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(1983). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 110.244 468.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.019 tw [(fr)19(ames of mind: the theory of multiple intelligences)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 294.6422 468.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (.)tj 0.57592 0 td 0 tc 0.02 tw [(ne)19(w y)79(ork: basic)]tj -28.76912 -1.41176 td 0 tw [(books)37(.)]tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td -0.006 tc -0.008 tw [(gar)19(dner)110(, h. \(199)56(1\). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 108.09 444.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.005 tc -0.008 tw [(the unschooled mind: ho)19(w childr)18(en think and ho)19(w schools should teach)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 356.6376 444.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (.)tj -35.48678 -1.41176 td [(ne)19(w y)79(ork: basic books)37(. )]tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td -0.015 tw [(g)1(u)1(z)1(z)20(e)1(t)1(t)1(i)1(,)1( b)37(.)1(,)1( s)1(n)20(y)19(der)111(,)1( t)131(.)1(,)1( &)1( g)1(l)1(a)1(s)1(s)38(,)1( g)1(.)1( \()1(1)1(9)1(9)1(2)1(\))1(.)1( p)1(r)19(omoting )-1(conceptual )-1(change )-1(in )-1(science: )-1(can)]tj 2.11765 -1.41176 td 0 tw [(te)19(xts be used effectiv)18(ely? )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 149.1288 408.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(journal of r)19(eading)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 214.4082 408.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0003 tc (,)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 219.1313 408.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (35)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 227.9509 408.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (,)tj 0.55573 0 td 0 tc (542-649.)tj -23.02054 -1.41177 td -0.007 tc -0.007 tw [(jones)37(, g. carter)111(, g., & r)18(ua, m. (1999). childr)19(e)-1(n)-136(s concepts: t)88(ools f)18(or tr)19(ansf)19(orming science)]tj 2.11765 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0 tw [(teacher)19(s\325 kno)18(wledge)56(. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 134.3264 384.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (science education)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 197.7402 384.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0003 tc (,)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 202.4634 384.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (83)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 211.283 384.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k ((5).)tj -20.50389 -1.41176 td (k)tj 0.61235 0 td 0.001 tc 0.138 tw [(arplus)37(, r., l)18(a)19(w)19(son, a., w)92(ollman, w)130(., appel, m., bernoff, r., ho)18(w)19(e)56(, a., r)18(usch, j., &)]tj 1.50529 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0.065 tw [(sulliv)19(an, f)148(. (1980). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 126.5464 360.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.06 tw [(science teaching and the de)19(v)19(elopment of r)18(easoning)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 311.0749 360.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.065 tw ((4th edition).)tj -30.12646 -1.41176 td 0 tw (berk)tj 1.96265 0 td (ele)tj 1.22216 0 td (y)tj 0.40796 0 td -0.0002 tc (,)tj 0.55551 0 td 0 tc [(c)37(a: the r)18(egents of the univ)19(er)19(sity of calif)18(ornia. )]tj -6.26593 -1.41178 td 0.011 tw [(l)19(a)19(w)19(son, a., abr)18(aham, m., & r)19(enner)111(, j. (1989). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 209.7915 336.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (a)tj 0.89902 0 td 0 tc 0.01 tw (theory of instruction: using the learning)tj -19.10978 -1.41176 td -0.005 tc 0 tw (cy)tj 0.87844 0 td -0.008 tw (cle t)tj 1.65141 0 td -0.0049 tc (o)tj 0.74098 0 td -0.005 tc (teach science concepts and thinking skills)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 226.5874 324.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0052 tc (.)tj 0.53678 0 td -0.005 tc (monogr)tj 3.28309 0 td -0.009 tw (aph, number one)tj 7.64677 0 td -0.0052 tc (,)tj 0.53679 0 td -0.005 tc 0 tw (national)tj -32.19019 -1.41177 td 0 tc (association f)tj 5.49853 0 td (or r)tj 1.79566 0 td [(esear)19(ch in science t)87(eaching.)]tj -9.41184 -1.41177 td -0.001 tc -0.013 tw [(lieberman, g. & hoody)111(, l. (1998). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 164.538 300.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.001 tc -0.012 tw [(closing the a)56(chie)18(v)19(ement gap: using the envir)19(onment as)]tj -12.88682 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0.107 tw (an integr)tj 3.8256 0 td (ating conte)tj 4.6774 0 td (xt f)tj 1.49527 0.00001 td (or learning)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 179.7411 288.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (.)tj 0.67005 0 td 0 tc (st)tj 0.81501 0 td 0.114 tw (ate education and envir)tj 10.69368 0 td (onment r)tj 4.39203 0.00001 td 0 tw (oundt)tj 2.49975 0 td (able)tj 1.74096 0 td (,)tj -35.48692 -1.41178 td (science wiz)tj 5.20191 0 td [(ar)19(ds)36(, p)56(o)19(w)19(a)19(y: calif)18(ornia.)]tj -7.31955 -1.41177 td -0.001 tc (mar)tj 1.66373 0 td -0.013 tw (eck, e. & ca)tj 5.21025 0.00001 td 0 tc (v)tj 0.48043 0 td -0.001 tc (allo, a. (1997). )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 155.4318 264.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.001 tc -0.012 tw (the learning cy)tj 6.31178 0 td (cle: element)tj 4.95652 0.00001 td (ary school science and be)tj 10.40667 0 td 0 tc (y)tj 0.46145 0 td -0.001 tc 0 tw (ond)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 356.6364 264.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (.)tj -35.48664 -1.41176 td (p)tj 0.51807 0 td (ortsmouth, nh: heinemann.)tj -2.63572 -1.41177 td -0.012 tc (mur)tj 1.66713 0 td -0.002 tw [(dock, s., l)19(ee)56(, f)147(., & p)56(atter)19(son, c. (2000). t)87(eenager)19(s as cr)19(oss-age teacher)19(s: l)18(essons fr)19(om)]tj 0.45052 -1.41177 td 0 tc 0.103 tw (the field. in m. br)tj 7.94885 0 td (a)tj 0.48121 0 td (v)tj 0.4812 0 td (erman, r. carlos)tj 7.42731 0 td -0.0002 tc (,)tj 0.6586 0 td (&)tj 1.1026 0 td 0 tc (s. st)tj 1.99243 0 td 0 tw (anle)tj 1.79615 0 td -0.0002 tc (y)tj 0.89962 0 td 0 tc (\(eds)tj 1.81464 0.00001 td (.\), )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 274.5969 228.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (y)tj 0.48193 0 td 0.096 tw (outh de)tj 3.13226 0.00001 td (v)tj 0.44409 0 td (elopment pr)tj 5.05658 0 td (o)tj 0.5 0 td (-)tj -35.44979 -1.41178 td 0.004 tc 0 tw (gr)tj 0.86008 0 td 0.125 tw (amming: r)tj 4.68032 0 td 0 tc (e)tj 0.42955 0 td 0.004 tc 0 tw (vie)tj 1.17928 0 td 0.125 tw [(w)18(s and case studies fr)19(om the univ)19(er)18(sity of calif)19(ornia )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 315.0561 216.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.005 tc 0.134 tw (\(pp. 13-3)tj 4.03056 0 td 0 tw (1\))tj 0.86146 0 td 0 tc (.)tj -35.48686 -1.41177 td [(oakland, c)37(a: univ)18(er)19(sity of calif)19(ornia pr)18(ess)37(. )]tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td -0.006 tc -0.008 tw (national center f)tj 7.21991 0 td (or educational st)tj 7.22065 0 td 0 tw (atistics)tj 2.88019 0 td -0.0057 tc (.)tj 0.53624 0 td -0.006 tc ((1998). )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 216.9864 192.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.005 tc (pur)tj 1.44719 0 td -0.008 tw (suing e)tj 2.87974 0 td 0 tc (x)tj 0.49477 0 td -0.005 tc (cellence: initial findings fr)tj 10.5949 0 td 0 tw (om)tj -34.47382 -1.41178 td -0.016 tc 0.003 tw (the thir)tj 2.89629 0 td -0.0157 tc (d)tj 0.7302 0 td -0.016 tc (international mathematics and science stud)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 233.4202 180.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0169 tc (.)tj 0.52495 0 td (w)tj 0.83458 0 td -0.017 tc (ashingt)tj 2.99398 0 td 0.003 tw (on, dc: u.s. department)tj -25.34412 -1.41177 td 0 tc 0 tw (of education.)tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td (p)tj 0.51028 0 td -0.008 tc -0.006 tw [(onzio, r. & fisher)111(, c. (1995). intr)18(oducing pr)19(ospectiv)19(e teacher)18(s t)19(o contempor)19(ary vie)18(w)19(s of)]tj 1.60737 -1.41177 td 0 tc 0.022 tw (teaching and learning science: the science and y)tj 21.30085 0.00001 td [(outh pr)19(oject. in m.j. o\325hair & s.j.)]tj -21.30085 -1.41177 td -0.027 tc 0.013 tw [(odell \(eds)37(.\), )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 98.811 132.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.025 tc 0.012 tw [(educating teacher)19(s f)18(or leader)19(ship and change )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 251.3226 132.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.027 tc 0.013 tw [((pp. 257-284). thousand oaks)37(,)]tj -23.09678 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0 tw [(c)37(a: corwin pr)19(ess)36(.)]tj -2.1176 -1.4118 td 0.116 tw [(p)56(onzio r. & p)56(eter)18(son, k. (1999). a)56(dolescents as effectiv)19(e instruct)19(or)18(s of child science:)]tj 2.1176 -1.4118 td -0.004 tw [(p)56(articipant per)19(ceptions)36(. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 143.8527 96.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.004 tw [(journal of r)19(esear)18(ch and de)19(v)19(elopment in education)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 321.5936 96.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0003 tc (,)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 326.2841 96.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (33)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 335.1037 96.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.004 tw ((1) 36-)tj -32.9534 -1.4118 td 0 tw (45.)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 37 17.496 321.8 23.0401 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 38 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (richard ponzio & a. michael marzolla)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 14.112 17.496 22.499 23.0401 re f bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 15.112 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (280)tj et q endstream endobj 16 0 obj << /length 6344 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 72 63 324 532.8 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 73 588.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.016 tc 0.002 tw [(p)56(onzio, r., junge)55(, s., smith, m., manglallan, s., & p)56(eter)19(son, k. (2000). 4-h t)88(eens as science)]tj 2.11765 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0.005 tw [(teacher)19(s of childr)18(en. in m. br)19(a)19(v)19(erman, r. carlos)36(, & s. st)19(anle)19(y \(eds)37(.\), )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 343.9711 576.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.005 tw [(y)111(outh de)19(v)19(elop)-1(-)]tj -29.76131 -1.41176 td -0.0033 tc (m)tj 0.79274 -0.00001 td -0.003 tc -0.01 tw [(ent pr)19(ogr)18(amming: r)19(e)19(vie)19(w)19(s and case studies fr)18(om the univ)19(er)18(sity of calif)19(ornia)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 366.7852 564.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0035 tc (\()tj 0.29253 -0.00001 td -0.003 tc -0.011 tw (pp. 75-)tj -32.73785 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0 tw [(9)56(1\). oakland, c)37(a: univ)18(er)19(sity of calif)19(ornia pr)18(ess)37(. )]tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td -0.014 tw [(r)19(eich, r. (1983). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 136.41 540.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.013 tw [(the ne)19(xt american fr)18(ontier: a pr)19(o)19(v)19(ocativ)18(e pr)19(ogr)19(am f)18(or economic r)19(ene)18(w)19(al)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 392.6385 540.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (.)tj -35.48688 -1.41176 td [(ne)19(w y)79(ork: p)56(enguin books)37(. )]tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td -0.002 tc -0.012 tw [(r)19(eich, r. \(199)56(1)1(\))1(.)1( )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 135.6324 516.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.002 tc -0.011 tw [(the w)19(ork of nations: pr)18(eparing our)19(selv)19(es f)18(or 2)56(1st century capit)19(alism)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 374.093 516.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0025 tc (.)tj 0.53943 0 td -0.003 tc [(ne)19(w)]tj -33.84449 -1.41176 td 0 tc [(y)80(ork: knopf. )]tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td 0.002 tw [(sant)19(a barbar)18(a county education office)56(. \(200)56(1\). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 248.8937 492.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.001 tw [(2000-200)56(1, cebeds enr)18(ollment b)19(y ethnic)]tj -18.57573 -1.41176 td -0.004 tc 0 tw [(gr)19(oup)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 111.1278 480.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0046 tc (.)tj 0.53742 0 td -0.005 tc -0.009 tw [(on-line at: http://www)111(.sbceo.k12.ca.us/districts/cbeds/oocbeds \(pp. 1-4, eth-)]tj -2.9054 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0 tw [(nic)19(.pdf\). sant)18(a barbar)19(a, calif)19(ornia.)]tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td 0.003 tc 0.135 tw [(schultz, p)148(. & unipan, j. (2000). a)56(cultur)18(ation and ecological w)19(orldvie)19(w among l)19(atino)]tj 2.11765 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0 tw [(americans)37(. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 134.5957 444.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(journal of envir)19(onment)18(al education)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 260.3027 444.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0003 tc (,)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 265.0259 444.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.056 tc (31)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 273.3702 444.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k ((2), 22-27.)tj -23.57297 -1.41176 td -0.004 tc -0.01 tw [(simmons)37(, d., ar)18(chie)56(, m., mann, l., v)56(ymteal-t)148(a)18(ylor)111(, m., berk)19(o)18(witz, a., bedell, t)130(., br)19(aus)36(, j.,)]tj 2.11765 -1.41176 td -0.017 tc 0.003 tw [(holmes)37(, g., p)56(aden, m., r)18(az)19(e)56(, r., spence)56(, t)129(., & w)93(eiser)111(, b)36(. (1999) )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 316.3862 420.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.016 tc 0.003 tw [(ex)18(cellence in ee-guide-)]tj -26.51602 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0 tw [(lines f)19(or learning \(k)36(-12\))]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 174.5432 408.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (.)tj 0.55572 0 td 0 tc [(naaee: r)19(ock spring, geor)18(gia.)]tj -12.50198 -1.41177 td 0.002 tc 0.136 tw [(siegel, j. & shaughnessy)111(, m. 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