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portfolios)]tj -2.1649 -1.3 td -0.005 tc 0.011 tw [(in a college science course wer)18(e as accurate a measur)19(e of student )-1(a)-2(c)-2(h)-2(i)-2(e)-2(v)-2(e)-1(-)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw [(m)3(e)3(n)3(t)3( )3(a)3(s)3( )3(w)3(e)3(r)21(e)3( )3(t)3(r)3(a)3(ditional assessment pr)18(ocedur)18(es (i.e., objective exams).)]tj 1.8 -1.3 td (a)tj 1.0258 0 td 0.053 tw (second assessment method utilized in this study was focus gr)tj 27.62474 0.00001 td 0 tw (oup)tj -30.4505 -1.3 td -0.001 tc -0.012 tw [(interviews. focus gr)18(oup interviews have become an incr)18(easingly popular)]tj et 1 w 0 0 0 1 k 72 53.842 m 396 53.842 l s 0 0 0 0 k 72 38.921 324 11.857 re f 72 38.91 324 11.858 re f 72 38.902 324 11.8581 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 72 44.6589 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (36)tj 8.6777 0.00001 td 0 tc (anastasia p)tj 5.54786 0.00001 td (.)tj 0.51587 0.00001 td (samaras,)tj 4.68432 0.00001 td (barbara j)tj 4.59229 0.00001 td [(.)-238(ho)15(war)19(d,)-238(& car)20(olee m.)-159(w)35(ende)]tj et q endstream endobj 15 0 obj << /length 4485 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 36 63 324 531 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 585.6709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.011 tc -0.002 tw [(technique for gathering information and describing the curr)17(ent pr)17(ogr)18(e)-1(s)-1(s)-1( )-1(o)-1(f)]tj 0 -1.30001 td 0 tc -0.012 tw [(p)1(r)18(ojects. they ar)18(e particularly r)18(evealing concerning the dynamics, within)]tj 0 -1.3 td -0.021 tc 0.009 tw [(g)1(r)18(oups and acr)18(oss gr)18(oups, af)18(fective measur)18(es such as attitudes, dispositions,)]tj 0 -1.30001 td -0.015 tc 0.002 tw [(motivation, and the identification of pr)18(oject str)18(engths, weaknesses, and r)18(ec-)]tj t* 0.012 tc 0.113 tw [(ommendations \(stewart & shamdasani, 1990; mor)19(gan, 1993; national)]tj 0 -1.3 td 0 tc 0 tw (science foundation, 1993, 1997\). )tj 1.8 -1.3 td -0.022 tc 0.009 tw [(six gr)17(oups of intact kyoto redoux gr)18(oups wer)18(e designated for the focus)]tj -1.8 -1.3 td -0.015 tc 0.002 tw [(gr)17(oups and r)18(esponded to questions about the planning, implementing, and)]tj t* 0 tc -0.012 tw [(assessment pr)18(ocedur)18(es that wer)18(e used for the kyoto redoux pr)18(oject. t)90(wo)]tj t* -0.001 tc -0.011 tw [(class instr)8(uctors and one pr)18(ogram consultant served as focus gr)19(oup mod-)]tj t* 0.005 tc 0.12 tw [(erators and conducted 30-45 minute audiotaped r)18(ecor)18(ded focus gr)18(oup)]tj t* 0 tc 0.033 tw [(sessions. t)93(apes wer)17(e transcribed and analyzed. 世界æ¯2022赛程表淘汰赛 submitted their)]tj t* 0.008 tc 0.117 tw [(portfolios and participated in focus gr)18(oup interviews during the final)]tj t* 0 tc 0.006 tw (exam week. )tj 5.45033 0 td (at that time, they also turned in their final take-home exams)tj -5.45033 -1.3 td 0 tw (and completed course evaluations. )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 376.2709 tm 0 0 0 1 k (data analysis)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 356.0709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.013 tc [(in r)18(egar)17(d to qualitative analysis, the multi-data sour)17(ce was r)18(ead and r)18(er)18(ead)]tj 0 -1.3 td -0.004 tc -0.008 tw [(with mar)18(ginal r)17(emarks and memos. )38(as each data sour)18(ce was r)18(ead, r)18(epeat-)]tj t* -0.012 tc -0.001 tw [(ed statements wer)18(e coded and checked with other statements. this pr)19(ocess)]tj t* 0 tc 0.011 tw (allowed for an analysis of patterns of similarities and dif)tj 25.0036 0 td 0 tw (fer)tj 1.18848 0 td 0.011 tw (ences and the)tj -26.19208 -1.30001 td -0.019 tc 0.007 tw (marking of pr)tj 5.88125 0 td (eliminary categories. once categories wer)tj 17.60966 0 td -0.0194 tc (e)tj 0.69691 0 td -0.019 tc (identified, the data)tj -24.18782 -1.30001 td 0.001 tc 0.124 tw [(w)1(e)1(r)19(e)1( )1(r)18(e-analyzed mor)18(e systematically with line-by-line coding. pattern)]tj 0 -1.3 td -0.007 tc -0.005 tw [(coding was used to gr)18(oup overar)18(ching categories of 世界æ¯2022赛程表淘汰赛 \325 views about)]tj t* -0.002 tc -0.011 tw [(the kyoto redoux pr)17(oject and to cluster views acr)19(oss informants \(bogdan)]tj -0.0001 tc (&)' 1.01964 0 td 0 tc -0.008 tw [(biklen, 1992\). pattern coding, analogous to the cluster)18(-analytic and fac-)]tj -1.01964 -1.3 td 0.017 tc 0 tw (tor)tj 1.3011 0 td 0.108 tw (-analytic devices used in statistical analysis, is a way of gr)tj 27.63373 0 td 0 tw (ouping)tj -28.93483 -1.3 td 0 tc -0.001 tw (summaries into a smaller number of constr)tj 18.9635 0 td (ucts that identify an emer)tj 11.29411 0 td 0 tw (gent)tj -30.25761 -1.30001 td -0.021 tc 0.008 tw [(\322theme\323 (miles & huberman, 1984). each data set was r)18(ead again, with con-)]tj 0 -1.3 td 0 tc 0 tw [(tinuous r)18(efinement and r)17(eduction of categories. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 10 0 0 10 177.7314 165.4709 tm 0 0 0 1 k (findings)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 141.6709 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(five major themes emer)18(ged fr)18(om the qualitative analysis: )]tj 0 -2.2 td tj 1.8 0 td (learning about envir)tj 9.31543 0.00001 td (onmental science issues, )tj -11.1154 -1.3 td [-1194(making connections,)]tj ' 1.8 0 td (collaboration, )tj -1.8 -1.3 td tj 1.8 0 td [(confusion and pr)18(oblem-solving, and )]tj -1.8 -1.3 td tj 1.8 0 td (portfolios as a positive assessment tool.)tj et 1 w 0 0 0 1 k 36 53.86 m 360 53.86 l s 0 0 0 0 k 36 38.9391 324 11.858 re f 36 38.902 324 11.8581 re f 36 38.902 324 11.8581 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 36 44.6589 tm 0 0 0 1 k (k)tj 0.6821 0 td (y)tj 0.531 0 td (oto redoux)tj 35.79269 0.00001 td (37)tj et q endstream endobj 16 0 obj << /length 5110 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 72 63 324 531 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 585.6709 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(learning about envir)18(onmental science issues)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 565.4709 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.032 tw [(overall, the 世界æ¯2022赛程表淘汰赛 viewed kyoto redoux as a valuable learning expe)-1(-)]tj 0 -1.30001 td -0.001 tc -0.011 tw [(r)1(i)1(e)1(n)1(c)1(e)1( )1(i)1(n)1( )1(l)1(e)1(a)1(r)1(n)1(i)1(n)1(g)1( )1(a)1(b)1(o)1(u)1(t)1( )1(e)1(n)1(v)1(i)1(r)18(onmental issues. by the end of the semester)75(,)]tj 0 -1.3 td -0.012 tc -0.001 tw [(each student r)18(ecognized the purpose, goals, and r)18(esults of the actual kyoto)]tj t* -0.009 tc -0.004 tw [(confer)18(ence. they noted that they could now identify the causes and ef)18(fects)]tj t* 0 tc 0.105 tw [(of global change, which gases cause envir)18(onmental pr)18(oblems and why)110(,)]tj t* -0.021 tc 0.008 tw [(while also r)18(ecognizing that \322this particular science consists of mor)18(e than just)]tj t* -0.018 tc 0.005 tw [(formulas and equations.\323 世界æ¯2022赛程表淘汰赛 expr)18(essed their appr)18(eciation, awar)17(eness,)]tj t* -0.008 tc -0.004 tw [(and a sense of r)18(esponsibility in learning and caring about the envir)17(onment)]tj t* -0.014 tc 0.001 tw [(and the immediacy for worldwide r)19(eform and action. the pr)18(oject appear)18(ed)]tj t* -0.018 tc 0.006 tw [(to spark an inter)17(est in the envir)18(onment as obvious in the following r)18(emarks:)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 91 424.9709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.023 tc 0.01 tw [(this pr)18(oject was not pr)18(oposed by the pr)17(ofessors simply to keep us busy)112(, but)]tj 0 -1.16667 td 0 tc 0 tw [(instead to show the class thr)18(ough the r)17(edoux, what it takes for the entir)17(e)]tj t* -0.024 tc 0.011 tw [(world to make a conscious ef)19(fort to help save our envir)17(onment . . . this con)1(-)]tj t* 0.009 tc 0.116 tw [(fer)17(ence occurr)19(ed so all countries would make an ef)18(fort to r)18(educe the)]tj t* 0.008 tc 0.117 tw (amount of pollution and waste that has caused so much change that)tj t* 0 tc 0 tw (could be fatal to mother earth very soon.)tj 0 -2.38889 td -0.0001 tc (i)tj 0.64945 0 td 0 tc 0.063 tw (feel privileged to have learned about an important issue that tr)tj 28.31337 0 td 0 tw (oubles)tj -28.96281 -1.16667 td -0.007 tc -0.006 tw (many envir)tj 4.98983 0 td (onmentalists, politicians, and many citizens ar)tj 20.06411 0 td (ound the world)tj -25.05395 -1.16667 td -0.0103 tc (.)tj 0.47712 0 td (.)tj 0.47711 0 td (.)tj 0.47712 0 td -0.01 tc -0.002 tw [(ther)18(e must be hope, determination, and education in which others will)]tj -1.43135 -1.16667 td 0 tc 0 tw (learn the tr)tj 4.84546 0 td (uth of our living and being.)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 293.4709 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.01 tc 0.115 tw [(a)-320(student shouted out in the focus-gr)18(oup interviews: \322w)92(e)1( )1(b)1(e)1(t)1(t)1(e)1(r)1( )1(c)1(a)1(r)18(e)]tj 0 -1.3 td 0 tc 0.037 tw [(about the envir)17(onment! i am awar)18(e of that now)92(.\323 this is a viewpoint we)]tj t* 0 tw (hope to develop further for all 世界æ¯2022赛程表淘汰赛 .)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 240.0709 tm 0 0 0 1 k (making connections )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 219.8709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.009 tc -0.004 tw (世界æ¯2022赛程表淘汰赛 explained how they appr)tj 14.90501 0 td (eciated the applicability of the pr)tj 14.21127 0 td (oject to)tj -29.11628 -1.30001 td -0.002 tc -0.01 tw [(t)1(h)1(e)1( )1(r)18(eal world and to their ar)18(ea of study)111(. during earth w)91(eek when people)]tj 0 -1.3 td -0.015 tc 0.002 tw [(came to campus, 世界æ¯2022赛程表淘汰赛 wer)19(e able to talk about the kyoto confer)16(ence and)]tj t* 0.02 tc 0.119 tw [(how it applied to a variety of disciplines. for r)18(epr)17(esentatives of the)]tj t* -0.01 tc -0.003 tw [(countries and coalitions, the natur)18(e of the pr)17(oject r)18(equir)17(ed the application)]tj t* -0.007 tc -0.006 tw (of scientific knowledge in or)tj 12.3003 0.00001 td (der to explain and justify their country\325s posi)tj 19.56679 0.00001 td 0 tc (-)tj -31.86709 -1.30001 td 0 tw [(tion on levels of gas emissions, as noted her)19(e:)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 91 118.3709 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.0041 tc (i)tj 0.716 0 td 0.004 tc 0.121 tw [(think just the fact that we had to come up with positions that wer)16(e)]tj -0.716 -1.1667 td -0.004 tc -0.008 tw [(based on science\321like the r)18(easons why certain countries wer)18(e in favor of)]tj t* 0 tc -0.007 tw [(dif)18(fer)17(ent policies was because this is what their str)18(engths and weakness-)]tj t* 0 tw [(es wer)18(e and wer)18(e based on science and the economy)111(.)]tj et 1 w 0 0 0 1 k 72 53.842 m 396 53.842 l s 0 0 0 0 k 72 38.921 324 11.857 re f 72 38.91 324 11.858 re f 72 38.902 324 11.8581 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 72 44.6589 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (38)tj 8.6777 0.00001 td 0 tc (anastasia p)tj 5.54786 0.00001 td (.)tj 0.51587 0.00001 td (samaras,)tj 4.68432 0.00001 td (barbara j)tj 4.59229 0.00001 td [(.)-238(ho)15(war)19(d,)-238(& car)20(olee m.)-159(w)35(ende)]tj et q endstream endobj 17 0 obj << /length 5126 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 36 63 324 531 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 55 585.6709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.003 tw [(ther)18(e wer)17(e numer)18(ous comments about the connections that 世界æ¯2022赛程表淘汰赛 )]tj -1.8 -1.30001 td -0.01 tc 0.033 tw [(m)-10(a)-10(de between kyoto redoux and their major ar)18(ea of study)111(. )37(an education)]tj 0 -1.3 td -0.013 tc -0.009 tw (major states, \322i can see myself going into a fourth grade class and doing the)tj 0 -1.30001 td -0.034 tc 0.011 tw [(same \(pr)18(oject\).\323 )37(another education major r)18(eflects in her portfolio, \322br)17(oadening)]tj t* -0.013 tc -0.01 tw [(your perspective will help make you a better teacher)73(.\323 )37(an undecided major)]tj 0 -1.3 td -0.01 tc 0 tw [(expr)17(essed his r)19(ealization of the inter)17(disciplinary connections he had made:)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 55 501.1709 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.091 tw [(that\325s what the whole experience was about\321like the politics of envi)-1(-)]tj 0 -1.16667 td 0.115 tw [(r)18(onmental issues, educating people about the envir)18(onment . . . fr)17(om a)]tj t* 0.003 tc 0.122 tw [(communication standpoint giving a speech, fr)18(om an education stand-)]tj t* 0.008 tc 0.117 tw [(point learning to r)17(eflect, and fr)18(om a drama standpoint, being able to)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw (deliver a speech. )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 55 437.1709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.011 tc -0.002 tw [(our inter)17(disciplinary pedagogical appr)18(oach appear)18(ed to cr)18(eate a sense)]tj -1.8 -1.3 td 0.01 tc 0.115 tw (of competitiveness between the disciplines for several 世界æ¯2022赛程表淘汰赛 and a)tj t* -0.01 tc -0.003 tw (sense of cohesiveness for others. for example, 世界æ¯2022赛程表淘汰赛 who worked in the)tj t* 0.02 tc 0.163 tw [(task gr)17(oups, for example, pr)18(oduction and pr)18(otocol and design and)]tj t* -0.013 tc 0.001 tw (facilities, indicated they had not learned as much about science as they did)tj t* -0.008 tc -0.005 tw [(about their major)74(. one student felt that \322ther)16(e was not enough science and)]tj -0.0123 tc (a)' 0.72508 0 td -0.012 tc 0 tw (lot of the work that we had to do on kyoto was politics-oriented and eco-)tj -0.72508 -1.3 td -0.019 tc 0.006 tw (nomics-oriented.\323 nonetheless, another student, working in the design and)tj t* 0.006 tc 0.119 tw (facilities t)tj 4.85348 0 td (ask gr)tj 3.02469 0 td (oup, stated that she r)tj 9.86798 0 td 0 tw (esear)tj 2.28836 0 td 0.119 tw (ched the actual confer)tj 10.16428 0 td 0 tw (ence)tj -30.19879 -1.30002 td -0.014 tc 0.001 tw [(thor)17(oughly to better understand how to pr)17(epar)18(e the design. other 世界æ¯2022赛程表淘汰赛 )]tj 0 -1.3 td 0.013 tc 0.112 tw [(e)-3(x)-3(p)-3(l)-3(a)-3(i)-3(n)-3(e)-3(d)-3( t)-3(h)-3(a)-3(t)-3( t)-3(h)-3(e)-3(y)-3<20d2>-3(s)-3(a)-3(w)-3( e)-3(n)-3(v)-3(i)-4(r)18(onmental )3(issues )3(thr)18(ough )3(politics\323 )3(and)]tj t* -0.019 tc 0.004 tw (enjoyed being able \322to view the scientific world thr)tj 21.62194 0 td (ough another discipline\323)tj -21.62194 -1.3 td -0.003 tc -0.012 tw [(and \322to see the important r)17(ole of policy in envir)18(onmental issues.\323 the dif)1(-)]tj t* 0.009 tc 0.113 tw [(fer)17(entiated tasks and learning experiences in the cooperative learning)]tj t* 0 tc 0.122 tw [(gr)17(oups may also have enabled some 世界æ¯2022赛程表淘汰赛 to make the connections)]tj t* -0.003 tc 0 tw [(mor)18(e easily than others. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 214.7709 tm 0 0 0 1 k (collaboration)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 194.5709 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.013 tc (peers and faculty supported 世界æ¯2022赛程表淘汰赛 in their developing understanding of)tj 0 -1.3 td 0 tc 0.102 tw [(envir)18(onmental science. fr)18(om a v)91(ygotskyan (1978) perspective, 世界æ¯2022赛程表淘汰赛 )]tj t* -0.002 tw [(learned by listening, questioning, and negotiating. \322i learned mor)17(e about)]tj t* -0.002 tc 0 tw (wher)tj 2.26639 0.00001 td -0.0014 tc (e)tj 0.71499 0 td (i)tj 0.57299 0 td -0.001 tc -0.011 tw (stood by hearing about other countries\325 points of view and work-)tj -3.55436 -1.30001 td -0.018 tc 0 tw [(ing together)73(.)-1-1( 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(1999). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 170.2315 116.0901 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.008 tc -0.004 tw [(a)1(s)1(s)1(e)1(s)1(s)1(m)1(e)1(n)1(t)1( )1(o)1(f)1( )1(t)1(h)1(e)1( )1(p)1(r)18(ofessional needs of faculty in col-)]tj -12.8035 -1.1667 td 0.013 tc 0.112 tw [(lege and university envir)17(onmental pr)17(ograms)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 225.0119 105.5901 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.0125 tc (.)tj 0.63737 0 td 0.013 tc 0.112 tw [(paper pr)17(esented at the )37(annual)]tj -19.5276 -1.1667 td 0 tc 0.089 tw [(meeting of the )36(american educational resear)19(ch )37(association, ecological and)]tj t* -0.002 tc -0.01 tw [(envir)18(onmental education special inter)18(est gr)17(oup, montr)18(eal, quebec, canada.)]tj et 1 w 0 0 0 1 k 36 53.86 m 360 53.86 l s 0 0 0 0 k 36 38.9391 324 11.858 re f 36 38.91 324 11.858 re f 36 38.902 324 11.8581 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 36 44.6589 tm 0 0 0 1 k (k)tj 0.6821 0 td (y)tj 0.531 0 td (oto redoux)tj 35.79269 0.00001 td (45)tj et q endstream endobj 24 0 obj << /length 10530 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 72 63 324 531 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 73 586.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.029 tw [(cortese, )37(a. (1998). )37(afterwor)18(d. in p)129(. blaze cor)18(coran, j. l. elder)74(, & r. t)111(chen (eds.),)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 91 575.9038 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.009 tc -0.004 tw [(academic planning in college and university envir)17(onmental pr)17(ograms: pr)18(oceedings of)]tj 0 -1.16667 td 0.02 tc 0.176 tw (the 1998 sanibel symposium)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 205.8556 565.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.02 tc (.)tj 0.7163 0 td 0.176 tw [(t)90(r)18(oy)111(, oh: north )36(american )37(association for)]tj -13.47803 -1.16667 td 0 tc 0 tw [(envir)18(onmental education.)]tj -2 -1.16667 td -0.009 tw [(costa, )37(a. l. (ed). (1991). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 170.7718 544.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.009 tw [(developing minds: a)-204(r)18(esour)17(ce book for teaching thinking. v)74(ol.)]tj -8.86353 -1.16667 td (1)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 95.4289 533.9038 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0079 tc (.)tj 0.44272 0 td -0.008 tc -0.005 tw [(alexandria, v)111(a: )37(association for supervision and curriculum development.)]tj -2.93482 -1.16667 td 0 tc 0 tw (davis, b. g. (1993). )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 150.335 523.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(t)111(ools for teaching)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 213.9766 523.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (.)tj 0.49986 0 td 0 tc (san francisco, ca: jossey-bass.)tj -16.16393 -1.16667 td [(dewey)111(, j. (1938). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 140.5791 512.9038 tm 0 0 0 1 k (experience and education)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 233.396 512.9038 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (.)tj 0.49983 0 td 0 tc [(ny)74(: macmillan.)]tj -18.32161 -1.16667 td -0.005 tw [(elder)74(, j. l. (1998). whither? )37(a)-190(learned society for faculty in college and university)]tj 2 -1.16667 td 0.024 tw [(envir)18(onmental pr)17(ograms. in p)129(. blaze cor)18(coran, j. l. elder)75(, & r. t)111(chen (eds.),)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 91 481.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.009 tc -0.004 tw [(academic planning in college and university envir)17(onmental pr)17(ograms: pr)18(oceedings of)]tj 0 -1.16667 td 0.02 tc 0.285 tw (the 1998 sanibel symposium)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 213.7803 470.9038 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.02 tc 0.285 tw [((pp. 107-109). t)90(r)18(oy)110(, oh: north )37(american)]tj -13.64226 -1.16667 td 0 tc 0 tw [(association for envir)19(onmental education.)]tj -2 -1.16667 td 0.02 tc 0.122 tw [(gar)17(cia, g. & pearson, p)130(. d. (1994). )36(assessment and )1(diversity)111(. in l. darling-)]tj 2 -1.16667 td -0.004 tc -0.009 tw (hammond (ed.), )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 159.878 439.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.004 tc -0.009 tw [(review of r)18(esear)17(ch in education)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 272.5783 439.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0035 tc (,)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 276.9346 439.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.003 tc (20)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 285.8722 439.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0035 tc (,)tj 0.48389 0 td -0.004 tc -0.009 tw [((pp. 337-391). w)92(ashington,)]tj -22.13635 -1.16667 td 0 tc 0 tw [(dc: )37(american educational resear)19(ch )36(association.)]tj -2 -1.16667 td 0.008 tc 0.117 tw [(hazen, r. & t)90(r)18(efil, j. (1995). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 193.041 418.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.008 tc 0.117 tw [(physical sciences: an integrated appr)16(oach)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 352.0305 418.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.0083 tc (.)tj 0.63318 0 td 0.008 tc 0.117 tw [(ny)74(: john)]tj -29.63657 -1.16667 td 0 tc 0 tw [(w)55(iley)110(.)]tj -2 -1.16667 td [(heller)74(, p)128(. g. (1995). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 150.3547 397.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k (drama as a way of knowing)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 251.5652 397.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k (.)tj 0.48218 0 td [(y)92(ork, me: stenhouse publishers.)]tj -20.32276 -1.16667 td 0.02 tc 0.188 tw (jacobs, h. h. (1989). )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 165.8666 386.9038 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.02 tc 0.188 tw (interdisciplinary curriculum: design and implementation)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 392.7511 386.9038 tm 0 0 0 1 k (.)tj -33.5279 -1.16667 td [(alexandria, v)111(a: )37(association for supervision and curriculum development.)]tj -2 -1.16667 td 0.002 tc 0.123 tw [(johnson, d. w)92(. & johnson, r. t)75(. (1994). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 238.0608 365.9038 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.002 tc 0.123 tw [(joining together: gr)17(oup theory and gr)18(oup)]tj -16.34009 -1.16667 td 0 tc 0 tw (skills)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 111.7466 355.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k ((4th ed.). englewood clif)tj 11.073 0 td (fs, nj: pr)tj 3.90088 0 td (entice hall.)tj -19.27906 -1.16667 td 0.003 tc 0.122 tw [(johnson, d. w)92(. & johnson, r. t)75(. (1999). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 238.1838 344.9038 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.003 tc 0.122 tw (learning together and alone: cooperative,)tj -16.35376 -1.16667 td 0 tc 0 tw (competitive, and individualistic)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 205.5588 334.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (.)tj 0.49986 0 td 0 tc [((5th ed.). boston, ma: )37(allyn & bacon.)]tj -15.22861 -1.16667 td -0.003 tc -0.01 tw (kieg, p)tj 2.99714 0 td -0.0028 tc (.)tj 0.48457 0 td -0.003 tc [((1994). intr)18(oducing elementary teachers to thematic science instr)8(uction. in)]tj -1.48171 -1.16667 td 0 tc 0.006 tw (l. e. schafer (ed.), )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 166.5178 313.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.006 tw (behind the methods class door: educating elementary and mid-)tj -8.39087 -1.16667 td -0.002 tc -0.01 tw (dle school science teachers)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 186.227 302.9038 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.002 tc -0.01 tw ((pp. 79-88). columbus, oh: the eric clearinghouse)tj -10.58078 -1.16667 td 0 tc 0 tw [(for science, mathematics, and envir)19(onmental education.)]tj -2 -1.16667 td 0.108 tw [(lincoln, )18(y)111(. s. & guba, e. g. (1985). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 219.359 281.9038 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.108 tw (naturalistic inquiry)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 293.9058 281.9038 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (.)tj 0.60819 0 td 0 tc 0.108 tw (beverly hills, ca: sage)tj -23.15328 -1.16667 td 0 tw (publications.)tj -2 -1.16667 td -0.011 tc -0.002 tw (mandel, s. (1991). )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 143.966 260.9038 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.011 tc -0.002 tw [(responses to cooperative learning pr)17(ocesses among elementary-age stu)-2(-)]tj -5.88511 -1.16667 td -0.007 tc 0 tw (dents)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 110.1889 250.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.007 tc (.)tj 0.4803 0 td -0.006 tw [(paper pr)18(esentation at the )36(annual meeting of the )37(american educational)]tj -2.6124 -1.16667 td 0 tc 0 tw [(resear)18(ch )37(association, chicago, illinois.)]tj -2 -1.16667 td 0.044 tw (mccaslin, n. (1996). )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 156.8295 229.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.044 tw [(cr)17(eative drama in the classr)18(oom and beyond)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 319.182 229.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (.)tj 0.54383 0 td 0 tc 0.044 tw [(white plains, ny)74(:)]tj -25.89739 -1.16667 td 0 tw (longman.)tj -2 -1.16667 td -0.016 tc 0.003 tw [(mckenzie gr)18(oup. (1995). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 170.9275 208.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.016 tc 0.003 tw [(urban systemic initiatives: pr)18(ogram descriptions)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 342.263 208.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0158 tc (.)tj 0.47169 0 td -0.016 tc [(w)92(ashington,)]tj -28.3898 -1.16667 td 0 tc [(dc: the mckenzie gr)18(oup, inc.)]tj -2 -1.16667 td 0.032 tw [(miles, m. & huberman, )37(a. m. (1984). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 224.2488 187.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.032 tw [(qualitative data analysis: a)-244(sour)17(cebook of new)]tj -14.80542 -1.16667 td 0 tw (methods)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 120.9905 176.9038 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (.)tj 0.49976 0 td 0 tc (beverly hills, ca: sage publications.)tj -5.83203 -1.16667 td 0.02 tc (mor)tj 1.92768 0 td 0.105 tw (gan, d. l. (ed.). (1993). )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 192.6199 166.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.02 tc 0.105 tw (successful focus gr)tj 8.23319 0 td (oups: advancing the state of art)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 392.7496 166.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k (.)tj -33.52774 -1.16666 td (newbury park, ca: sage.)tj -2 -1.16667 td -0.012 tc -0.001 tw (mortensen, l. l. (ed.). (1995). )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 189.1976 145.4039 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.012 tc -0.001 tw (the global change education r)tj 11.6432 0.00001 td 0 tw (esour)tj 2.09158 0 td -0.001 tw [(ce: noaa)-201(curriculum)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 392.7521 145.4039 tm 0 0 0 1 k (.)tj -33.52801 -1.16667 td (w)tj 0.9082 0.00001 td (ashington, dc: noaa)tj 10.23804 0 td [(of)17(fice of global change.)]tj -13.14624 -1.16668 td -0.008 tc -0.005 tw [(national resear)18(ch council. (1996). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 209.413 124.4039 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.008 tc -0.005 tw (national science education standards)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 341.4698 124.4039 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0078 tc (.)tj 0.47972 0 td -0.008 tc [(w)92(ashington,)]tj -28.3097 -1.1667 td 0 tc (dc: national )tj 6.06201 0.00001 td (academy pr)tj 5.48071 0.00001 td (ess.)tj -13.5427 -1.1667 td 0.001 tc 0.124 tw (national science foundation. (1993). fr)tj 18.24607 0.00001 td (echtling, j. (ed.). )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 308.3634 103.4039 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.001 tc 0.124 tw (user-friendly handbook)tj -24.1515 -1.1667 td 0 tc 0.017 tw [(for pr)18(oject evaluation: science, mathematics, engineering and technology education)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 392.7505 92.9039 tm 0 0 0 1 k (.)tj -33.5278 -1.1667 td (arlington, v)tj 5.45654 0.00001 td (a: national science foundation.)tj et 1 w 0 0 0 1 k 72 53.842 m 396 53.842 l s 0 0 0 0 k 72 38.921 324 11.857 re f 72 38.902 324 11.8581 re f 72 38.902 324 11.8581 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 72 44.6589 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (46)tj 8.6777 0.00001 td 0 tc (anastasia p)tj 5.54786 0.00001 td (.)tj 0.51587 0.00001 td (samaras,)tj 4.68432 0.00001 td (barbara j)tj 4.59229 0.00001 td [(.)-238(ho)15(war)19(d,)-238(& car)20(olee m.)-159(w)35(ende)]tj et q endstream endobj 25 0 obj << /length 11219 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 36 63 324 531 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 37 586.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.015 tc 0.002 tw [(national science foundation. (1995). fr)17(echtling, j. (ed.). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 253.0134 586.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.015 tc 0.002 tw (footprints: strategies for non-)tj -22.00149 -1.16667 td 0 tc 0 tw [(traditional pr)18(ogram evaluation)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 166.7947 575.9038 tm 0 0 0 1 k (.)tj 0.46313 0 td [(arlington, v)110(a: national science foundation.)]tj -14.88477 -1.16667 td -0.011 tw (national science foundation. (1996). )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 184.3535 565.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.011 tw [(shaping the futur)17(e: new expectations for under)-1(-)]tj -14.37261 -1.16667 td -0.02 tc 0.007 tw (graduate education in science, mathematics, engineering, and technology)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 306.6492 554.9038 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0197 tc (.)tj 0.46781 0 td -0.02 tc [(w)92(ashington,)]tj -28.42883 -1.16667 td 0 tc 0.048 tw [(dc: report by the )36(advisory committee to the national science foundation)]tj t* 0 tw [(dir)18(ectorate for education and human resour)18(ces.)]tj -2 -1.16667 td -0.001 tc -0.011 tw [(national science foundation. (1997). fr)17(echtling, j. & sharp, l. )1((eds.). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 310.1096 523.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.001 tc (user-friendly)tj -28.34551 -1.16667 td 0.02 tc 0.242 tw (handbook for mixed method evaluations)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 213.5083 512.9038 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.02 tc (.)tj 0.74558 0 td 0.242 tw [(arlington, v)110(a: national science)]tj -18.35761 -1.16667 td 0 tc 0 tw (foundation.)tj -2 -1.16667 td 0.01 tc 0.115 tw [(o\325connor)74(, j. (1995). maury pr)18(oject: )37(a)-320(unique partnership in ocean education.)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 55 481.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(curr)17(ent: the journal of marine education)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 208.9734 481.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k (,)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 211.2234 481.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k (13)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 220.2234 481.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k (,)tj 0.5 0 td (1.)tj -20.85815 -1.16667 td 0.017 tc 0.107 tw [(of)17(fice of educational resear)19(c)-1(h)-1( )-1(a)-1(n)-1(d)-1( )-1(i)-1(m)-1(p)-1(r)17(ovement \(oeri\). \(november)74(,)-1( )-1(1)-1(9)-1(9)-1(3)-1(\))-1(.)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 55 460.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.007 tc 0.117 tw [(student portfolios: classr)18(oom uses)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 185.8097 460.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.0074 tc (.)tj 0.63229 0 td 0.008 tc 0.116 tw [(o)1(f)19(f)1(i)1(c)1(e)1( o)1(f)1( r)1(e)1(s)1(e)1(a)1(r)19(ch, )-1(education )-1(consumer)]tj -15.1667 -1.16667 td 0 tc 0 tw [(guide. w)92(ashington, dc: oeri, the u.s. department of education.)]tj -2 -1.16667 td 0.013 tc 0.111 tw [(paraskevopoulos, s., padeliadu, s., & zafir)19(opoulos, k. (1998). envir)18(onmental)]tj 2 -1.16667 td 0 tc -0.006 tw [(knowledge of elementary school 世界æ¯2022赛程表淘汰赛 in gr)18(eece. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 266.295 428.9038 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.006 tw [(journal of envir)18(onmental)]tj -23.47722 -1.16667 td 0 tw (education)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 92.1514 418.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k (,)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 96.6514 418.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k (29)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 105.6514 418.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k ((3), 55-60.)tj -7.62793 -1.16667 td -0.007 tc -0.006 tw (pearsall, m. k. (ed.). (1992). )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 146.9527 407.9038 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.007 tc -0.006 tw [(the content cor)17(e: scope, sequence, and coordination pr)16(oject)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 356.7499 407.9038 tm 0 0 0 1 k (.)tj -33.52777 -1.16667 td [(w)92(ashington, dc: national science t)92(eachers )37(association.)]tj -2 -1.16667 td -0.017 tc 0.005 tw (piaget, j. (1965). )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 99.4428 386.9038 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.017 tc 0.005 tw (the moral judgment of the child)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 210.7117 386.9038 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0174 tc (.)tj 0.47013 0 td (t)tj 0.50559 0 td -0.017 tc 0.005 tw (rans. m. gabain. ny)tj 8.64317 0 td -0.0175 tc (:)tj 0.46985 0 td -0.018 tc [(the fr)18(ee pr)17(e)-1(s)-1(s)-1(.)]tj -29.39004 -1.16667 td 0.001 tc 0.123 tw (raizen, s. (1994). )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 109.9866 376.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.001 tc 0.123 tw [(the futur)17(e of science in elementary schools: educating pr)17(ospective)]tj -6.10962 -1.16667 td 0 tc 0 tw (teachers)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 84.1533 365.9038 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (.)tj 0.49984 0 td 0 tc (san francisco: jossey-bass.)tj -5.5016 -1.16667 td -0.002 tc (roychoudhury)tj 6.55379 0 td -0.0021 tc (,)tj 0.44851 0 td -0.002 tc -0.01 tw [(a., t)55(ippins, d., & nichols, s. (1993-1994). )38(an exploratory attempt)]tj -5.2398 -1.16667 td -0.005 tc -0.008 tw [(towar)18(d a feminist pedagogy for science education. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 254.8911 344.9038 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.005 tc -0.008 tw [(action in t)111(eacher education)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 356.7499 344.9038 tm 0 0 0 1 k (,)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9 0 0 9 55 334.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k (25)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9 0 0 9 64 334.4038 tm 0 0 0 1 k ((4), 36-46.)tj -3 -1.16667 td -0.011 tc (seymour)tj 3.83864 0 td -0.0105 tc (,)tj 0.47689 0 td -0.011 tc -0.002 tw [(e. 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