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q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 55 235.6709 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.004 tw (comparative studies and cultural exchanges)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 233.2717 235.6709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (,)tj 0.50367 0 td 0 tc 0.004 tw (for example in the humani)tj 11.7364 0 td (-)tj -30.06724 -1.3 td 0 tw (ties and arts, )tj -1.8 -1.3 td tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 55 209.6709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.019 tc 0.006 tw (negotiated frameworks for international cooperation)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 258.6279 209.6709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.019 tc 0.006 tw (based on trade, disaster)tj -20.36279 -1.3 td 0 tc 0 tw [(r)18(elief, etc., )]tj -1.8 -1.3 td tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 55 183.6709 tm 0 0 0 1 k (grassr)tj 2.70361 0 td 0.051 tw (oots movements and ngos)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 197.3959 183.6709 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.051 tw (such as the peace, social justice, and)tj -14.23959 -1.3 td 0 tw (envir)tj 2.29321 0 td (onmental movements, )tj -4.09321 -1.3 td tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 55 157.6709 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.048 tw (cooperative scientific and technological studies and undertakings)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 320.7789 157.6709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (,)tj 0.5479 0 td 0 tc 0.048 tw (such as)tj -27.12579 -1.3 td 0 tw [(atmospheric r)18(esear)18(ch, and)]tj -1.8 -1.3 td tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 55 131.6709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.01 tc -0.003 tw (international networks)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 147.6729 131.6709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.01 tc -0.003 tw (with the development of telecommunications, jet)tj -9.2673 -1.3 td 0 tc 0 tw (transport, email, the web and so on. 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0 0 10 121.6922 436.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.003 tc -0.01 tw [(involves ultimate philosophies with ultimate value and natur)18(e)]tj -3.06922 -1.3 td 0 tc 0 tw [(of the world pr)18(emises, )]tj -1.8 -1.3 td tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 91 410.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.004 tc -0.008 tw (level 2)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 121.6199 410.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.004 tc -0.008 tw [(includes systems of principles and codes, for example the plat)1(-)]tj -3.06199 -1.3 td 0 tc 0 tw (form principles of political movements, )tj -1.8 -1.3 td tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 91 384.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.019 tc 0.006 tw (level 3)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 120.7268 384.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.019 tc 0.006 tw [(involves policy and other guiding and interpr)18(etive formulations,)]tj -2.97268 -1.3 td 0 tc 0 tw (and )tj -1.8 -1.3 td tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 91 358.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k (level 4)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 122.1157 358.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k (includes statements about practical actions.)tj -3.11157 -2.6 td 0.011 tc 0.114 tw (n\276ss (1991) calls his own personal (level 1) ultimate philosophy)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 319.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.002 tc 0.123 tw (ecosophy t)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 120.9655 319.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.0017 tc (.)tj 0.62659 0 td 0.002 tc 0.123 tw (it is based on the norm, \322self-r)tj 14.24742 0 td (ealization for all beings!\323 it)tj -19.67056 -1.30001 td -0.004 tc -0.009 tw (does not characterize a political movement. the deep ecology movement)tj 0 -1.3 td -0.012 tc -0.001 tw (is characterized by means of (level 2) )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 236.8197 293.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.012 tc -0.001 tw (platform principles)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 311.0973 293.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0121 tc (.)tj 0.47531 0 td -0.012 tc -0.001 tw (such platforms do)tj -24.28504 -1.3 td -0.009 tc -0.004 tw (not constitute a whole philosophy)tj 14.64104 0 td -0.0087 tc (,)tj 0.4787 0 td -0.009 tc 0 tw (but )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 241.137 280.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.009 tc -0.004 tw (invite support fr)tj 6.43993 0 td (om people with diverse)tj -23.25363 -1.3 td 0 tc 0 tw (ultimate philosophies)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 160.7563 267.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k [((level i), especially if these ar)18(e )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 298.7471 267.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k (ecosophies)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 340.0288 267.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k (.)tj -24.90288 -1.3 td 0.003 tc 0.122 tw [(a)-320(major purpose of ecophilosophy is to articulate and understand)]tj -1.8 -1.3 td 0.006 tc 0.119 tw [(ecosophies. ecosophies ar)19(e articulated and practiced ultimate philoso-)]tj t* [(phies based on ecologically and socially r)18(esponsible values. living an)]tj t* 0 tc 0.088 tw (ecosophy gives rise to ecological harmony and beauty)tj 24.3457 0 td -0.0001 tc (.)tj 0.58794 0 td 0 tc (following n\276ss)tj -24.93364 -1.3 td -0.003 tc -0.009 tw ((1973, 1991) we say)tj 8.59966 0 td -0.009 tc 0 tw (that )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 178.3248 202.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.008 tc (ecosophy)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 215.7084 202.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.008 tc -0.009 tw (is ecological wisdom, as derived fr)tj 14.91501 0 td (om the)tj -29.18585 -1.3 td -0.011 tc -0.007 tw [(ancient gr)17(eek r)18(oots \322ecos\323 meaning place, and \322sophia\323 meaning wisdom.)]tj t* -0.03 tc 0.012 tw [(w)91(e emphasize that ther)18(e is not just one ecosophy that all humans everywher)18(e)]tj t* -0.028 tc 0.011 tw (must accept. )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 127.3414 163.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.028 tc (ther)tj 1.75833 0 td -0.0283 tc (e)tj 0.59305 0 td -0.028 tc 0.011 tw [(ar)17(e very many ecosophies)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 248.125 163.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.028 tc 0.011 tw (and the possibilities for articulating)tj -17.5125 -1.3 td -0.02 tc 0.002 tw (new ones ar)tj 5.08858 0.00001 td -0.0199 tc (e)tj 0.69144 0 td -0.02 tc (almost unlimited. this abundant diversity is good in itself, but)tj -5.78002 -1.30001 td -0.014 tc -0.003 tw [(it is also good for a multitude of instr)8(umental r)18(easons, including survival\321)]tj 0 -1.3 td -0.005 tc 0.004 tw (which many would say is good in itself. how do we nourish the develop)tj 31.86725 0.00001 td 0 tc (-)tj -31.8673 -1.3 td -0.015 tc -0.002 tw (ment of ecosophies in contemporary societies? how do we encourage them)tj t* -0.005 tc 0.097 tw (locally and globally? in envir)tj 13.08855 0.00001 td (onmental education 世界æ¯2022赛程表淘汰赛 should study)tj -13.0885 -1.3 td 0 tw [(diverse ecosophies. consider the levels of discourse involved, learn cr)20(oss-)]tj t* -0.007 tc -0.011 tw [(cultural appr)17(oaches, how to describe and compar)19(e dif)18(fer)18(ent value systems)]tj et 1 w 0 0 0 1 k 72 53.842 m 396 53.842 l s 0 0 0 0 k 72 38.921 324 11.857 re f 72 38.91 324 11.858 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 72 44.6667 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(education f)20(or local and global ecological responsibility)-9860(69)]tj et q endstream endobj 11 0 obj << /length 4880 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 36 63 324 531 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 585.6709 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.001 tc 0.119 tw (and worldviews, and how to articulate their own personal ecosophies.)tj 0 -1.30001 td -0.009 tc -0.008 tw [(this pr)18(ocess connects the personal to the communal and global contexts. it)]tj 0 -1.3 td -0.005 tc 0 tw (should be a cooperative undertaking (nicholls, 1989).)tj 1.8 -1.30001 td -0.008 tc -0.005 tw [(cr)18(oss-cultural studies have helped us to appr)18(eciate the diverse world-)]tj -1.8 -1.30001 td -0.023 tc 0.011 tw [(views on planet earth. )37(at the level of international cooperation, we have cr)17(e)1(-)]tj 0 -1.3 td -0.01 tc -0.003 tw [(ated institutions 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k (2)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 279.812 416.6709 tm 0 0 0 1 k (\))tj -22.4812 -1.3 td 0.031 tw [(just as we have made pr)18(ogr)18(ess in the ar)17(ea of human rights and non-)]tj -1.8 -1.3 td 0.004 tw [(violent r)18(esolution of conflicts, so too we have made pr)18(ogr)18(ess in r)18(ecogniz-)]tj t* -0.015 tc 0.003 tw [(ing the seriousness and depth of the envir)18(onmental crisis. common themes)]tj t* 0.003 tc 0.122 tw [(have emer)18(ged. )37(a)-320(number of agr)17(eements and declarations, put forth in)]tj t* -0.007 tc -0.006 tw [(dif)18(fer)17(ent local, r)18(egional, national and international for)7(ums, af)18(firm many of)]tj t* -0.018 tc 0.005 tw (the platform principles that n\276ss and sessions articulated in 1984 as a basis)tj t* 0 tc 0.01 tw (for collective actions in our dif)tj 13.47049 0 td 0 tw (fer)tj 1.18848 0 td 0.01 tw (ent cultural settings. the platform prin)tj 17.20828 0 td (-)tj -31.86725 -1.30001 td 0 tw [(ciples pr)18(oposed ar)18(e the following eight points:)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 60.4841 286.6709 tm 0 0 0 1 k (the platform principles of the long range deep ecology movement)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 263.6709 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.013 tc 0.112 tw [(1)13(.)13( )-675(the well-being and flourishing of human and nonhuman life on)]tj 1.8 -1.3 td 0 tc 0.06 tw [(earth have value in themselves \(synonyms: intrinsic value, inher)18(ent)]tj t* 0.007 tw [(value\). these values ar)18(e independent of the usefulness of the nonhu-)]tj t* 0 tw (man world for human purposes.)tj -1.8 -1.3 td (2. )tj 1.8 0 td 0.074 tw (richness and diversity of life forms contribute to the r)tj 24.46877 0 td (ealizations of)tj -24.46877 -1.3 td 0 tw (these values and ar)tj 8.46973 0 td -0.0001 tc (e)tj 0.72877 0 td 0 tc (also values in themselves.)tj -10.9985 -1.3 td -0.002 tw [(3. )-802(humans have no right to r)18(educe this richness and diversity except to)]tj 1.8 -1.3 td 0 tw (satisfy vital human 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11.858 re f 36 38.902 324 11.8581 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 36 44.6589 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (70)tj 31.0073 0.00001 td 0 tc (alan drengson)tj et q endstream endobj 12 0 obj << /length 6720 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 72 63 324 531 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 585.6709 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.02 tc 0.127 tw [(7)20(.)20( )-653(the ideological change is mainly that of appr)18(eciating )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 348.297 585.6709 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.02 tc 0.127 tw (life quality)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 91 572.6709 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.049 tw [(\(dwelling in situations of inher)18(ent value\) rather than adhering to an)]tj 0 -1.3 td -0.014 tc 0.002 tw [(incr)18(easingly higher standar)17(d of living. ther)18(e will be a pr)17(ofound awar)18(e)1(-)]tj 0 -1.30001 td 0 tc 0 tw [(ness of the dif)18(fer)17(ence between big and gr)17(eat.)]tj -1.8 -1.30001 td 0.124 tw [(8. )-676(those who subscribe to the for)18(egoing points have an obligation to)]tj 1.8 -1.3 td 0.05 tw [(dir)18(ectly or indir)17(ectly try to implement the necessary changes. \(fr)17(om)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 91 507.6709 tm 0 0 0 1 k (deep ecology)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 148.3901 507.6709 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(by bill devall and geor)18(ge sessions, 1985.\))]tj -5.73901 -2.6 td -0.012 tc -0.001 tw [(it should be str)18(essed her)18(e that n\276ss and others do not r)18(egar)17(d this plat-)]tj -1.8 -1.3 td 0 tc 0.012 tw [(form statement as the final wor)18(d. n\276ss invites people to suggest modifi-)]tj t* 0.035 tw [(cations as they see fit. he has r)18(ecently of)17(fer)18(ed a new version of the )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 372.7859 455.6709 tm 0 0 0 1 k (eight)tj -29.97859 -1.3 td -0.017 tc (points)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 100.4694 442.6709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.017 tc 0.004 tw [((n\276ss, 1999). it is important to underscor)18(e that this description of the)]tj -2.74694 -1.3 td 0 tc 0.117 tw [(deep ecology movement is not an account of his personal philosophy)112(,)]tj t* -0.003 tc -0.009 tw (which he calls ecosophy t)tj 11.4683 0 td -0.0035 tc (.)tj 0.48382 0 td -0.004 tc [(the platform principles ar)18(e supported by peo-)]tj -11.95212 -1.3 td 0 tc 0.052 tw [(ple fr)17(om diverse backgr)18(ounds. ther)19(e ar)17(e supporters who ar)18(e buddhists,)]tj t* -0.004 tw [(shintoists, t)92(aoists, shamanists, christians, ecofeminists, and social ecolo)2(-)]tj t* 0 tw [(gists, as is evident fr)18(om the literatur)17(e.)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f9 1 tf 10 0 0 10 168.4641 343.0709 tm 0 0 0 1 k (ecosophy t)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 10 0 0 10 222.3532 343.0709 tm 0 0 0 1 k (and other issues)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 319.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.007 tc -0.006 tw (n\276ss\325s own personal philosophy)tj 14.3533 0 td -0.0068 tc (,)tj 0.48059 0 td -0.007 tc (as alr)tj 2.29531 0 td (eady noted, is called )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 335.2556 319.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.007 tc -0.006 tw (ecosophy t)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 381.0736 319.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0069 tc (.)tj 0.48057 0 td -0.007 tc (in)tj -31.28794 -1.3 td 0 tc 0.073 tw [(his writings he describes the influences fr)18(om which he formed this phi-)]tj t* 0.02 tc 0.206 tw [(losophy)111(. they include spinoza, gandhi, mahayana buddhism, and)]tj t* -0.011 tc 0 tw (norwegian )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 124.5578 280.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.011 tc (friluftsliv)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 161.7388 280.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0106 tc (.)tj 0.47675 0 td -0.011 tc -0.002 tw (\(the latter is the scandinavian practice of natur)tj 20.61083 0 td -0.0107 tc (e)tj 0.70564 0 td -0.011 tc 0 tw (ori)tj 1.2001 0 td 0 tc (-)tj -31.86719 -1.30001 td 0.02 tc 0.112 tw (ented outdoor activities; see gelter paper in this volume.\) the t \(in)tj 0 -1.3 td 0 tc 0.088 tw [(ecosophy t\) r)18(efers to the name of his hut in the mountains of norway)111(,)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 241.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(tver)17(gastein)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 120.5903 241.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (,)tj 0.58651 0 td 0 tc 0.087 tw [(possibly so named for the type of r)18(ock)5(s)5( )5(f)5(o)5(u)5(n)5(d)5( )5(a)5(r)23(o)5(u)5(n)5(d)5( )5(i)5(t)5(,)5( )5(o)5(r)]tj -5.34554 -1.3 td -0.008 tc -0.01 tw [(because a r)18(ock cr)18(oss marker was once ther)18(e. the t might also stand for the)]tj t* -0.005 tc 0.024 tw (norwegian wor)tj 6.97836 0 td (d)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 151.53 215.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.005 tc (\322tolkning\323)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 197.5976 215.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.005 tc 0.024 tw (which means interpr)tj 9.10181 0 td (etation, a concept that is)tj -21.56157 -1.3 td -0.004 tc 0.124 tw (central to n\276ss\325s major work on language and communication entitled)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 189.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.005 tc 0.073 tw [(pr)18(eciseness and interpr)15(etation)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 198.1575 189.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.005 tc 0.073 tw [(\(1953\). \(this book will be r)18(epublished in the)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 176.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.005 tc [(selected w)19(orks of arne n\276ss)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 192.1086 176.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.005 tc [(due fr)18(om kluwer in 2000.\))]tj -10.11086 -1.3 td -0.001 tc -0.012 tw (n\276ss\325s ecosophy t has as its most basic norm \322self-r)tj 23.27417 0 td (ealization for all)tj -25.07417 -1.3 td 0 tc (beings!\323 if we r)tj 6.72917 0.00001 td -0.001 tc [(eflect on self r)18(ealization, we will inquir)17(e into the natur)17(e of)]tj -6.72917 -1.30001 td -0.004 tc -0.009 tw [(the self. n\276ss distinguishes between the small ego self and the lar)18(ger eco-)]tj 0 -1.3 td -0.019 tc 0.007 tw (logical self. he says we can gain a sense for this lar)tj 21.5074 0.00001 td -0.02 tc (ger self by extending our)tj -21.5074 -1.3 td 0.019 tc 0.106 tw [(identification thr)17(ough caring. his own ecosophy was worked out at)]tj t* -0.024 tc 0 tw (tver)tj 1.9362 0 td 0.012 tw (gastein high on mt. hallingskarvet, a place of extr)tj 20.89709 0.00001 td 0 tw (eme )tj 1.96799 0.00001 td 0.012 tw [(a)1(r)19(ctic conditions.)]tj -24.8012 -1.3 td -0.006 tc -0.007 tw [(n\276ss does not ur)19(ge everyone else to adopt his ultimate philosophy)110(, but to)]tj t* -0.009 tc -0.004 tw [(develop their own ecosophies appr)18(opriate to their specific place. he hopes)]tj et 1 w 0 0 0 1 k 72 53.842 m 396 53.842 l s 0 0 0 0 k 72 38.921 324 11.857 re f 72 38.902 324 11.8581 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 72 44.6589 tm 0 0 0 1 k (education f)tj 5.4236 0 td (or local and global ecological responsibility)tj 31.58223 0.00001 td (71)tj et q endstream endobj 13 0 obj << /length 5018 >> stream 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tc 0.012 tw [(knowing others ar)17(e trying to support such principles in their own places and)]tj t* -0.019 tc 0.006 tw (actions. exactly what policies and actions depends upon their own personal)tj t* 0 tc 0.076 tw (history and cultural context. no single solution can be applied to every)tj t* -0.004 tc -0.009 tw [(place. n\276ss likes to say)111(, \322the mor)18(e diversity)111(, the better)73(.\323 for example, the)]tj t* -0.015 tc 0.003 tw [(wise vernacular practices of ecoagricultur)18(e and ecofor)18(estry ar)18(e not machine)]tj t* 0.007 tc 0 tw (standar)tj 3.37141 0 td 0.118 tw [(dized monocultur)18(es \(dr)18(engson & t)92(aylor)74(, 1997\). their common)]tj -3.37141 -1.3 td -0.004 tc -0.009 tw [(gr)17(ound is a set of principles that entail a diversity of practices in harmony)]tj t* 0 tc 0.074 tw [(with local conditions, cultur)18(es, and ecological communities. the overall)]tj t* 0 tw [(appr)17(oach is to fit ourselves to our watersheds and specific places (ecos).)]tj 1.8 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