx=w=‚@‹bf•q ]Ÿ\©j±w±w·�»‹±‹¯‘®—¹š¾¤Ã¯¯¢Á³ÒÅ|·k]^ms}ø
÷,ü¤·÷¯ž÷	˜ß“¾¶~¨ƒš‡™‰š‰›‹ ‹¢�£”ɣˮϹιÀ½±Á±Á­Ñ©â°÷žë‹Þ‹½„¸²±}¥|—|—w‘r‹i‹c�\xlqlblskso@s.�œ“²˜É�—’®•Å‘°Ž¤�˜Œ˜Œ–“š†—ƒ““ƒ�}re~qxac?x>kŸeÚ½¥›ž–—‘—‘”�‘��Œ�Œ�‹’‹‘ˆ‘…�…Ž‚‹�‹ƒŠ‰{€ ~'|-qû,eûiwû¦x+qûiû0—ª˜½–Д÷)úžÝ§Ô°Ë¯ËµÃ»¹¯®°¥¯�¯œ­”«‹¡‹�‚—z—z‘e‹p‹e~8q-q-f4];mylgkvkvb�y‹o‹r›t«¢÷šÞ’¨«øÕøj»÷šü«^û}ø¨ø}÷w’Œ§ Œ˜÷ž‚’Ä=‘]�}ŽsŽ{‘‚•‚•‡š‹ ‹²£÷3¼÷¬ÁŽÁ�¿‹É‹Å‰Á‰÷=„Ž“‘›•¥¢¿�–'�o†w‹ˆgfŠeûxŽ�²¡÷²÷tšåš×šÉ¼�»�¹‹÷‹ô€Ów�|Žu�o‘a�_Œ}À�ã�È�­�­’´•º\�wŽr‹üdƒe:��ûlo��sƒmȈ´ˆ ˆŸ‡™†“ƒ“ƒ�‹{‹c‚={û
7hû`pûÖeûbsû€u†�„ƒ‚†x_‚g„ƒs÷e’ùÑßùk§×ž¶—•–•¡‘­‹õ‰Ç»�•¯^]ynu?t?cbreqef‹g‹1Ÿd´xªe³w½‹¥‹¤�¡•®›°¦²±±±®·ª½å÷4}h…l‹qc’gšlšl¡t§{§|§ƒ¦‹±‹´—¹£Ç©ÌÃÐÜÐÛÇñ¾÷µð ê‹ã‹Ï}¾p¬o«iœa‹yx‡…wnkzx††ps¥n •Ÿ‘ž‹§¢sžžs•fy5w*eûdûy9ms^b^w^‹h‹mšq©q©¹‹Ç‹­�°‘³‘À˜Ï�Ý�Ý�Лþ÷=}–vwy}\…rû0lû!eûwfsmototl\kdjcmpq}{ƒ{‡{‹m‹r˜w¥q­~¿‹Ð‹Ý–ۣآ׮ٺ۩½¸ÈÇÔz¨~be…hwrŒ�m‘+qŽwso‡ƒme,s9‚f´Š÷—⪘ª­’±¬°‡…³³…Å~Öx¿~«ƒ—‰¢ˆ¥‰§‹ž‹ž�žŽ��ž��‘§÷žã–½�—^uû$~„}†}ˆ‡}|Š{ix“›g›gx”kqq‡…qq„kg{ù:ù‹˜Ëy›kisv{ƒƒ{vˆspkŽ‘fo�x—?Ÿ?Ÿk•w‹t‹x‰|ˆˆ~†{„jûŠ·”¥“Ÿ’™’™–ž›£’�’Ž’�’�’Œ’‹œ‹¬‡½„ì}Í„®‹°‹­�©“¡�£•§›ýxý¯ s¡Ÿ¡š¡•÷¾ùü¢¡÷>¦÷p­÷a¥÷1©÷4­÷7´÷\«÷'¢çn™i[o©e›=‹\_€wccvyjq]]gjhuicmi2oûnû}'‹5‹j–y£i™uœ�‹›‹£”­›Ð­ÔÁ×Õ×ÔÍÜÃãmûluûh^û…lû3z?‚g„s…�†ƒ‚‚~�r·˜Å™Ò™Ãúü|osqjuiu]rqqqpxb_uq}x…‹‹€‘�˜�˜‡¢‹¬‹¾‘ʘ֛ï¡ä¨Ø§×¦À¥¨—™œ•¡“«•±‘µ‹É‹ÈzÇj€n|cw8ø
ú:iw‘y�zŽzŽ{�|‹c‹ax@gxrwgw]dmkbr5q5_%kû	kû	{û‹!‹û¨$ÇggÇØi鹶”œ²±�¸¥½­½­³°«³ª²¥¾ŸËŸË–É‹É‹íqÖxÁwÀg¦5‹k‹ozrjqjqup@�áŸÕ Ê©æ«Õ¯Å®Å³»·³©¥®¡³›³›µ“·‹¡‹ ˆ�†�…¡‚£~›�¬÷ý@þ&”¶™°Ÿªžª¡¥¤ £Ÿ¦›¨–§•¨‘¨‹È‹¾u³_³_ l‹9‹xƒv{s{sv]qiqhoqkykyhƒc‹k‹v¢a¹a¹vЋ勶�¶•·ø
øzø'�•x–}˜‚›�š‡œŸ¨•§Ÿ¦Ÿ¦º»ÖÑèáÆÄ£¥±´§µŸ·ž·•·‹¹‹¾~¹r³r³d¬v£u£t—s‹a‹c„ed~fxgqskoimg¶¸Ò®·¤œ­¢¸—‹À‹·z®i®i�b‹[‹q„mkkxiqiwpgbwswsd^rjriym�o€o†o‹q‹n’ršu™u¡z¨}³—ûzüyœ¡�§«¦˜¦££¥—¯·©ƒ¢{œœ{u”pin~rssq€keh“pœyúc÷*÷ÓŸa¬l¹w¹vÈc×o×oß}ç‹÷&‹÷­÷Ñ÷Ñô÷Ý÷,Ý÷+µ÷5‹÷?‹Å…€½€½}µy¯r»h¸^µ^µwªq ;§3™*‹ûŠ‹û\2û-ûdû-ûd?ûg‹ûŠ‹:•>Ÿb÷iø¡ ã¦×­Ë­Ë¯¿²³²³¹ªÀ¢Ñ©Ù›ß‹ç‹ÝxÒeÑeÁt°b¯bž/‹û‹$|"mûgû]%qaqajyeoeo@~=‹û$‹û´<Þ<Þd÷‹÷@‹ð•é¡ã:÷ªúr·½»ËÁÙÀٻ߶çu¦j~oy5tiû‚i�l€nm~o}p|otgm]›}Í û÷€ù�xœ¡‚¦«§˜¦££¥—¯·©‚¢{œœ{u”pio~rssqkdi“p�yû
ý}yœ¡�¦«§˜¦££¥—¯·©‚¢{œœ{u”pio~rssqkeh“p�yø
÷q–¤¤‡„¥µõ»öÃöÖ÷%ò÷i÷÷l÷÷hé÷'Û÷ŠÒ‡'9‰i<û��û33�f�x�„ƒ„z‚yw—�’åÒ�Àøtfklwrbeû"û7û ûkû ûl2ûfsfskxo^—u’¨©�ªø”ù
endstream
endobj
31 0 obj
<<
/fontfile3 30 0 r
/xheight 0
/ascent 1930
/type/fontdescriptor
/descent -963
/flags 34
/stemh 0
/fontname/wamfpz+palatino-italic
/capheight 1930
/fontbbox[-230 -470 1094 942]
/italicangle 0
/stemv 0
>>
endobj
32 0 obj
<<
/subtype/type1
/basefont/wamfpz+palatino-italic
/widths[250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 333 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 500 0 0 250 0 0 0 0 500 0 722 0 667 0 611 556 0 778 0 0 0 0 944 778 778 611 0 0 556 611 778 0 944 0 667 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 444 0 407 500 389 278 500 500 278 0 444 278 778 556 444 500 463 389 389 333 556 500 722 500 500 444 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 278]
/lastchar 213
/name/f1
/firstchar 32
/fontdescriptor 31 0 r
/encoding 29 0 r
/type/font
>>
endobj
33 0 obj
<<
/differences[32/space/exclam 38/ampersand 40/parenleft/parenright 44/comma/hyphen/period/slash/zero/one/two/three/four/five/six/seven/eight/nine/colon/semicolon 63/question 65/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j 76/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w 89/y 97/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z 136/agrave 142/eacute/egrave 209/emdash/quotedblleft/quotedblright 213/quoteright]
/baseencoding/macromanencoding
/type/encoding
>>
endobj
34 0 obj
<<
/subtype/type1c
/length 16874
/length1 16874
>>
stream




jcuztl+palatino-roman

7ükþqÁ÷
ˆ?‹‹
ˆ?‹‹c_
‘aä


m*
fyqmpsuicntdbezovjwh
xgl[&$+ÒÏr:Ëk5"	
i4w)06#'8%.3/1-7‰( 2o
$¸»
‡k¬pçÈ~ÆÑ
—ªw
t_tiÂy(¯åÕ
ÜóÆߘ4iij…q ƒ!d"8"ð#o#¯$%%{&&ä'¦(º)ƒ*h+i,�-g.r/�0£1‰2y3465x5Ã6È7º8f8Ó9ˆ9�:š;…;î<®=ƒ=›?@bú
þ”ûú”þtàútû@þtÀ³øÕz‘”ƒ—ƒ—‡°‰Ë‰áŠã‹æøc�÷dŒéŒ™�¾�«“™‘•—’œ‘œ‘»ŽÛ�ˆû)‰ie)��ûkÚ‰»ˆœ…œ…—ƒ““�f�l�4Œ2‹1üc‰ûd‰-}‰w†kƒ~„�ƒz…y…[ˆ=Šk÷É“·‹éˆ÷"†Ë;Œ[Žz‘û÷ßùø÷@ohysc~c~b…c‹o‹q™s§s§`¶kÆkÆ{ØŠë÷ÕÓÓ�‘Ó±�¶‘»•�¥�¢‹ž‹Õ}ÍoÆoÅ^ºo­o­gœa‹m‹r€wuc{bucobomsxvpms^vmvm�f‹?‹)ž5³b³bÂtÓgÒgÛxã‹·‹¶�³”³•¯—«™ ”­ž¹¨«Ó{œü¿ùÁ¹Ç¦×ÒÄrz¶µy¡>"‚Š{‡opŠ3egŒ�(w�g�y�‹÷£á¹Áø+÷�«¨‰‰¦÷÷>ç÷Õá÷,ûx­y±w¶u¶�´�³‹°‹µ‰º‰Ämx�����~”}›n©zËeëeëaÇ{£fÃÉÜë÷Ñá½Àª ™•¡�©ŒÃ‰irŠ{yqŒ�i2ûf,[mm;a÷	vÜ^Ëg»u¥t£r£;y=~>ƒ—rŒš–Œ‘™˜ˆ…–§z®h¶v¶u·o¹gàûû~û³b[kms~�yr‡kr�¥¨�«øÙ÷3ùÈ•‰”‡’…‘…�ƒŽ€Ž€ŽiŽû
�û�û
‹ûû÷‡ûj‰,‚‰i†t„}‡………ƒ†ƒˆ�ˆ}Š,Šr�³ÆŒ×÷÷Š‡ßÄa�dŒ…Œ€�ƒ�…Ž…�‡‘‰’ƒ›‡£‹«Š�‰èˆ÷<÷3³w®~«ƒ«ƒ«‡­‹µ‹´‘±—œ�ª™·¢·¢µ¦²«²ª£Ÿ•”›™œŸ�§�§œ©š¬š¬—®•±•°�³‹µ‹Ð}ÌoÈoÈ_½n±m±bŸ7‹b‹t‚gyo}dpû#õ›‹œ�Ÿ—Œ“‹�“‰�ˆ�Žˆ‡�‡†…‰‡„s~g~\}[}`‚e…d…r‰‹q÷ˆ÷pûv¯�£�˜•¥Ÿ¦©¨©§¬¡°š°š±“±‹¾‹¾}¾p½p²c§u§u™l‹c‹?|fnknkd[ymmyt|oy[• ^]Ÿc¨h¯øu÷É“ÏÛˆ†æÄeŒfŒ‡Œ€�ƒ�†�…�‡‘‰‘ƒš‡£‹­Š™‰èˆ÷bø›�÷0‹ß�ð�÷Œ¬Œ“Œ’‹��‰�‰ŽŽˆ‡�‡†„‰‡ƒpo"sû*ypݹˆ‡•’ˆ�†�…���_Ž;�û�û‹ûü3‡ûkˆ+ƒ‰i‡s„~‡„……ƒ‡ƒ‡€ˆ}‹-Šr�õáŽÍøh÷÷wœa¤c­d¬c¶kÁqÁqÌ~Ù‹î‹æ¢Þ¸Ý¹Ëʹܸۢä‹í‹÷_÷3ã3ãû·û ‹û)û[-,,-\ûû)8š=ªc÷oøÜƾΩÝÅÀ{k»»k²uª>ª>›0‹!‹ûq-wnwmjm>‹n‹sžw²w²dÉpàoß~ß‹Ý‹÷¤ç¾Ç÷3÷»’Ý÷
Ä3‘u‘w‘�Žƒ�‡�‡�‡“‰—ˆ–‰¥‹µ‡÷ŠÜ‹·òß�˯µµ¯¶¡¿©¥ƒ}ŸŸ|�t›k¸ŒÎ‘Ù•ä…™—op‘oop…�qq�t}wz�yuriqiphmi‹à�Ê�´‹‘Œ�‹�‹‘‰�‰�ˆŽ‡�‡‹†‹‚‡~…mm(rûyr׶Š‡––‡“†�„�ƒŽt�d�mŒr‹vûƒ‰.‡ûf‰j‡s…|‡ƒ‡„…‡…‡ƒˆ€‰…‰bŠ@Šr�ÛÝŽá�÷2ù©´ü3~Š‹�‰u‰y^Ž[’i—u–u™x�}œ}ž€ ƒ ƒ§‡¯‹§‹¥�¡�¡�¢‘¥”¨¥©¥«¤²q�u…z‰z‰uŠp‹g�q’|”|“—‚™�™…œˆŸ‡ž‹Æ�ï‘ø+ɼŒ‹¯®²Š‹µ è„’y‰q‰i‹‰li‹…€k‹Œv“÷p“÷“ÃsŸ_osrfs�_�%‹û2cwvtiraŽ´°�­ø²÷¢’¸Ýˆ‡÷ÄeŒfŒ‡Œ€�ƒŽ†�…�‡‘‰’„š‡£Š­Š™‰èˆ÷a÷	¾Œ­Žœ�œ‘š“—›£ ¢£¡£ ¥›¨–§•¬‘°‹Å‹¹}®p®p¢m—i–i‘s‹>ûŒ-†+‚)ŽæÇ�©­Ã‰ˆ×ÄiŒiŒ‡Œ€�ƒŽ†�…�‡‘‰’„™‡£Š«‹•Š¼‰áˆ÷÷dá€Ìv·u·e¯t¨t¨qšn‹j‹i†i‚q„x„…ƒ‡�ƒƒƒqu`e_eqt‚„÷¸�÷0‹ß�ð�÷Œ¬Œ“Œ’‹��‰�‰ŽŽˆ‡�‡†„‰‡ƒpo"sû*ypݹˆ‡•’ˆ�†�…���_Ž;�û�û‹ûü™‡ûkˆ+ƒ‰i‡s„~‡„……ƒ‡ƒ‡€ˆ}‹-Šr�÷àŽ³øw÷7zÜ×µm´v±±´…¸¿µ’–­¬—¹¨Ç·÷&ô™–œ Ÿ«¦´¡º�Àœ¿”ËƋ×{ÐmÊmÉ_¼s­r­j�b‹\‹_ƒb}a|n|y|ûû÷z�÷0‹ß�ð�÷Œ¬Œ“Œ’‹��‰�‰ŽŽˆ‡�‡†„‰‡ƒpo"sû*ypݹˆ‡•’ˆ�†�…���_Ž;�û�û‹ûüqq‰6‡û$Šu‡vƒ7¬~÷‘ù­¯½ÃžËÁ»}q·¶q­c¤w£v˜j‹=‹ûq.waw@@f+‹a‹d’f™f™k�o£xš€—‡•‡”Š ‹­ø›Á­¸½¯†÷“ËÚˆ†çÄeŒgŒ‡Œ�ƒ�†�…�‡‘‰‘„š‡£Š­‹™‰è‡÷bÈËŽÃ’¹�§–¦Ÿ¥ž¤¦ ¯œ¯œ±”³‹¹‹³­s¬s¢l™c˜c’m‹5=‡ûk‰+ƒ‰i‡s„~‡„……ƒ‡ƒ‡€ˆ}‹,Šr�÷㎻ÆÚˆ†íÄeŒfŒ‡Œ€�ƒ�†�…�‡‘‰‘„š‡£Š­Š™ŠºŠÜˆ÷Îë�Ì–­•¬¡¨­¤·«½›Ã‹»‹µ~¯r¯q£j—b–b‘?‹û5ˆû‚û¨ã�Æ�©‹©Å‰‡ßÄeŒgŒ‡Œ€�ƒ�…�…�‡‘‰‘„š‡£Š­‹™Šº‰Üˆ÷ó÷†Õ‚­|¾j¹x³w³l ?‹k‹l†kƒk‚r‚z��…z}suû%pÈe¹y«yªr›k‹k‹m‡o„nƒuƒ|ƒ‡‰€‚{}ûûŒÊ�»Ž«‹‘Œ�‹�‹‘‰�‰�ˆŽ‡�‡‹†‹‚‡~…mm(rûyr׶Š‡–•‡“†�„�ƒ�t�d�mŒr‹vû‡ûk‰+ƒ‰i†s„~‡„……ƒ‡ƒ‡�ˆ}‹,Šr�÷áŽÅ÷nã÷‰o‡o…o‰„‹…‹‡‹†ŒˆŽ‰�‡§„À�êzׂŋ÷‹ï¬ÕÎÕαڋ勸�²x«w«r£k›kšr�7¡û:´k”s•z—y—}š�ž��†¢‹¥‹¹œ´¯®¯­º�Æ‹´‹®…§�§€£�}�}—“’‘}�|�{�k�[Ä�׎×�Õhœ^™t—s—[‘a‹e‹j}pooo`go_o_~z‹w‹g‘i˜m˜l�r¡w¡w¨z±}£‚Â}àxßwÂ|¥¥žz™v™u’s‹o‹luz_g_gtyg‹a‹lŒwŽw�w‘w“w“y—{šzš�ƒ¡ƒ¡…¡ˆ¢‡¡‰ª‹²o‰4Šr‰p÷—ùã÷!xsa{kƒkƒj‡i‹g‹m›t­t­`ÀkÕkÔ{Ý‹æ‹Õ–É¢½¡½«¯´¢´¢¼—Ë·´„}±±}ª{£y”ƒ‘‚Ž��{�b�kÄ�Ð�»�¥Ž¥‘²“¿l�l™m“[—u’o‹k‹u�^xr�`tmhmhbouujko_uquq€h=û(´ûÞ77Þ÷a÷ þ‘–¸¸–¹�¹¤³Îv¥ø
÷•ùŸ�¯‘’�”©–•©­‘³Áºu±±t¦n›h›g’z‹l5�5{4w4vlxeyt€uzuuuuxm{e{e„a‹]‹c¡r¸``¸Êvܱ«’—¥¤˜ÜÅ÷ò†ûd�ÍÁŽ³´»ˆ‡ÂÄj‘uŒ}Ž…�‚�…“‡•…™‰¢‹«÷¾�÷k‹Ë‚¾z±qÀe´w¨w§kš?‹w‹]„b}uwef7t‹zŒu‹o‹pŠv‹|À}“¡™«�³ø7ü�_w`e_q_q__‹z‹e˜p§o§~±‹½‹³“°�­–¡˜œ›—¤ž¶žÉ�È�Õ›âšû¢øíùÅd’‡�†Ž„“w�r‹/û›e c›c•c•b‘a‹\‹`‚czczxpkekebnyykjp]vovo�l‹i‹2œ;­d­d¼uËfÊeÐy׋³‹º’Á˜¤£®«¸²¸±¯¨¦Ÿ‰=Šm‰]ã�ÆŽ¨‹¬‹ÄˆÝ‡Áe‘b‘}‘}‘�’…•…•†¨‰½‰½ŠÆ‹Ïù�÷4Ž÷6Ž÷
ŽÄ~”z{y}x€x€m‚aƒrÙŠ¹ˆ™…¦ýªûˆc†nƒ_zcqgpglohygxc‚_‹5‹b­oÐnÏmë‹÷‹Ú—ϣģﶹ§¹§½™Â‹»»t½½tºg¹yû?ø}óüŇ�Ÿˆ¡¸µ•ž±±Ÿ«§§°¦±«É±â÷{ø°ñ÷tÐ÷*±×±×§¸ž™�˜¦’­�•Ç†pp‰oog��>oÑ„³„•„•„‘�‹‹ƒ‰�‰�‚lm:wûwûf2w]vû
qÅkÖeél÷0sÅsÑqݬ†¡‹–‹œ“—�’•�²�Ð�Æb?‰=:9��9sº…©„™ƒ™ƒ˜z—s©l±1»û	÷3ü©@¤h¡ooakchcs\wjzwzxy}w�wƒw†w‹w‹{��Ž����‚�‚’€”•sxû.¡žƒ�…ø²÷Â’ÍÔˆ‡ÝÄeŒgŒ‡Œ�ƒ�†�…�‡‘‰‘„š‡£Š­‹™‰è‡÷b÷
Ô“¿�ª�ª¨¦µ£´£¹—½‹Ã‹¼}³p³o¤g—_“j�f‹#û<_†#‚û8�áÉŽ±¶Áˆ‡ÍÄ Ž|�€�„“„“†™ˆŸ†ª‰Æ‹â÷e÷ˆß‡©ƒ½zµs­s¬f§[¡[¡x–u‹z‹w�uwûnû3�Ø�¾�£‹‘Œ�‹�‹‘‰�‰�ˆŽ‡�‡‹†‹‚‡~…mm(rûyr׶Š‡–•‡“†�„�ƒ�t�d�mŒr‹vû‡ûk‰+ƒ‰i†s„~‡„……ƒ‡ƒ‡�ˆ}‹,Šr�÷çŽÃøÝúÄÇ€�ƒ�†�…�‡‘ˆ‘„š‡£‹­Š™Šº‰Ü‰÷÷±�Ô�÷
�ÊŽµ�¡‹“Œ‘‹‘‹‘‰�ˆ�ˆŽ‡�‡‹…‹‚ˆ�…jg#rû#{rŠ ¨‹°¤�‡…•‘‡�…Ž…�}Žo�_�eŒ_‹z7q‰pˆq‰wˆ{‡�†��|}xwqxvy|qvo{k€k€l†k‹\‹d”kŸkŸv¥€¬€¬†Ä‹Ý÷w±�Õ�÷�Ç�´Ž¡‹“Œ‘‹‘‹‘‰�ˆ�ˆŽ‡�‡‹…‹‚ˆ�…jg#rû#{rŠ ¨‹°¤�‡…•‘‡�…Ž…�}Žo�_�eŒ_‹zû?wŠv‰w‰v‹uty�a•h•hšoŸu¥mªt¯}¯}¹ƒÁ‹³‹­�¨‘§“¨–¨›—‘—”˜˜Â»·³«‰gˆo‡u�½½Ž½·Íˆ‡ãÄeŒfŒ‡Œu÷e_uu€pll–q¡uu¡¥€«©¦–¡¡¡¡–¥ªª€¦u¡¡uq–lkq€uulüÄ•†“„��‘x�p‹(ûd‡ûk‰+ƒ‰i†s„~‡„……ƒ‡ƒ‡�ˆ}‹,Šr�÷
âŽÁÇ܈‡ñÄeŒfŒ‡Œ€�ƒ�†�…�‡‘ˆ‘„š‡£‹­Š™‰èˆ÷b÷jÖ�÷
‘÷"u›3aû
oû}rÙ¸ˆ†•ø�øú�í÷~Å÷œ°ë÷aÉ÷¯Ó•›˜£˜š™“™“¦�µ�dž#k‰tok��(oЉ¶…›ƒ“†�ƒ‹€‹‚‰�‰€€avnk<tûm@…~'ûw¥tÀkÛnÏû÷ÄpÍ~¶‹Ÿ—‘•˜“—’¶�Ó�dž)?‰sx:��ûo³‰£‰•‰–ˆ•…•�”�–w™m÷aüqÝûs•s�^¥góø}ùÇúf¨d¡bšb™`“^‹e‹?z9i9ip`iuhuzo‹g‹]”`�e�e¤l«u«uºwÇ{eywdkpwp�g‹~‹{’{›{›{®zÃygoqk:eun|p‚p‚r‡p‹m‹wšxª[ª[»eÌnËoÚ|ç‹÷‹î ä³ãµÎøѸӢыϋ¾�¹y²x³n©dŸdŸr•@‹ûl‡>‹v�m“w�|”�—�—‡š‹›‹™Ž˜“—–œ¦¥·®Ê‰½�±“Ä—Á¢¾­½­²µ¥»¥»™½‹¾­ƒ°|³÷n“™œ¦¥³ƒž‰g+‰ûüj\´²¿ ÌÉÀry··y¡i79uo_ff_xyr_c–¢ii¡q­y¸y·ƒ¹‹»‹ÖžÅ³´øaý妃 �›~›˜y–u–u’k�`‹z|zmym[_dqnqpj|e‹+‹@¤uºu¼pƋѱ’±™°“ ’™’‘Ž�§ À°›—™‘˜�¤ŽÉŒï‹÷‹Ì‰›‰û–ûÅà²÷
÷ ð÷:Þ÷uq§yyk€}‡ûp�?ƒy…u]z^v\u^giy7¤rú¶ø¡€¬ç›³ ½¥Å÷÷�ë÷c÷xüÑ»û锯™µž»µ÷¥Ï”¡¸÷ô÷Ž¯ß¦À�¢•™––™‘˜‘¥�²ŒÅ†;k‰]de��&qÔ‰¶†˜ƒ˜ƒ’}‹y‹wƒh|[o1eû[û@ûyw¼mÔdíû÷¶{²mÜ_÷zl;j=i=û'ûÝ?ûbuÉxÆ|Á.÷ÖwÍ‚´‹›”�“‘’‘’”�˜Ž��´�Ɍņ=8‰27<��bq½†«†˜†˜…–‚””~�[§8§7¦5¦2èûɵûëû÷?÷vss€ojj–o£ts¢§€­«§–££¢¢—§¬¬§t£¢to—jiott«÷jùªûò‡ûk‰+ƒ‰i†s„~‡„……ƒ‡ƒ‡�ˆ}‹,Šr�÷ Ꭺ­éˆ‡÷0Ä3‘u‘w‘�Žƒ�‡�‡�‡“‰—ˆ–‰¥‹µ‡÷ŠÜ‹·÷ú�µ�§¦¶‰‰ÅŸò�‘w‡w‰v‹!÷cß�•§•¦œ ¢š¡™©“¯‹¦‹£‡ŸƒŸƒ ~ z¢”‡÷:o“q�q‹fk„}pv€kq`ajk\vmbwo{k€g€g†n‹5ocr]twub÷“«øÕøj»÷šü«^û}ø¨ø}÷½“ÒÛˆ†ãÄeŒfŒ‡Œ€�ƒ�†�…�‡‘‰‘ƒš‡£‹­Š™‰èˆ÷bÆ–�â=÷û
÷ûÍg¶_¡w w¡x¢y·•²”­“­“´“½•¸bmŒ�xwŽw•wœwœoÇ'ñû÷.çuÃñÜåÕØÅË´³¥§šš�•Ž¤Ž²�ÉuiŠ~}jŒ�xû0û&&/_ehsxdhu€‘ø&�÷0‹ß�ð�÷Œ¬Œ“Œ’‹��‰�‰ŽŽˆ‡�‡†„‰‡ƒpo"sû*ypݹˆ‡•’ˆ�†�…���_Ž;�û�û‹ûü3‡ûkˆ+ƒ‰i‡s„~‡„……ƒ‡ƒ‡€ˆ}‹-Šr�ñáŽÑø
÷ì“øfƒÅ‹¼Ž²“‘ÝŽº�•�›‘º•Ùmd~s~a‰„ˆ‡‰‰‡‡‚ˆ}ˆ]�a„%‰%ˆ=Šs‹eÁ×÷÷a÷k÷£÷÷"Ùê¹»À†sl‰cû*û[��û‹ƒ„ŒnŒu‹{~‡k…ûß÷‘¦�›�‘������”�¥�·�Ñ�¿�«‹÷|>û[iytû)ûnû
û&3!e]upgb–]÷½“øí÷á“øéƒÝ‹Ð�Å”ã“÷�÷i†m�^}pƒgƒoƒwl~j‚g†g…n‰7‹û‹ Ž+“‡ËŠè‹÷‹÷Œî�ÎÝŽÊ�¸‹÷
Õ‡ƒ± †™ƒ““�l�zŽgц÷}�÷džo…e†\†p…ƒ…ƒ}…v‰sƒgˆ<‹i‹d�=��÷æŒË�ÑŽÕ£�²�ÃŽÂ�¯�›‹Õ‹Ö†Ö‚·…³�°|”s�m‹gÊ•÷‘Ñ�‘�§’¬–±p’m�i‹i‹"Šû$‰û†û±‘kÚ‰»ˆœ…œ…—ƒ““�f�l�4Œ2‹1ü“k‰?‡3ˆr†h…~‡‚„…‚‡u�]…e‹l�÷:⎔ù¶b÷zvevpvz=q60‹û_‹û7Èû÷û÷n÷7‹÷^‹÷œë«×«×´Ê½½½½Æ¯Í¢Í¢Û—ê�÷ë{kÍÍk¯z’jŒû
Ê�Õ’Í–Ä’®–¯š°zŽ]–aŸaŸl˜w’w’s�o‹û•‹û_eû(û û(û aûd‹ûh‹7–=¡e¡e«jµoµoÁtÍ[Í[Ùfäqãqë~ó‹ã‹Ü”ÖœÕ�اٳ²èz «�ü»¾š¨¿¿©»¶·Ã·Å«ÇžÊ�Ê•á‹÷ùb�÷d�é™�¾�«”™‘•–’�‘œ‘»ŽÚ�ˇ&(‰*/(��"kÙ‰»ˆ�…œ…—ƒ““�f�l�4�2‹1ýùû†;ƒl‚n}tx|w~pƒg‹w‹xŽ{�{’y”x™x~�kŒt{}ˆfšˆ˜‰™‹:÷;úo»Ä¸É³Ï³Ï·å¹÷n£qujxczƒg€p}w}wy\wa|lr`gt©tç»÷ßùø÷@ohysc~c~b…c‹o‹q™s§s§`¶kÆkÆ{ØŠë÷ÕÓÓ�‘Ó±�¶‘»•�¥�¢‹ž‹Õ}ÍoÆoÅ^ºo­o­gœa‹m‹r€wuc{bucobomsxvpms^vmvm�f‹?‹)ž5³b³bÂtÓgÒgÛxã‹·‹¶�³”³•¯—«™ ”­ž¹¨«Ó{œü¿ùÁ¹Ç¦×ÒÄrz¶µy¡>"‚Š{‡opŠ3egŒ�(w�g�y�‹÷£á¹Á¨ø¤t¢{š‚‘|”|�{‹q‹wƒ{|{|„y‹v‹{�}””Ÿ{©y÷Êûqßû³÷¼÷ßùø÷@ohysc~c~b…c‹o‹q™s§s§`¶kÆkÆ{ØŠë÷ÕÓÓ�‘Ó±�¶‘»•�¥�¢‹ž‹Õ}ÍoÆoÅ^ºo­o­gœa‹m‹r€wuc{bucobomsxvpms^vmvm�f‹?‹)ž5³b³bÂtÓgÒgÛxã‹·‹¶�³”³•¯—«™ ”­ž¹¨«Ó{œü¿ùÁ¹Ç¦×ÒÄrz¶µy¡>"‚Š{‡opŠ3egŒ�(w�g�y�‹÷£á¹Áø>ø9¨�žš”—”—�™‹š‹¡ƒž|š{šw“s‹|‹~ˆ……yzqqû³û¼ß÷Ë÷qø…ú›üŠ€�ƒ�†Ž…�‡‘ˆ‘„›‡£‹¬Š™Šº‰Û‰÷øÔ÷2�÷“Í�°™¼¡Éf¡$jy£^�b––aa‘_\_„~btƒ_vjgigasy}iqpovlvkya}w}w„v‹w‹û­#Ï.Ï-î]÷‹¥‹¨Ž­�÷⣛Ÿ—›”›”›”�”ûŸ€‰z‰5‰5Š_‡‰k‡t…|‡ƒ‡……†…ˆ‚‡€ˆ…‹a‰>‰s�Óâ�ñìà‰†ÔÃ�ef�‡ûnú»]Šû‰û@h`fjduct`€\‹q‹wš[ª[©f¼pÏpÎ~ҋ׋÷	¨æÅÍÅÍÒ¬à‹¹‹º€ºuºu°t¥q�aŒc‹eù`÷+ž„��{«m³y¼f¤g²n¿6ÍûÅ)­q•{˜s™p™mû	‰ûd‰-}‰w…kƒ~…�ƒz…y…[ˆ=Šk�÷ðŽ×Ú鈆÷
Ë;Œ[Žz‘z‘”ƒ—ƒ—‡°‰Ë‰áŠã‹æØ�ŽŸ“ ’ «ÄÄèå÷*Õ÷ÄÚí÷Îã°´¦û-ûiûÿaûbû
eûe÷ i÷m÷m÷
tá\Ëkµv¥�“�“x”q•û…\n³¨‡…žø
÷•ùŸ�¯‘’�”©–•©­‘³Áºu±±t¦n›h›g’z‹l5�5{4w4vlxeyt€uzuuuuxm{e{e„a‹]‹c¡r¸``¸Êvܱ«’—¥¤˜ÜÅ÷ò†ûd�ÍÁŽ³´»ˆ‡ÂÄj‘uŒ}Ž…�‚�…“‡•…™‰¢‹«÷¾�÷k‹Ë‚¾z±qÀe´w¨w§kš?‹w‹]„b}uwef7t‹zŒu‹o‹pŠv‹|À}“¡™«�³ø7ü�_w`e_q_q__‹z‹e˜p§o§~±‹½‹³“°�­–¡˜œ›—¤ž¶žÉ�È�Õ›âšû¢ûâúÖt¢{š‚‘|”|�{‹q‹wƒ{|{|„y‹v‹{�}””Ÿ{©y÷Êûqßû³÷¼û?÷6_uu€pll–q¡uu¡¦€ªª¦–¡¡¡¡–¥ªª€¦u¡¡up–lkq€uuûvøk¼·— ³³¢°­¯·®¹¦¿ŸÅ¥Þ™÷‹÷dˆ÷§›ŒÕŽ÷Œã�Ú�ÑŒ¯�§��‹“Œ‘‹‘‹‘‰�ˆ�ˆŽ‡�‡‹…‹‚ˆ�…jg#rû#{rŠ ¨‹°¤�‡…•‘‡�…Ž…�}Žo�_�eŒ_‹züÅq‰sˆ3ˆ5…m�d�f}lyrytvyu{ƒx†w‹ƒ‹|Œt�—d•’Š‹�øñ÷§‘È‘¯“—�‘–�›�½‘Ð�á‹÷)‘û=ŒiŒm‹oüÛˆûdŠ-}‰w…kƒ~…�ƒz…y…[ˆ<Šk�÷jóŽ¥Ç䈆÷Ë;Œ[Žz‘z‘”ƒ—ƒ—‡°‰Ë‰áŠã‹æøÝ÷Žâ’Ë÷¬¸‰ˆÅ欉•‰’‰�ˆ�ˆ�‡Ž†�ƒ�ƒŽj‘q“+Ë�÷&‘÷“Ötˆ4ˆû‰û9‡"‰^‹a‹7ŒûŽû0�ûŽcŽ‘mŽûŒû3É–ðúc÷‹”Ã߈…÷Ïm_Ž‘s{Ž€‘„”…‘‰’‹•‹ ”­Ÿ¹÷
÷•ø×÷ûÆ”s�x‹}�ˆƒ…………�†{ˆ{‡]‰aŠg÷Ö•´‹Ô‡ó…Ïvi�“||’}š£t´]ñf÷7ü?új1ûjqûpmûŽüÈ@û7`-sv_{p€�€�„~‡~‡j‰w‹g‘×ÒŽÌø�ƒ÷Žüïü�÷“øï«øùû¼û÷:÷z÷z÷s÷@‹÷b‹÷q¥÷;¿÷$¿÷$Û÷ö÷c¾veturfqezba?a?i6r-r-"‹û‹ûx±ûiØû9×û9÷û#÷"û¼·«÷ÚûgÄѽԵ׵׬á¤é¤é˜ó‹÷‹÷xd÷h?÷:>÷9û
÷#û"÷z`÷ûÜû¼û¼û ¤û@‹ûa‹ûrpû;wû$wû$;û!û´x¿²ÁÁÅÏø
øjž/zzq^mcgcg`2]û§rÅ ÍžÓ�“Ζƙ¿™¿œº ¶™ª¥¶¯Âm£ø>/z[q^mcgcg_2]û¨rÅ ÌžÓ�“Ζƙ¿™¿�ºŸ¶™ª¥¶¯Âm£ø=ø<n÷b÷#¼î÷÷íÂ÷÷Ã�»xµwµs¬m¥m¥\¡mžh—@—8–7–o—g˜u�f¤wªvª�·‹Ä‹é§×ÅÆÅÆØ©ì‹ÕÓweЧw¢vœs��Žs�%Ï�ÑŽÁ�¯�¯‘³•µq§l¡hšhšm“s‹-‹3w;e;dnubebewa‹=‹u•xŸ]Ÿ\¦e¬o«n¾rÑv¿Ê�Õ‚Õ�¼…¤‡²ƒ¬}¦w¥wŸr˜k˜k’e‹_‹q~uqyqyabslrlm|h‹]‹[’z›y›d�nŸmŸy�ƒ�ƒ�†Äˆíg‰û$„$�köw÷q÷‹ø
âú缻ĸɳϳϷå¹÷n¤qujwc{ƒg€p}w}wy\wa|kr`gu©sø>缻ĸɳϳϷå¹÷o¤pujwc{ƒg€p}w}wy\wa|kr`gu©sø
øÛ•£›‘‘��‰‰Ž�†Ž€ybŒ&û4üx‰@‡)‡)†o†w‡}†�ƒ„ƒƒ€†{‡{‡q‡&…n�÷v÷Ž«µõˆ†÷=È)�q�y�y�~“‚—‚—†§‰¸‡×Š÷‹÷(ø¸�÷c–÷Æq•gy<gûw7g=ndw��•9�†¯�Ö®÷¾ø
áø›3¨<¶g©[µc¿m¿mÉ{Ô‹Ç‹Á–»Ÿ» ´§­¯­®¨¶¤½£½žÃ™È¢õ—÷‹÷*÷�õw킵|¶vµvµq¯m¨m¨d£[ž[žx•s‹û‹0ichcgy6p$o#~û&‹ûr‹;“7›3÷hù} ãªÇ´­´¬ºœ¿‹º‹³~­s­s¥lže§o ?—/—/’#‹û‹û¢mûiq1bkql?‹^c—¤gg£o«y²oÄwÖç~ç…ê‹ë‹÷^•÷%¡ãø
÷[k÷ž÷
º÷Ø÷æñ÷Ð÷"Ã÷¨÷‹÷/‹÷xñeÚeÙxÇi´i´@ 8‹û‹û^5353`û‹û"û­)ÐccÏãgö°®�•«£’¡•Ÿ˜—’žš£¡³¯¯§© €ûp)a7u b6/m/m"]ûoxÍkñ	Ž˨×âÍgc¹¹c¢2#!r;[wv[lq=ryš©a`©l·wÃwÂċċ÷¤á¾Åø
÷äùx5ciw[j[isb‹;‹g›n¬t«t»`ÉlÉmÐ{׋á‹Ý ×²×³ÇĵԵԡՋÖýu·t¶k°b©l¡r«7³”ů¸¬©§²°§±�³�²”³‹´‹À|¼o¹n¸`®s¤s£k˜c‹û‹&g?c>ce4‹$gœo­w­wÆ[Ý`‚}÷‘c°x¿ÍΡÁ·µµ·Ç Ö»µ�w±±w§mŸdŸd•`‹[‹q}xpap`\`g`ûÈ9¼d±÷Üü ½l¯k iŸi–a‹z‹q~ws]s]gg]r\qxu‹v‹z—]¤]£i¯tºs¹€Á‹Éӛɫ¿«¾Á¼×ºô\Ùd½mø
÷p‘�÷í�Ź扉÷ljÁ‰»‰’–‡ ‰¥ª­�¨�¥„“6‚5‡3‹ük«¯º½ÉÉ÷?÷>÷÷àò´Ù´Ù Ú‹Û‹ÕyÍgÆgÅ[·o©o©aš4‹z‹^…b�a�h}ozoyhoac„,€/{2Ç¥îŸÇ™ ™ ¦ž³�³œ¹”Á‹ê‹Ôi½h±xŸo‹f‹b„`~^}^v]o[n[cwyqg?a\zyûsû|usecwqs»�É�×�ø
÷}y„ª±‡·÷\÷3Ö÷+÷Ùî³ö÷ÕyÏiÉhÉyºk¬k¬dœ>‹w‹[ƒa|`|[pveŽ÷m’÷•çÇ�̌ϋ÷l‹÷ˆè…•‘‰«‹¢™¦�ª�­†•û"ƒû
‡&‹ûû�“û~�‹~Œz�wŽu�vvûfsŠmŠfû‹´¶º°ª«›ž´¹•¾áÕosÊÊs«5û<}hososdbyoyop}i‹x‹y“[�zœlš}˜}˜fÈo÷znÍû7”s—h›^¯x­ª‚ø
÷€}ƒ±¶†ºõí¤½æå½ÒʽؽפًۋÁ½t·s·j®_£_£p�@•ÜÅÅííÜËŋßjÓiÇÆi2©û>d|nkcxaj_]mû„ɥўº—¥©¨¯¢³�³œ´”·‹Ó‹Ætº^º]£t‹k‹ctj_r_rlo:‹y‹gŒv�uû
—�¸�­—¢‘�¢¤Ž¦ÛÊry»ºy£d/e}mptoshc_r_qvk‹3‹džu³u³[×a÷tv¤0št�x’l“_•s¼u·}²‚ú²÷ubœ…—ƒ““�f�l�4Œ2‹1üc‰ûd‰-}‰w†kƒ~„�ƒz…y…[ˆ=Šk‘ñóŽóê舅åË;Œ[Žz‘z‘”ƒ—ƒ—‡°‰Ë‰áŠã‹æ÷x�÷6÷�õë÷"‰‡÷oûxˆûd‰-}‰w†kƒ~„�ƒz…z…[ˆ<Šk�èåŽãÝôˆ†÷Ë<Œ[Žz‘y‘”ƒ—ƒ—‡°ŠËˆáŠã‹æøc�÷dŒéŒ™�¾�«”™‘•–’�‘œ‘»ŽÚ�ˇûc*‰wu)��û#kÚ‰»ˆœ…œ…—ƒ““�f�l�4�2‹1û†4û‰û$ûqû4��û÷�÷dŒéŒ™�¾�«“™‘•—’œ‘œ‘»ŽÛ�Ëû®…ûÆ‘kÚ‰»ˆœ…útíø5«+»:ÊhÉhØyæiåiízô‹÷z‹÷rÕ÷+÷*÷+÷)×÷o‹÷u‹ÑƒÌ|É|ÈwÀr¹iÇ^Ãq¾q¾b´1ª1ª'›û‹û‹!x/g.g8ubdacw;k2k1|*‹"‹-›-¬+÷où3³åÈÏÛ»Ûºè£õ‹Ô‹ÏËuÊt¾o³j³j­d¨_§_¢y�u§1™*‹!‹ûwûd,d,pa<w;w.q ‹=‹e—k¥k¥r³wÁwÁbÏkÛwº{ÃÍ~Ì…Ë‹Ë‹÷Ÿð³åúc÷bbœ…—ƒ““�f�l�4Œ2‹1ünû”/žu™a¦c³c²cÄk×sÖtä~ò‹ã‹Û–ӟӟǨ¹±È½µÄ¢Í¢Ì—÷‹÷9÷ã�÷dŒéŒ™�¾�«“™‘•—’œ‘œ‘»ŽÛ�Ë…û8‰]x;�‘ûkÙ‰»ˆ�…œ…—ƒ““�f�l�4�2‹1ûÈ3‡c…r…r€^}k}jumnqnq`tqyqyh‚a‹k‹q‘w™w™a�m¢c©m°y¹y¹‚é‹÷$ø�÷dŒéŒ™�¾�«”™‘•–’�‘œ‘»ŽÚ�Ë…--‰--&�‘ûkÚ‰»ˆœ…øí÷µ“÷¶ƒë‹Þ˜Ñ¦é¯×ÂÇÖÇÖ©â‹î‹½‚¸{´z³r®k§k§c¡[™[™l–=“Å™»›¯�¯�¬¢©§©§¢­�²�±”µ‹·‹Â|½m¸m¸b¬wŸvŸ@•*‹ü‚ûd�i‹p‹u�lЊ¹†¡‚”‡’„�ƒ‘}�iŽt�3�>‹jüïi‰yˆjˆjˆa‡wˆ~‡‚‡†††t~bw\�ãÆŽ«õú¹÷Žà‘Õ½Á�ÄñØxfÀÀf¦o8[‚b{h{gvoswrvhz^^~k…9‹n‹jŒe�÷‚ýoø�·°�¨÷åtÁÁt´h§[¦[™q‹e‹d|lnuntbbupupd~3‹s‹w‘y—‰÷!Šä‹°ø}÷pbœ…—ƒ““�f�l�4Œ2‹1üc‰ûd‰-}‰w†kƒ~„�ƒz…y…[ˆ=Šk�÷$÷Ž×ß߈†àË<Œ[Žz‘y‘”ƒ—ƒ—‡°ŠËˆáŠã‹æ÷^�½»�»÷ᆃ±Ÿ†—„‘‚Ž…�d“c’kÊ„÷‰’÷xlƒm„z…o…ƒ…ƒ†xˆx‚g‡7‹q‹iŒa�÷r�÷�ØŒ�ŒªŽ­�¯Ó“Ð�ϋ΋ƈ¾…¾…¶ƒ®•_”m‘;Ê�÷%–ðœÄj�f�cŒcŒ^Œ[‹]‹4‰û‰ûˆ2Šy‹d‹5�&�kÚ‰»ˆœ…vøЀ¦ÛŸÄ—®—®š³�¸÷÷Û÷[ø‚÷xüý³ûÅû9Õûpñ÷øw«÷
 Ö•­ò÷å¹÷-§ã•¢•¡—››”š“ª�¹ŒÇ†%d‰bcc��%oéˆÀ†—…—…‘�‹}‹ƒ…lwqûoûm!û>üéûù z÷t÷6n÷rklûhkû>kû5û‹üûû1ùiƒ«}Öu÷ƒµ‡¨�™�””�—‘¾�ã�Ç…û4‰xq7�‘ûoу´�˜€—€™i™q÷uýËæü5ðú;÷Ä“§Æ‰‰æˆÐŠ´÷씟ÑџϨ˲˱ÇÀÃÍÃÍ·Ù¬ä«ãœê‹ñ‹÷!h÷fíeí7Ð(µ'µû û7‹t‹>‰(‰ˆ(=Šr@5��*lЊ¹†¡‚”‡’„�ƒ‘}�iŽt�3�>‹jü,uˆ,‡ûˆ:ˆl‡^qyjweu[�ñÒŽ´å÷¯ˆ÷Êø#�÷%ŒÞ�Å�¬—ßß’Ý÷0÷s\åä[Îg·2·2¢!‹û‹47t:t:jiaw`w_c]q]ptvk}k|a„7‹9‹>‘b˜‡Õ‰Ç»ø
÷w�¥«‰ˆ±¥Ò°àºîÈ÷Ó÷"Ý÷,÷	÷lÕ÷ªÃ÷$÷“Ç�ûjû(‡8e=��û.�b�v�w�Ži�t`†û›Æ¨÷n“—��‘�”�™‘´�Î�Í�Ì�É‹÷Ê•�{muƒ})û?>ûr.û!ûy3û#hsû
û@i$ti vŽ¬ª�§÷jbœ…—ƒ““�f�l�4Œ2‹1üc‰ûd‰-}‰w†kƒ~„�ƒz…y…[ˆ=Šk÷�“÷…ƒË;Œ[Žz‘z‘”ƒ—ƒ—‡°‰ËˆáŠã‹æùqørþuÏû%’{“w”r²·÷­Û¡½©Ï¶æÁ÷÷íùfýrˆûd‰-}‰w†kƒ~…�ƒz…y…[ˆ<Šk‘÷,Âꈅ÷Ë;Œ[Žz‘z‘”ƒ—ƒ—‡°‰ËˆáŠã‹æøc�÷d�錙Œ¾�«”™‘•—’œ‘œ‘»ŽÛ�ˈ'bŠ_zoŒŽek8mû.ûvûêý_üù zïu÷	q÷ˆomŠkkhŒŽekÚ‰»ˆœ…ùb÷qbœ…—ƒ““�f�l�4Œ2‹1üc‰ûd‰-}‰w†kƒ~„�ƒz…y…[ˆ=Šk�÷+÷ŽËÚ∆êË<Œ[Žz‘y‘”ƒ—ƒ—‡°ŠËˆáŠã‹æøp�÷l�쌕Œª�­Ž¯ÍŸÎ–Ћ÷
‹ÝrÁ[Á[¦j‹9‹-k?mrlq/oû
‹y‹pŒi��mÊbÎ:Ñ2¶u½gÄ;ñû&Ó*·yÄ�»�³‹±‹·‰¾‡ËiuŒ��…�…Ž…�•a¿cèû�÷àmÛc¿{£æŸÕ§Ä°Ä¯·¹©Ã©ÂšÃ‹Ã‹Ç{Âk¾k¾]°q¢q¡.—û‹z‹o‰#‡ˆ;pŠeût�uŒdŒqŒkÚ‰»ˆœ…û÷?úss€ojj–o£ts¢§€­«§–££¢¢—§¬¬§t£¢to—jiottýwss€ojj–o£ts¢§€­«§–££¢¢—§¬¬§t£¢to—jiottú°÷É’Ñ̈‡ÆÊe^�•u��„‘‡•…—†­‰Ã†ã‰Ø‹Íù“ùyýã÷û7¥k³[ÃmŸs˜~�ˆŽˆ�‰�Š£†òm‡÷žŠ÷i‹íøuÊ�×�ã�Ä�®’˜�”‘’•�¡”¸�ьʈmfŠ?:;ŒŽ=lЊ¹†¡‚”‡’„�ƒ‘}�iŽt�3Ž>‹jýoq¤l®f·pÍ=ç+÷ûÂøûc÷“p®aÂsÕˆ[zŠ[neŒŽûlÁŠ­‰›ˆ›ˆ™„—��z—}‘�„�}‹uýÃk‰?‡3ˆr†h…~‡‚„…‚‡u�]…e‹l�åߎÙøß÷zbœ…—ƒ““�f�l�4Œ2‹1üc‰ûd‰-}‰w†kƒ~„�ƒz…y…[ˆ=Šk�÷nóŽ¢Å分÷Ë;Œ[Žz‘z‘”ƒ—ƒ—‡°‰Ë‰áŠã‹æøŒ÷*Ž÷‘Ò¡ÓÏ—ËÑÇs½½s°g£]£]˜w‹r‹o~urzrzhf^s^s\y‹i‹\‘p™ a�¼¹‡¶½¹‘—³ŜĨÁ³Á³´½§Å§ÅšÅ‹Æ‹ÌzÅi¾i¾[°o£n¢8—!‹|‹{Šz‹û1†‰pt‹w=!��ûkÚ‰»ˆœ…øí÷Ö“øäƒÓ‹ÀŒ®�›Œ Ž§‘™÷™÷šïhcû:„qƒtƒws?ûûp@@��?ˆ·ŠÄÑù4�÷dŒéŒ™�¾�«“™‘•—’œ‘œ‘»ŽÛ�Ë…û)+‰ad&�‘û6kÚ‰»ˆœ…œ…—ƒ““�f�l�4Œ2‹1ü®y‰u‰0‰m‡c…yˆ�†„……q|bxw�ÍÌŽËû÷cúss€ojj–o£ts¢§€­«§–££¢¢—§¬¬§t£¢to—jiottû5ûià²÷
÷ ð÷9Þ÷vq§yyk€}‡ûp�?ƒy…u]z]v\u^giy7¤sùÑù©�—±–¬•¨•§˜­›³Ø÷y÷Ìù”¶í¤Á‘•“™•”•�•�©�¾�ˇ/d‰wx?��'k䄾…™‡œ…”�‹{‹ƒn}\hûg%e-û™ý#ûÍùªuÁrÒoä�¦‡œ“’�‘�‘�‘”�˜�˜�ºŒÝ�Ò…û0‰uq2�‘ûkŇ°…š…•‡”„‘ƒ“}¢w¯2÷èýÝÊû:µûŸqðvør÷
øû
ú%„÷¥Ç�Ì“ÓÖ·…»k†m‰o‹ûÌ’néˆÈ‡¥†¥†œ„‘�‘�Žh‹qûpˆ`…qew\{t€tr†q‹û‹û
¦-Ã-ÃaÛsôsôp÷
‹÷‹÷¢÷»ð»ïÑÙèÁçÁ÷¦÷‹ÈÀ†ƒ··‚ÄzÏq²w¨v�s“z�}Œ�‹€Œ}Œz�ûÈ“ð’Α¬�«“­•­$§/¢9›9›>”aŒû2‹ûu aeod_eqepp@\0\0tû‹ûû(«ûÍûÌû
è6÷o÷o÷m÷.‹ñ‹÷–÷¡Ë—Þ¤ñ°ƒÑ‡Ì‹Çø
ù«’-t.d1s1s=kjaiax2e%e$yû‹û
‹ûe³ûÛ/Û/ð]÷‹Ò‹Ç—¼¡¼¢¶§±­±¬®¼«ÌªÊ›Õ‹á‹÷këlÍkÍ2¬û‹i‹oˆs…s…y…}„}ƒmu[fx}nvep’á›×¤Í¤Í±Ì¿Ê¾ÊÍÃܽۼ٬՜—b®üŸý㕪¥©³§Ã²ÄŸÆ‹¹‹·~µsµr«d£w£w—n‹e‹b~jsssskbcrcra]‹ik‘˜nn—r�v£v¢z¥~©~¨�©„ª¿…¿‹À‹Ë�º–ª:÷Ìœ[pwpsqŠcŒaŽ^Ž^’>–û¥û™šûz‘ûž�½¤÷ÏÀøÍõhûû&ss€ojj–o£ts¢§€­«§–££¢¢—§¬¬§t£¢to—jiottø
ù“Ø÷ˆ†÷$Æ)n‘—r‘ƒ“‡•�£†Ð‹÷ξ¹Å‰‡ÏˆÕ‹•Œ¡�­‡q@ˆ1÷c£Œ÷�÷ŒŒ÷	Žî�Ûr—ƒˆn€ywnyƒ„ˆûûqûûxûû`5û fûx+œu�é÷�÷
÷oavˆx…z‡m„w‚€ƒƒ…y‡y‡n‰#‰p�÷ôŽßûÃùÇç÷+Ý÷Ôô‚ý[ü?­ÍÊ÷
ç÷,÷—øhøy œ‡—ƒœ‡�‹�‹¤“¥›¦¢³º¿ÓËÓ˾½©®©­£±œµœµ”¶‹¹‹Æ{Âl¾l½^²p§o§h™a‹z‹_…ccbxaq=û�’�À…£Àž²š¤“™–š™™ ” ’¡� � Ž¡‹Ô‹Çtº_¹^£u‹l‹f‚g{is[]miah@atyiyhƒhik©vÇbµ«ûûsss€ojj–o£ts£§€¬¬§–££¢¢—§¬¬§t£¢so—jiottøãøû‚øÕ+"ü×øÕöúcõ÷8ixt~‡~‡|‰y‹û
‹û¶û
ãÅǶť¥™ŋȋ¦‡¨ƒªî�ë„ç|�·’¹—½4oŠŠi†û9‰aiuŽ‘_j,”~é‰À‰—ˆ�‡™€•z™o“d‹y‹5i:g?fÂ@Ù;ï;ïkë]çñÐÕйѹТ͋ʋÆz¹k­¬k^œril„~ou�nvflmuhlƒ‚ƒ‚‚y�q{eƒe‹d‹:Ÿ3³+#q<kweveq9‹.‹kšj«k«kºxÉfÉgØxæ‹Ô‹Í–Æ Å ÓµáÊÕnÓ_Óq³z¾‚Ç‹¢‹£Ž£�·¯¨¢™–”’¨ ¼®~¿þŸú\µ�¬–¥–¥›� —Ÿ—¢‘¤‹§‹¤~¡r¡r–l‹e‹_z\kwkw\\o`hïzÛ‹É÷þ©psšªvvªa·lÅkÄ|ŋƋƘ¿¦¸¥¸·¸È·µa²k¯w¯v´v·w«dÇhå+9m7l7‹útùû^�•œ“š�™�™�™‹±‹ôn÷>qålÉw¯€¯‚®„­†­‡ ˆ•‹˜˜˜–™”™–£™¯Ÿ�•›•™•¾}_g„qc[“˜ssš3«û
»u¡a›o’n”k’g‘÷$–÷³÷Ò÷ÑâèÇ÷Ç÷©÷‹÷#‹÷uõ`èkÏ\ÊoÄoÄ?¸0¬/«$œû‹û|‹ûneû"ûû"ûdûe‹ûj‹û&ªûÊû
Éûß4ótót÷o÷=‹ku4uû
5jèÁû‚‡ïé÷¾÷5ãÛ{lÓÓlÆ`»sºs°d§4§3™,‹%‹ûvûc*b)ob;z;y-s ‹<‹f—q¤p£w­_·^¶e½mÅmÄsÎy×y׃ы͋÷[¹÷*éðø”ù
endstream
endobj
35 0 obj
<<
/fontfile3 34 0 r
/xheight 0
/ascent 2039
/type/fontdescriptor
/descent -989
/flags 34
/stemh 0
/fontname/jcuztl+palatino-roman
/capheight 2039
/fontbbox[-230 -483 1094 996]
/italicangle 0
/stemv 0
>>
endobj
36 0 obj
<<
/subtype/type1
/basefont/jcuztl+palatino-roman
/widths[250 278 0 0 0 0 778 0 333 333 0 0 250 333 250 606 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 250 250 0 0 0 444 0 778 611 709 774 611 556 763 832 337 333 0 611 946 831 786 604 786 668 525 613 778 722 1000 0 667 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 553 444 611 479 333 556 582 291 234 556 291 883 582 546 601 560 395 424 326 603 565 834 516 556 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 0 0 0 0 479 479 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1000 500 500 0 278]
/lastchar 213
/name/f2
/firstchar 32
/fontdescriptor 35 0 r
/encoding 33 0 r
/type/font
>>
endobj
37 0 obj
<<
/differences[32/space 44/comma 48/zero/one/two/three/four/five/six/seven/eight/nine 67/c 69/e 72/h 74/j 83/s/t 97/a 99/c/d/e/f/g/h/i 108/l/m/n/o/p 114/r/s/t/u/v/w]
/baseencoding/macromanencoding
/type/encoding
>>
endobj
38 0 obj
<<
/subtype/type1c
/length 3321
/length1 3321
>>
stream




wlgkab+helvetica-bold

@øø
øøøû>ûwú}úw
‹‹
‹‹


q²Ò

€�•002.001copyright © 1994-1997 stream technologies inc. all rights reserved.
 helsinki is a trademark of stream technologies inc.helsinki boldhelsinki


$$boej
+pvsmg&wnfud
4qh5xit)&
0|Î
n
–
ø #[¢é.e}©Ôe§ã1w¶c®'|Éë/và	v	€	¸
@
µ1- vø}î÷w÷�÷!û÷èøùzû8td w(Ð÷<ü}- v÷0÷
øqw÷Æ÷ û÷èø¡÷0÷
<øqû4û—üdûÐ÷«û0÷ ÷0ûø3Š'Š#%ûeÈ÷e÷ÆÓx÷øƒ÷
·ùù?÷‰û)*n_f6ûhç÷,÷4Íæ÷
Þµi1§÷(÷-~ûðûaû]ûû'û|û|÷û$÷^÷;öæ÷a°-}ïjv÷zÜ÷÷¨÷÷q÷|ø¡ u’‚£¿÷´ë;Åûû0fuû€÷½�§£Àʨx`t|}i†ûx${xr‹*ü.ËmëÓ²�ÆÉ|Œq��”püz÷srs[k`q¤²»¡žÒ˜ИˆŠ©œd vø?÷|wÌ÷û÷ ÷]÷ôø´ø÷dÏûc_rh`‰ôØûü§ì÷ ÷Äص¹ÑǨieû×d}÷;vø<÷÷?w­÷$÷|÷û÷zø¸ùaüûû“‰Ê^d dû5ûû;û@äû÷Ͼ¦Á®�zhúŽ÷˜&^q=e^ÊìóµÆÖÚµr ü vø§wÞ÷
Ð÷ ÷eøæ÷û û÷ üæø§û ü§ü-y÷
øúw
¡÷÷a÷*øw÷dø‘û*ü‘?snnks±ò¦ûlûoÌd÷a÷'×Ø÷)d}÷	÷Ù÷

­÷#÷•÷#øÕ÷ž÷?!÷
û9û:!û
û?ûaó ÷<÷;ó÷÷@û# _s76_Ãöô¸ÄßÞ¸r"d}÷
8vø§wÍ÷ ÷[÷û÷ôø³ø§øûûÇb`\iom¬Ì÷Ýû ûñûÍc÷Ö¾§È¯ô�@û™ vø(÷"|wË÷û÷ ðøø%÷"Ž†‹�jgp<_‰ðæûü§è÷ ÷¨ß··ß–”Š‰Ÿü vùaw
Ð÷ ÷eùaû ýaûÑ vøeíÜ÷
á÷ ÷Ñøeí0 ¿‘“µ²÷�h€‹q#xz%_?)×üe÷ øeœ‹÷÷o÷÷+÷
×÷'ù÷ü!÷o÷ð÷ûð÷+ø÷ü¢ýa- vø§w
˜ø¤ø±ø§û'ûü‰ûøû/÷tü§÷&÷ƒ vø?÷
û	÷
|wË÷ û ÷÷e÷÷>÷ ëùÌø÷
cÐûo`qpfçÎ_jžcf^pjg‰÷Øûü§ë÷ ÷×Ш¯ÄÉ¢n:ûÒ÷÷ÒëÓ«°É½¥m@ûÖ-}÷÷æ÷÷¢÷#û#÷ ÷p÷#ôø¢÷x¤÷p2ôû5û4.%ûdûiç&÷9÷ÚÂ÷¯û#cyny\ìadµä„ô÷pæûmÚ˜«¬Êʯf@•ûÑ…õ÷ßï
Ý÷ ÷Ȉõ‰|„Š^„‘±÷³áï5÷%û û%c'ÓûÕ7³kò�ž™Œ�«-}÷÷Û÷

­÷$÷`÷!øŸ÷vû!kjnshgÁ÷
õ³ÅÕº©pp˜÷!÷ƒ+Ôûû71$ûoû?å(÷/÷åØ÷�ü‹÷%
÷(Í÷jž÷û*û%ß„dvrtxvð£»Äõ-x÷÷™÷÷÷	
¦÷÷`÷$ø–÷€÷0ìûzg€na¥÷.÷´÷	ü[ü÷†�®©›¶‹Ë´y>:avkqmªÎ�ûû•â>÷ ÷*ïñ÷-œw÷÷i÷
$÷'÷6÷²÷"û÷÷¥÷#û÷%Õù	÷lòsÃû¬öûc·s™v ‹´À¼¬×æºhb•÷#÷$„ âû;ûa&8û"û*õo÷nÙØyîtªv‹^nyl&,z°Ùƒû"�c™d±a¿såk÷
‹÷@‹÷ç‹÷$dûnv÷u÷÷Ù÷
{wÉ÷û÷!÷{÷#êøÕ÷¤÷82÷ûacsf^‰úØûývæ÷!÷¦�Œ­r¹rЋ÷á÷÷dû#‚)^keê?\Æé÷´ÆÙÖ·o$dûmõ÷÷
÷É÷|w³÷#÷z÷û÷Úø¼¨øŠû<‰üËmx©dû4!û<û?â#÷!д£Ä«Ž‡l4hh>kt˜´�û,#—Þs÷'÷�’÷.çû÷„*er:g`Çéê¶ÇÎ×·j1-‹÷øh÷

«÷÷]÷ ø’÷ûȨÄ÷ÏÊÅÀ»¨Â‹Ú‹÷(ãû'‹û'‹<6†û9÷î�¥¬Òdzbl4gkû4û*js„û-x÷øŽ÷
«÷$÷_÷$øŸ÷î÷Œ=÷û<û;=ûûŒûŽØû÷<÷=Ø÷÷Žû$Œûrqk?@qË÷r÷p¥ËÖ×¥kûpd vøã÷
÷z÷+øèøã÷üÚû÷lüã÷+øã÷ vø§w
•ùˆù’ø§û#9üˆ<øû!@ü‰8øû(÷)ü§÷%ÝøŽÞü÷"d vø@÷÷>wÌ÷û÷ ÷]÷ôøµø÷
cÑûcvnuoˆ÷‘ûýaì÷ ÷Åß³²ÕƧjcû×-}õ÷ðõ©÷#û÷û÷÷a÷ Ôøš÷9÷dûá?‹ê©«�ÀǨuz‘÷÷„;Åû-û;d ûx÷ÝÊ‹3ggxvÌ=h¢Âˆäû#û�ëe÷0÷#æÐ÷-x÷÷‘÷èvÎ÷ª÷û÷÷f÷úø›÷}÷4ãûqi|`fŠ�‘Õš÷
ë‹¿ w\”÷÷	}=Éûûa2û
û‘û…Þû	÷@÷ìô÷'û‡8ewnöi^ÁÙÖ´¹Íȵ[eÓ v÷Õ÷÷¤w
Òø×ùùaû*û¤û«÷¤û*ýa÷*÷Õ÷«ûÕ- vøÓ÷
÷÷%ø£øäöü‡ˆû÷ôû1ûl;ûl}ûc÷%�÷q÷÷c÷"÷8-x÷÷sõ÷d÷«÷$û÷÷e÷û
÷#êøŸ÷kÜs²:»ìÁ©¥·Ì÷3Õûû1<ûi¦_Æmò?dlx8ûê4÷*÷(íè÷!ìû2÷¼vhgwvf±À¾¯­Á¾¯gxòšûÆia]ooa¹Î̳¸Æʵ_h-x÷÷÷÷Ž÷©÷÷d÷$û÷ôø�÷í÷Š9÷û<û(.-û*û á-÷˯›¸¯�ˆ‡ûchb‹[p¢º„ûûœÜh÷
÷8é÷÷{øû$÷?c[lid¸Ùß´¶Çϲ];-x÷÷mï÷o÷¦÷û÷÷m÷ û
÷$êø˜÷gÜdÆg£�ìȯ¢±Î÷0Øûû1:û&Š÷ÜŽ­­Å®htiel:v'ò÷‰²q<k^]nhl°â†ûû)‰æ3÷,÷(ïè÷wŸø§š÷,—’Ÿ˜‹÷£—ü|‹õ
÷ Œ
_÷ªù
endstream
endobj
39 0 obj
<<
/fontfile3 38 0 r
/xheight 737
/ascent 750
/type/fontdescriptor
/descent -205
/flags 262176
/stemh 0
/fontname/wlgkab+helvetica-bold
/capheight 717
/fontbbox[-170 -227 1001 963]
/italicangle 0
/stemv 140
>>
endobj
40 0 obj
<<
/subtype/type1
/basefont/wlgkab+helvetica-bold
/widths[278 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 278 0 0 0 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 722 0 667 0 0 722 0 556 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 667 611 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 556 0 556 611 556 333 611 611 278 0 0 278 889 611 611 611 0 389 556 333 611 556 778]
/lastchar 119
/name/f3
/firstchar 32
/fontdescriptor 39 0 r
/encoding 37 0 r
/type/font
>>
endobj
41 0 obj
<<
/differences[32/space]
/baseencoding/macromanencoding
/type/encoding
>>
endobj
42 0 obj
<<
/subtype/type1c
/length 313
/length1 313
>>
stream




svajfs+helvetica-bold

@øø
øøøû>ûwú}úw
‹‹
‹‹


²


€�•002.001copyright © 1994-1997 stream technologies inc. all rights reserved.
 helsinki is a trademark of stream technologies inc.helsinki boldhelsinki




üwŸø§š÷,—’Ÿ˜‹÷£—ü|‹õ
÷ Œ
_÷ªù
endstream
endobj
43 0 obj
<<
/fontfile3 42 0 r
/xheight 737
/ascent 750
/type/fontdescriptor
/descent -205
/flags 262178
/stemh 0
/fontname/svajfs+helvetica-bold
/capheight 717
/fontbbox[-170 -227 1001 963]
/italicangle 0
/stemv 140
>>
endobj
44 0 obj
<<
/subtype/type1
/basefont/svajfs+helvetica-bold
/widths[278]
/lastchar 32
/name/f4
/firstchar 32
/fontdescriptor 43 0 r
/encoding 41 0 r
/type/font
>>
endobj
45 0 obj
<<
/kids[46 0 r 47 0 r 48 0 r 49 0 r 50 0 r 51 0 r]
/type/pages
/count 6
/parent 52 0 r
>>
endobj
46 0 obj
<<
/contents 4 0 r
/parent 45 0 r
/resources<</procset[/pdf/text]/font<</f1 32 0 r/f0 28 0 r/f4 44 0 r/f3 40 0 r/f2 36 0 r>>/extgstate<</gs2 3 0 r/gs0 1 0 r/gs1 2 0 r>>>>
/mediabox[0 0 432 648]
/type/page
>>
endobj
47 0 obj
<<
/contents 5 0 r
/parent 45 0 r
/resources<</procset[/pdf/text]/font<</f1 32 0 r/f3 40 0 r/f2 36 0 r>>/extgstate<</gs2 3 0 r/gs0 1 0 r/gs1 2 0 r>>>>
/mediabox[0 0 432 648]
/type/page
>>
endobj
48 0 obj
<<
/contents 6 0 r
/parent 45 0 r
/resources<</procset[/pdf/text]/font<</f1 32 0 r/f0 28 0 r/f3 40 0 r/f2 36 0 r>>/extgstate<</gs2 3 0 r/gs0 1 0 r/gs1 2 0 r>>>>
/mediabox[0 0 432 648]
/type/page
>>
endobj
49 0 obj
<<
/contents 7 0 r
/parent 45 0 r
/resources<</procset[/pdf/text]/font<</f3 40 0 r/f2 36 0 r>>/extgstate<</gs2 3 0 r/gs0 1 0 r/gs1 2 0 r>>>>
/mediabox[0 0 432 648]
/type/page
>>
endobj
50 0 obj
<<
/contents 8 0 r
/parent 45 0 r
/resources<</procset[/pdf/text]/font<</f1 32 0 r/f3 40 0 r/f2 36 0 r>>/extgstate<</gs2 3 0 r/gs0 1 0 r/gs1 2 0 r>>>>
/mediabox[0 0 432 648]
/type/page
>>
endobj
51 0 obj
<<
/contents 9 0 r
/parent 45 0 r
/resources<</procset[/pdf/text]/font<</f1 32 0 r/f3 40 0 r/f2 36 0 r>>/extgstate<</gs2 3 0 r/gs0 1 0 r/gs1 2 0 r>>>>
/mediabox[0 0 432 648]
/type/page
>>
endobj
53 0 obj
<<
/kids[54 0 r 55 0 r 56 0 r 57 0 r 58 0 r 59 0 r]
/type/pages
/count 6
/parent 52 0 r
>>
endobj
54 0 obj
<<
/contents 10 0 r
/parent 53 0 r
/resources<</procset[/pdf/text]/font<</f1 32 0 r/f3 40 0 r/f2 36 0 r>>/extgstate<</gs2 3 0 r/gs0 1 0 r/gs1 2 0 r>>>>
/mediabox[0 0 432 648]
/type/page
>>
endobj
55 0 obj
<<
/contents 11 0 r
/parent 53 0 r
/resources<</procset[/pdf/text]/font<</f1 32 0 r/f3 40 0 r/f2 36 0 r>>/extgstate<</gs2 3 0 r/gs0 1 0 r/gs1 2 0 r>>>>
/mediabox[0 0 432 648]
/type/page
>>
endobj
56 0 obj
<<
/contents 12 0 r
/parent 53 0 r
/resources<</procset[/pdf/text]/font<</f3 40 0 r/f2 36 0 r>>/extgstate<</gs2 3 0 r/gs0 1 0 r/gs1 2 0 r>>>>
/mediabox[0 0 432 648]
/type/page
>>
endobj
57 0 obj
<<
/contents 13 0 r
/parent 53 0 r
/resources<</procset[/pdf/text]/font<</f1 32 0 r/f3 40 0 r/f2 36 0 r>>/extgstate<</gs2 3 0 r/gs0 1 0 r/gs1 2 0 r>>>>
/mediabox[0 0 432 648]
/type/page
>>
endobj
58 0 obj
<<
/contents 14 0 r
/parent 53 0 r
/resources<</procset[/pdf/text]/font<</f3 40 0 r/f2 36 0 r>>/extgstate<</gs2 3 0 r/gs0 1 0 r/gs1 2 0 r>>>>
/mediabox[0 0 432 648]
/type/page
>>
endobj
59 0 obj
<<
/contents 15 0 r
/parent 53 0 r
/resources<</procset[/pdf/text]/font<</f3 40 0 r/f2 36 0 r>>/extgstate<</gs2 3 0 r/gs0 1 0 r/gs1 2 0 r>>>>
/mediabox[0 0 432 648]
/type/page
>>
endobj
60 0 obj
<<
/kids[61 0 r 62 0 r 63 0 r 64 0 r 65 0 r 66 0 r]
/type/pages
/count 6
/parent 52 0 r
>>
endobj
61 0 obj
<<
/contents 16 0 r
/parent 60 0 r
/resources<</procset[/pdf/text]/font<</f1 32 0 r/f3 40 0 r/f2 36 0 r>>/extgstate<</gs2 3 0 r/gs0 1 0 r/gs1 2 0 r>>>>
/mediabox[0 0 432 648]
/type/page
>>
endobj
62 0 obj
<<
/contents 17 0 r
/parent 60 0 r
/resources<</procset[/pdf/text]/font<</f1 32 0 r/f3 40 0 r/f2 36 0 r>>/extgstate<</gs2 3 0 r/gs0 1 0 r/gs1 2 0 r>>>>
/mediabox[0 0 432 648]
/type/page
>>
endobj
63 0 obj
<<
/contents 18 0 r
/parent 60 0 r
/resources<</procset[/pdf/text]/font<</f1 32 0 r/f3 40 0 r/f2 36 0 r>>/extgstate<</gs2 3 0 r/gs0 1 0 r/gs1 2 0 r>>>>
/mediabox[0 0 432 648]
/type/page
>>
endobj
64 0 obj
<<
/contents 19 0 r
/parent 60 0 r
/resources<</procset[/pdf/text]/font<</f0 28 0 r/f3 40 0 r/f2 36 0 r>>/extgstate<</gs2 3 0 r/gs0 1 0 r/gs1 2 0 r>>>>
/mediabox[0 0 432 648]
/type/page
>>
endobj
65 0 obj
<<
/contents 20 0 r
/parent 60 0 r
/resources<</procset[/pdf/text]/font<</f3 40 0 r/f2 36 0 r>>/extgstate<</gs2 3 0 r/gs0 1 0 r/gs1 2 0 r>>>>
/mediabox[0 0 432 648]
/type/page
>>
endobj
66 0 obj
<<
/contents 21 0 r
/parent 60 0 r
/resources<</procset[/pdf/text]/font<</f1 32 0 r/f3 40 0 r/f2 36 0 r>>/extgstate<</gs2 3 0 r/gs0 1 0 r/gs1 2 0 r>>>>
/mediabox[0 0 432 648]
/type/page
>>
endobj
67 0 obj
<<
/kids[68 0 r 69 0 r]
/type/pages
/count 2
/parent 52 0 r
>>
endobj
68 0 obj
<<
/contents 22 0 r
/parent 67 0 r
/resources<</procset[/pdf/text]/font<</f3 40 0 r/f2 36 0 r>>/extgstate<</gs2 3 0 r/gs0 1 0 r/gs1 2 0 r>>>>
/mediabox[0 0 432 648]
/type/page
>>
endobj
69 0 obj
<<
/contents 23 0 r
/parent 67 0 r
/resources<</procset[/pdf/text]/font<</f1 32 0 r/f0 28 0 r/f3 40 0 r/f2 36 0 r>>/extgstate<</gs2 3 0 r/gs0 1 0 r/gs1 2 0 r>>>>
/mediabox[0 0 432 648]
/type/page
>>
endobj
52 0 obj
<<
/type/pages
/kids[45 0 r 53 0 r 60 0 r 67 0 r]
/count 20
>>
endobj
70 0 obj
<<
/pagelabels 24 0 r
/type/catalog
/pages 52 0 r
>>
endobj
71 0 obj
<<
/xpressprivate(%%documentprocesscolors: black\n%%endcomments)
/producer(quarkxpress(tm) 6.5)
/creationdate(20070401154045)
/creator(quarkxpress(tm) 6.5)
>>
endobj
xref
0 72
0000000000 65535 f 
0000000015 00000 n 
0000000059 00000 n 
0000000105 00000 n 
0000000152 00000 n 
0000004153 00000 n 
0000009573 00000 n 
0000015220 00000 n 
0000021396 00000 n 
0000027464 00000 n 
0000033326 00000 n 
0000038970 00000 n 
0000044423 00000 n 
0000049873 00000 n 
0000055430 00000 n 
0000061061 00000 n 
0000066450 00000 n 
0000071804 00000 n 
0000079965 00000 n 
0000085321 00000 n 
0000090840 00000 n 
0000096469 00000 n 
0000102660 00000 n 
0000108251 00000 n 
0000117403 00000 n 
0000117449 00000 n 
0000117664 00000 n 
0000126296 00000 n 
0000126519 00000 n 
0000126978 00000 n 
0000127244 00000 n 
0000137960 00000 n 
0000138181 00000 n 
0000138804 00000 n 
0000139238 00000 n 
0000156197 00000 n 
0000156417 00000 n 
0000157105 00000 n 
0000157337 00000 n 
0000160741 00000 n 
0000160967 00000 n 
0000161383 00000 n 
0000161474 00000 n 
0000161868 00000 n 
0000162094 00000 n 
0000162263 00000 n 
0000162370 00000 n 
0000162594 00000 n 
0000162798 00000 n 
0000163012 00000 n 
0000163206 00000 n 
0000163410 00000 n 
0000166737 00000 n 
0000163614 00000 n 
0000163721 00000 n 
0000163926 00000 n 
0000164131 00000 n 
0000164326 00000 n 
0000164531 00000 n 
0000164726 00000 n 
0000164921 00000 n 
0000165028 00000 n 
0000165233 00000 n 
0000165438 00000 n 
0000165643 00000 n 
0000165848 00000 n 
0000166043 00000 n 
0000166248 00000 n 
0000166327 00000 n 
0000166522 00000 n 
0000166816 00000 n 
0000166885 00000 n 
trailer
<<
/size 72
/root 70 0 r
/info 71 0 r
/id[<c20f918781ddd01e87e532b764f6e193><c20f918781ddd01e87e532b764f6e193>]
>>
startxref
167060
%%eof