%pdf-1.3 % 1 0 obj << /opm 1 /type/extgstate >> endobj 2 0 obj << /op true /type/extgstate >> endobj 3 0 obj << /op false /type/extgstate >> endobj 4 0 obj << /length 5299 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 72 63 324 532.8 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 13.5 0 0 13.5 73 585.8022 tm 0 0 0 1 k (it\325s not just what you say, but how you say it: )tj 0 -1.33333 td (an exploration of the moral dimensions of metaphor )tj t* (and the phenomenology of narrative)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 9 0 0 9 73 528.8022 tm 0 0 0 1 k (traci warkentin, york university, canada)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9.5 0 0 9.5 87.4 492.8022 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(a)19(bstr)19(act )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9.5 0 0 9.5 87.4 480.8022 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(although ther)19(e is a mor)18(e viscer)19(al and, perhaps)37(, longer lasting influence in)]tj 0 -1.26316 td -0.003 tc [(o)-3(r)15(a)-3(l)-3( )-3(n)-3(arr)19(ativ)18(es than in written ones)37(, the ethical dimensions o)19(f both imply)]tj t* [(se)18(v)19(er)18(al lay)19(er)18(s o)19(f mor)18(al r)19(esponsibility due t)19(o the inter)18(subjectiv)19(e natur)18(e o)19(f the)]tj t* [(acts)37(. thr)18(ough a discussion o)19(f narr)18(ativ)19(e ethics and phenomenology)111(, i assert)]tj t* [(the potential f)37(or language)36(, in gener)19(al, and met)19(aphor)110(, in particular)111(, in f)37(oster)-1(-)]tj t* 0 tc [(i)3(n)3(g)3( )3(b)3(i)3(o)3(c)3(e)3(n)3(t)3(r)3(i)3(c)-256(ethics)37(. i define a particular biocentric ethics as a pr)18(ocess o)19(f)]tj t* [(inter)19(subjectiv)18(e empath)19(y thr)18(ough embodied e)19(xperiences with other beings)37(,)]tj t* -0.003 tc [(a)-3(n)-3(d)-3( )-3(s)-3(u)-3(ggest both an emphasis on spok)18(en/written met)19(aphor and a pr)19(actice o)18(f)]tj t* (\322met)tj 2.02504 0 td (aphorical imaginativ)tj 8.72483 0 td -0.0028 tc (e)tj 0.69746 0 td -0.003 tc (embodiment\323 as potential w)tj 11.87335 0 td (ay)tj 0.99482 0 td -0.0029 tc (s)tj 0.67919 0 td (o)tj 0.49761 0 td -0.0028 tc (f)tj 0.5865 0 td -0.003 tc (nurturing)tj -26.07881 -1.26317 td (such an ethics)tj 5.90662 0 td 0 tc (.)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f1 1 tf 9.5 0 0 9.5 87.4 350.0022 tm 0 0 0 1 k (r\216sum\216)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f2 1 tf 9.5 0 0 9.5 87.4 338.0022 tm 0 0 0 1 k (si l\325influence de la narr)tj 9.81005 0 td [(ation or)19(ale est plus visc\216r)18(ale et, sans doute)37(, plus)]tj -9.81005 -1.26316 td [(dur)19(able que celle de la narr)18(ation \216crite)37(, t)18(outes deux ont n\216anmoins des)]tj 0 -1.26315 td [(dimensions \216thiques qui comportent plusieur)19(s niv)18(eaux de r)19(esponsabilit\216)]tj 0 -1.26316 td [(mor)18(ale en r)19(aison de la natur)19(e inter)18(subjectiv)19(e des actes)37(. a)55(u fil d\325une discus-)]tj t* [(sion sur l\325\216thique et la ph\216nom\216nologie narr)19(ativ)18(es)37(, je soutiens que le lan-)]tj t* [(gage)37(, en g\216n\216r)18(al, et la m\216t)19(aphor)19(e)37(, en particulier)110(, ont le potentiel de nourrir)]tj t* [(une \216thique biocentrique)37(. ma d\216finition de l\325\216thique biocentrique est celle)]tj t* [(d\325un pr)19(ocessus d\325empathie par le truchement d\325e)18(xp\216riences e)19(xprim\216es entr)18(e)]tj t* [(les \220tr)19(es)36(. comme mo)19(y)19(ens possibles d\325alimenter une telle \216thique)36(, je pr)19(opose)37(,)]tj t* [(d\325une part, de privil\216gier la m\216t)19(aphor)18(e parl\216e ou \216crite et, d\325autr)19(e part, la)]tj t* [(pr)18(atique de la \307 per)19(sonnification m\216t)19(aphorique imaginativ)18(e \310.)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 170.0022 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.002 tc (met)tj 1.61668 0 td 0.137 tw [(aphor is e)19(v)19(erywher)18(e)56(. it is infused in st)19(ories)37(, embedded in language)56(,)]tj -1.61668 -1.2 td -0.022 tc 0 tw (fundament)tj 4.54208 0 td 0.008 tw [(al t)19(o one\325)36(s under)19(st)19(anding of the w)18(orld. in f)19(act, i ha)19(v)19(e just illustr)18(ated)]tj -4.54208 -1.2 td -0.025 tc 0.011 tw [(se)19(v)18(er)19(al met)18(aphor)19(s and find m)19(y)18(self har)19(d pr)18(essed t)19(o write a single sentence that)]tj t* -0.009 tc -0.005 tw [(does not cont)19(ain them, especially those met)18(aphor)19(s that i am most critical of)]tj t* -0.006 tc -0.008 tw [(in this paper)111(. some)55(, such as \322good is up\323 and \322kno)19(wledge is a building,\323 ar)19(e)]tj t* 0.001 tc 0.138 tw [(so completely assumed in e)19(v)18(ery)19(da)18(y language \(l)19(ak)19(off & johnson, 1980\),)]tj t* -0.021 tc 0.007 tw [(that i am often not e)19(v)18(en a)19(w)18(ar)19(e of them. what i find most intriguing, as l)18(ak)19(off)]tj t* 0 tc 0.034 tw (and johnson ha)tj 6.78898 0.00001 td [(v)19(e pointed out in )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 10 0 0 10 218.3345 86.0022 tm 0 0 0 1 k (met)tj 1.55493 0.00001 td 0.031 tw [(aphor)19(s w)73(e liv)19(e by)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 311.0708 86.0022 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (,)tj 0.58931 0 td 0 tc 0.034 tw (is the influence of)tj -24.3964 -1.2 td -0.009 tc -0.005 tw [(these met)19(aphor)18(s on thought and beha)19(viour)111(. mor)18(eo)19(v)19(er)110(, i am inter)19(ested in the)]tj et 0 0 0 0 k 396 17.496 24.7 23.0401 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 401.1572 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (241)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 72.659 17.496 322.13 23.0401 re f bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 166.3812 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (canadian journal of environmental education, 7(2), spring 2002)tj /f5 1 tf 1 0 0 1 -1000 1648 tm 1 g -0.25 tc ( )tj et q endstream endobj 5 0 obj << /length 6155 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 36 63 324 532.8 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 587.9617 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.018 tc 0.004 tw [(r)19(ole of met)19(aphor in ho)18(w one per)19(ceiv)19(es and e)18(xperiences their w)19(orld, and ho)19(w)111(,)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0 tc 0 tw [(ultimately)111(, this influences one\325)37(s ethics)36(.)]tj 1.8 -1.20001 td -0.002 tc -0.012 tw [(it is m)19(y contention that embodied e)18(xperience)56(, such that one feels their)]tj -1.8 -1.20001 td 0 tc 0.011 tw [(body continuous with the \322flesh of the w)19(orld\323\321as in merleau-p)55(onty\325)37(s \(gill,)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.02 tc 0.006 tw [(199)56(1\) notion of \322matter as flesh,\323 \322that is at once both sensible and sensitiv)19<65d3>]tj t* 0 tc 0.098 tw [(\(abr)19(am, 1996, p. 67\)\321will allo)18(w one t)19(o empathiz)19(e with other embodied)]tj 0 -1.20001 td 0 tw [(beings t)19(o the e)18(xtent of nurturing an ethics of r)19(espect f)19(or all such beings)37(. )]tj 1.8 -1.19999 td -0.0002 tc (i)tj 0.5892 0 td 0 tc 0.016 tw [(pr)19(esent this idea in the f)18(ace of its opposition; in the f)19(ace of cultur)19(ally)]tj -2.3892 -1.20001 td -0.011 tc -0.003 tw [(dominant languages)37(, met)18(aphor)19(s and st)19(ories\321specifically within w)92(estern, lit-)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0 tc 0 tw [(er)19(ate cultur)18(e\321that disembody e)19(xperience and f)19(oster notions of a mechan-)]tj t* 0.02 tw [(ical w)19(orld filled with isolated beings and aut)18(omat)19(ons)37(. i pr)18(esent a phenom-)]tj t* -0.02 tc 0.006 tw [(enological under)19(st)18(anding of the \322w)19(orld,\323 as the w)19(a)18(y in which i e)19(xperience m)19(y)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw [(w)19(orld, and participate in the w)19(orld(s) of other)18(s)37(. )]tj 1.8 -1.2 td 0.01 tc 0.129 tw [(also, as one who studies envir)19(onment)19(al ethics and identifies most)]tj -1.8 -1.2 td -0.008 tc -0.006 tw [(closely with biocentrism, i ponder wh)19(y it r)18(emains so mar)19(ginal an ethics and)]tj t* -0.028 tc 0.014 tw [(consider)19(ed so r)18(adical in its pr)19(actical applications? i ha)19(v)18(e w)18(onder)19(ed ho)19(w a dom-)]tj t* -0.025 tc 0.011 tw [(inantly anthr)19(opocentric ethical par)18(adigm is so str)19(ongly maint)18(ained? can a shift)]tj t* 0 tc 0.054 tw [(in language)56(, met)19(aphor)110(, and the st)19(ories w)19(e tell f)18(oster a shift in ethics? as i)]tj t* -0.026 tc 0.012 tw [(e)19(xplor)18(e all these notions)37(, i am encour)19(aged t)18(o pr)19(actice what i pr)19(opose and offer)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw [(the f)19(ollo)18(wing short st)19(ory bef)19(or)18(e beginning m)19(y analy)19(sis:)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 11 0 0 11 174.0959 326.3616 tm 0 0 0 1 k (tree story)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 303.5616 tm 0 0 0 1 k (w)tj 0.83773 0 td -0.0135 tc (e)tj 0.75049 0 td -0.013 tc -0.001 tw [(sit in a cir)19(cle)56(, mesmeriz)18(ed. the teller slo)19(w)1(l)1(y)112(, car)18(efully)111(,)1( )1(u)1(n)20(winds a t)18(ale that)]tj -1.58822 -1.2 td 0 tc 0.089 tw [(has been spun t)19(oo tight b)18(y other)19(s)37(. a t)19(ale)56(, that in our rush t)18(o hear it, has)]tj t* -0.009 tw [(snagged on our ear)19(s and str)18(et)19(ched t)19(aut acr)18(oss them so that w)19(e str)19(ain t)19(o lis)-1(-)]tj t* -0.008 tc -0.006 tw [(ten. it is not a t)19(ale meant solely f)18(or the ear)19(s)37(, as w)19(e ha)18(v)19(e mist)19(ak)18(enly thought.)]tj 1.8 -1.2 td -0.02 tc 0.006 tw [(as the teller twists and sw)19(a)18(y)18(s)37(, cr)18(eaks and swishes)37(, fissur)19(es and knots)36(, our)]tj -1.8 -1.2 td -0.019 tc 0.005 tw [(finger)19(s twit)18(ch, our palms it)19(ch, our noses tingle)56(, nostrils flaring, ear)18(s still str)19(ain-)]tj t* 0 tc 0.006 tw [(ing, e)19(y)19(es lolling. w)92(e ar)19(e invited t)19(o dance the t)18(ale along with the teller)111(, with)]tj t* 0 tw [(each other)111(.)]tj 1.8 -1.2 td 0.001 tc 0.137 tw [(w)92(e)-1( )-1(p)-1(l)-1(u)-1(n)-1(g)-1(e)-1( )-1(i)-1(n)-1(t)18(o the soft earth, w)19(e ar)19(e soft-bodies wriggling thr)18(ough)]tj -1.8 -1.2 td 0.01 tc 0.129 tw [(ca)19(v)18(erns)37(, riv)19(er)18(s)37(, r)19(ock, wher)18(e twisting r)19(oots entwine)56(. w)93(e ar)18(e har)19(d-shells)]tj t* -0.003 tc -0.011 tw [(meandering thr)19(ough rich debris meals)37(, cr)18(eating possibility)111(, enacting r)19(ene)18(w)1(-)]tj t* 0.002 tc 0.137 tw (al. w)tj 2.29361 0 td 0.0016 tc (e)tj 0.91847 0 td 0.002 tc [(ar)19(e man)18(y-ey)19(es climbing up spongy st)19(alks int)19(o par)18(asols ripe with)]tj -3.21208 -1.2 td 0 tc (ne)tj 1.05518 0 td -0.0001 tc (w)tj 1.10146 0 td 0 tc 0.065 tw [(life betw)19(een flesh)18(y f)19(olds)37(. w)92(e ar)19(e l)19(ong-l)18(egs)37(, shado)19(w hopping, flitting)]tj -2.15664 -1.2 td -0.02 tc 0.006 tw [(thr)19(ough sudden shar)18(ds of light, moment)19(arily dazzled. then, leaping ont)18(o long)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw (fr)tj 0.66602 0.00001 td 0.007 tw (onds and springing up int)tj 11.09952 0 td -0.0001 tc (o)tj 0.82155 0 td 0 tc (the canop)tj 4.26616 0 td (y)tj 0.40796 0.00001 td -0.0003 tc (,)tj 0.5622 0 td 0 tc [(w)19(e ar)18(e f)56(eather-wings)37(, flying past)]tj -17.82342 -1.20002 td -0.0103 tc (a)tj 0.75367 0 td -0.01 tc -0.004 tw [(feast of plump r)19(ed orbs cluster)18(ed among dense br)19(anches and w)19(axy lea)19(v)19(es)36(.)]tj -0.7537 -1.2 td -0.005 tc -0.009 tw [(up w)19(e continue)55(,)1( )1(w)20(e ar)19(e flutter-wings)37(, flitting t)18(o)19(w)20(ar)18(d the outstr)19(et)19(ched limbs)]tj t* -0.019 tc 0.005 tw (that interlace an undulating r)tj 11.98409 0.00001 td (oof of gr)tj 3.48583 0.00001 td (een. w)tj 2.87139 0.00001 td -0.0192 tc (e)tj 0.74481 0 td -0.019 tc 0 tw (ar)tj 0.81295 0.00001 td -0.0192 tc (e)tj 0.74476 0 td -0.019 tc 0.005 tw [(tin)19(y-ones swimming in the)]tj -20.6438 -1.2 td -0.015 tc 0.001 tw [(dense air)111(, moist and thick with the br)18(eath of the w)19(orld. w)92(e inhale each other)111(,)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw [(deeply)111(.)]tj et 0 0 0 0 k 36.333 17.496 323.667 23.0401 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 37.3333 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (traci warkentin)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 14.112 17.496 21.732 23.0401 re f bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 15.112 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (242)tj et q endstream endobj 6 0 obj << /length 5946 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 72 63 324 532.8 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 91 587.9617 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.007 tw [(glancing back, w)19(e see the pattern of our mo)18(v)19(ements)37(, each moment of)]tj -1.8 -1.2 td -0.011 tc -0.003 tw [(the t)19(ale made visible b)18(y the sine)19(wy strings e)19(xtending betw)18(een our)19(selv)19(es)36(. w)93(e)]tj 0 -1.20001 td -0.012 tc -0.002 tw [(had not noticed them bef)19(or)18(e)56(. delicate y)18(et tenacious t)1(hr)18(eads)37(, the)19(y ar)18(e hidden)]tj t* 0 tc 0.033 tw [(in the shado)19(w)19(s and almost invisible in the sun, sa)18(v)19(e a flick)19(er of iridescent)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.015 tc 0.001 tw [(sheen. w)93(e look closer)110(, not with our e)19(y)19(es but with our skins and suddenly feel)]tj t* -0.011 tc -0.003 tw [(them e)19(v)18(erywher)19(e)56(, humming, r)18(e)19(v)18(erber)19(ating, so man)19(y that it is difficult t)19(o sin)-1(-)]tj 0 -1.20001 td 0 tc 0 tw [(gle-out and f)19(ollo)18(w an)19(y one str)19(and. )]tj 1.8 -1.19999 td -0.01 tc -0.004 tw [(s)1(o)1(o)1(n)1(,)1( )1(w)20(e become a)18(w)20(ar)18(e that the t)19(ale has slack)19(ened about our lobes and)]tj -1.8 -1.20001 td -0.015 tc 0.001 tw [(is spir)19(alling in the dance)55(, in all of us)37(, dancing. w)93(e ar)18(e beginning t)19(o listen with)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.025 tc 0.011 tw [(our t)19(oes)36(, t)19(apping, and t)19(o see with our arms)36(, twirling, hands clapping. and then)]tj t* 0 tc 0.019 tw [(w)19(e under)19(st)18(and. w)93(e will no longer ask t)19(o hear the st)18(ory of the tr)19(ee)56(. w)92(e will)]tj t* 0 tw [(become the f)19(or)18(est.)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 11 0 0 11 197.3396 422.3616 tm 0 0 0 1 k (narrative ethics)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 399.5616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.008 tc -0.006 tw (although a seemingly passiv)tj 12.0273 0 td (e)tj 0.75607 0 td 0 tw (endea)tj 2.57132 0 td -0.006 tw [(v)19(our)110(, r)19(eading is an activ)19(e pur)18(suit wher)19(e-)]tj -15.35469 -1.20001 td 0.007 tc 0.131 tw [(b)19(y)1( t)1(h)1(e)1( s)1(t)20(o)1(r)1(y)1( a)1(n)1(d)1( s)1(t)20(o)1(r)1(i)1(e)1(s)1( w)1(i)1(t)1(h)1(i)1(n)1( a)1(r)19(e )-1(made )-1(intelligible )-1(thr)19(ough )-1(the )-1(activ)19(e)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0 tc 0.101 tw [(under)19(st)18(anding and empath)19(y of the r)19(eader)110(, who is then implicated in the)]tj t* 0.004 tc 0.135 tw [(e)19(v)19(ents as the)18(y unf)19(old. asserting the cont)19(agious natur)18(e of st)19(ories)37(, a)55(dam)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw [(ne)19(wt)18(on (1995) quotes t)88(olst)19(o)18<79d5>37(s st)19(atement that: )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 91 330.5616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.01 tc -0.004 tw (art is a human activity consisting in this)tj 16.86768 0 td (,)tj 0.53196 0 td [(that one man consciously b)19(y means of)]tj -17.39964 -1.23529 td [(cert)19(ain e)18(xternal signs)37(, hands on t)19(o other)18(s feelings he has liv)19(ed thr)19(ough, and that)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw [(other)19(s ar)18(e infected b)19(y those feelings and also e)19(xperience them. (p. 65))]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 287.0616 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.018 tc 0.12 tw [(with this quot)19(ation ne)18(wt)19(on is suggesting a cert)18(ain permeation of the)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.012 tc -0.002 tw [(author/teller\325)37(s)1( )1(w)19(o)1(r)20(d)1(s)1( )1(r)19(esulting in a lingering effect on the r)19(eader/listener)111(.)1( )1(t)1(h)1(i)1(s)]tj t* -0.011 tc -0.003 tw [(signifies a special kind of intimac)19(y in r)18(eading and points t)19(o the potential eth-)]tj t* 0 tc 0.086 tw [(ical po)19(w)19(er of the \322sa)18(ying\323 latent in the te)19(xt. it serv)19(es as a r)18(eminder that)]tj t* -0.007 tc -0.007 tw [(author)19(s should be mindful of the messages the)19(y ma)18(y be inadv)19(ertently send-)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw [(ing thr)19(ough the use of their language)56(.)]tj 1.8 -1.2 td -0.003 tc -0.011 tw [(the particularity and intimac)19(y of the \322sa)18(ying\323 also points t)19(o the impos-)]tj -1.8 -1.2 td -0.014 tc 0 tw [(sibility of a position of mor)19(al r)18(elativism \(ne)19(w)1(t)20(on, 1995\). the sense i get fr)18(o)1(m)]tj t* -0.01 tc -0.004 tw [(ne)19(wt)18(on is that a r)19(ecognition of mor)18(al obligation in and thr)19(ough engagement)]tj t* 0 tc 0.005 tw [(with other)19(s is of gr)18(eater import than the adoption of an e)19(xternal, univ)19(er)18(sal)]tj t* -0.004 tc 0 tw (normativ)tj 3.89661 0 td -0.0036 tc (e)tj 0.76036 0 td -0.004 tc -0.01 tw [(pr)19(escription. mor)18(eo)19(v)18(er)111(, the immediate)56(, particular)111(, and obligat)19(ory)]tj -4.65697 -1.2 td 0 tc 0.039 tw [(implications of inter)19(subjectivity seem t)18(o f)19(a)19(v)19(our ethics embedded in a per)-1(-)]tj t* 0 tw [(sonally locat)19(able and meaningful conte)18(xt. as b)19(y ne)19(wt)18(on\325)37(s o)18(wn definition: )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 91 122.0616 tm 0 0 0 1 k tj 0.36474 0.00001 td -0.023 tc 0.009 tw (ethics\323 r)tj 3.39158 0.00001 td 0 tw (efer)tj 1.57323 0.00001 td -0.0234 tc (s)tj 0.66646 0 td (t)tj 0.27301 0.00001 td -0.0233 tc (o)tj 0.77765 0 td -0.023 tc 0.009 tw [(the r)19(adicality and uniqueness of the mor)18(al situation itself, a bind-)]tj -7.0467 -1.2353 td -0.006 tc -0.008 tw [(ing claim e)19(x)18(er)19(cised upon the self b)19(y a concr)19(ete and singular other whose mor)18(al)]tj t* 0 tc 0.13 tw [(appeal pr)19(ecedes both decision and under)18(st)19(anding . . . the ethical subject is)]tj ' 0.3879 0 td 0 tw (assigned t)tj 4.31421 0.00001 td -0.0002 tc (o)tj 0.81468 0 td 0 tc (mor)tj 1.77688 0.00001 td (ality b)tj 2.64843 0.00001 td -0.0001 tc (y)tj 0.79682 0 td 0 tc [(the appeal of the other)111(.\323 (p. 12) )]tj et 0 0 0 0 k 72 17.4601 324 23.0399 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 228.8101 33.8348 tm 0 0 0 1 k (it\325s not just what you say, but how you say it)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 396 17.496 24.7 23.0401 re f bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 401.1613 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (243)tj et q endstream endobj 7 0 obj << /length 6476 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 36 63 324 532.8 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 55 587.9617 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.009 tc -0.005 tw [(this conte)19(xtual, inter)18(subjectiv)19(e)56(, ethical natur)19(e of \322sa)19(ying\323 in narr)18(ativ)19(e)1( )1(i)1(s)]tj -1.8 -1.2 td 0 tc 0.031 tw [(an essential point with r)19(espect t)18(o a biocentric philosoph)19(y r)19(ealiz)18(ed thr)19(ough)]tj 0 -1.20001 td 0.027 tw [(inter)19(subjectivity\321the e)18(xperience of all beings as subjects of mor)19(al consid-)]tj t* 0.007 tc 0.132 tw [(er)19(ation\321and is giv)18(en a thor)19(ough, and quite convincing e)19(x)19(amination in)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0 tc 0 tw [(da)19(vid abr)18(am\325)37(s (1996) )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 10 0 0 10 134.4121 539.9617 tm 0 0 0 1 k (the spell of the sensuous)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 239.7515 539.9617 tm 0 0 0 1 k (.)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 11 0 0 11 119.719 506.3616 tm 0 0 0 1 k (phenomenological intersubjectivity )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 483.5616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.014 tc [(thr)19(oughout this book, abr)18(am (1996) str)19(esses that the effectiv)18(eness of a st)19(ory)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0 tc 0.02 tw [(depends upon an intimate r)19(elation t)18(o place)56(, which in turn is influenced b)19(y)]tj t* -0.007 tc -0.007 tw [(one\325)37(s per)18(ceptual abilities)37(. he adv)19(ocates that the attunement of human sens-)]tj 0.0044 tc (es)' 1.3515 0 td (is)tj 1.1105 0 td 0.004 tc 0.134 tw [(necessary f)19(or one t)18(o engage in a discour)19(se with one\325)37(s other-than-)]tj -2.46201 -1.2 td 0 tc 0 tw (human)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 7 0 0 7 67.5566 437.8716 tm 0 0 0 1 k (1)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 75.5453 435.5616 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.132 tw [(surr)19(oundings)36(, which is furthermor)19(e essential t)19(o the inclusion of)]tj -3.85453 -1.2 td -0.011 tc -0.003 tw [(\322natur)19(e\323 in human ethics)36(. t)88(urning t)19(o the phenomenological w)18(ork of husserl,)]tj t* 0.011 tc 0.128 tw [(abr)19(am embr)18(aces his notion of inter)19(subjectivity as a w)19(a)18(y of e)19(xplaining)]tj t* -0.005 tc -0.009 tw (human per)tj 4.68927 0 td (ceptual e)tj 3.81939 0 td [(xperience of the w)19(orld. by this principle)56(, people ar)18(e not)]tj -8.50866 -1.20001 td 0 tc 0.072 tw [(self-cont)19(ained subjects e)18(xperiencing an outer)111(, objectiv)19(e w)18(orld, r)19(ather that)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0.003 tc 0.136 tw [(e)19(v)18(ery)19(one is an e)19(xperiencing subject and ther)18(e is r)19(ecipr)19(ocity thr)18(ough an)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw [(engagement with one another)111(. )]tj 1.8 -1.2 td 0.062 tw [(abr)19(am (1996) then applies this theory t)18(o human encounter)19(s with the)]tj -1.8 -1.2 td 0.001 tc 0.138 tw (other-than-human r)tj 8.61222 0 td [(ealm. cont)19(act with other beings confirms one\325)37(s)1( )1(o)19(w)1(n)]tj -8.61222 -1.20001 td -0.008 tc -0.006 tw [(sentience as much as it asserts their)19(s)37(. he describes the e)18(xperience of an ant)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.011 tc -0.003 tw [(cr)19(a)18(wling upon his arm, r)19(eacting t)19(o his mo)18(v)19(ement and mood and r)19(ealiz)18(es the)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw (shar)tj 1.83276 0 td [(ed natur)19(e of the encounter:)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 55 282.5616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.001 tc -0.013 tw [(in r)19(elation t)18(o the ant i feel m)19(y)19(self as a dense and material object, as capricious)]tj 0 -1.23529 td 0 tc 0.061 tw [(in m)19(y actions as the undulating earth itself. finally)110(, then, wh)19(y might not this)]tj t* -0.021 tc 0.007 tw [19(e)18(v)19(er)19(sibility\323 of subject and object e)18(xtend t)19(o e)19(v)18(ery entity that i e)19(xperience? once)]tj -0.0065 tc (i)' 0.55351 0 td -0.006 tc -0.008 tw [(ackno)19(wledge that m)18(y)1( )1(o)20(wn sentience)56(, or subjectivity does not pr)18(eclude m)19(y)1( )1(v)1(i)1(s)1(-)]tj -0.55351 -1.23529 td 0 tc 0.005 tw [(ible)56(, t)18(actile)56(, objectiv)19(e e)19(xistence f)18(or other)19(s)37(, i find m)19(y)19(self f)18(or)19(ced t)19(o ackno)18(wledge)]tj t* -0.006 tc -0.008 tw [(that an)19(y visible)55(, t)19(angible f)19(orm that meets m)18(y gaz)19(e ma)19(y also be an e)18(xperiencing)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw [(subject, sensitiv)19(e t)18(o the beings ar)19(ound it and t)19(o me)56(. (p. 67) )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 197.0616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.016 tc -0.004 tw [(abr)19(am\325)36(s (1996) e)19(xperience of inter)19(subjectivity thr)19(ough his phenomenological)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.02 tc 0 tw [(engagement with the ant is e)19(x)18(actly the kind of e)19(xperience that can lead t)19(o the)]tj 0 tc (r)' 0.34552 0 td -0.006 tc 0.115 tw [(ealiz)19(ation of an envir)18(onment)19(al ethics that i feel is desir)19(able)55(. in f)19(act, it is)]tj -0.34552 -1.2 td -0.027 tc 0.007 tw [(abr)19(am\325)36(s under)19(st)19(anding of a phenomenology of language and per)18(ception, com-)]tj t* -0.016 tc -0.003 tw (bined with ne)tj 5.83972 0.00001 td [(wt)19(on\325)36(s notion of narr)19(ativ)19(e ethics)36(, that has inspir)19(ed m)19(y o)18(wn def-)]tj -5.83972 -1.20001 td -0.022 tc 0.002 tw [(inition of a biocentric ethics)37(, wher)18(eb)19(y one\325)37(s ethical r)18(esponsibilities ar)19(e r)19(ealiz)18(ed)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.025 tc 0.005 tw [(thr)19(ough the pr)18(esence of and engagement with \322other(s),\323 including other-than-)]tj t* -0.006 tc -0.01 tw (human subjects)tj 6.6718 0 td -0.0057 tc (,)tj 0.5345 0 td -0.006 tc (in each particular conte)tj 10.00102 0.00001 td (xt of encounter)tj 6.41412 0.00001 td -0.0057 tc (.)tj 0.53436 0 td (l)tj 0.47565 0.00001 td -0.006 tc (anguage is crucial)tj -24.6315 -1.2 td -0.017 tc 0.003 tw [(i)5(n)5( )5(t)5(h)5(e)5( )5(d)5(e)24(v)24(e)5(l)5(o)5(p)5(m)5(e)5(n)5(t of this kind of ethics)36(, as an e)19(xperience of inter)19(subjectivity)]tj t* [(can be either f)19(oster)18(ed or hinder)19(ed b)19(y dominant, cultur)18(ally specific met)19(aphor)19(s)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw (perv)tj 1.907 0 td (asiv)tj 1.6658 0 td -0.0001 tc (e)tj 0.7778 0 td 0 tc (in e)tj 1.5919 0 td [(v)19(ery)18(da)19(y language)56(, as w)19(e shall see i)-1(n)6( )6(t)6(h)6(e)6( )6(f)25(o)6(l)6(l)6(o)25(w)6(i)6(n)6(g)6( )6(s)6(e)6(c)6(tions)36(.)]tj et 0 0 0 0 k 36.333 17.496 323.667 23.0401 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 37.3333 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (traci warkentin)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 14.112 17.496 21.732 23.0401 re f bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 15.112 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (244)tj et q endstream endobj 8 0 obj << /length 8671 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 72 63 324 532.8 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 11 0 0 11 120.0012 587.4685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (pervasive metaphors that impede intersubjectivity)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 564.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.026 tc 0.012 tw (in their book, )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 10 0 0 10 130.7213 564.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.025 tc 0.012 tw [(met)19(aphor)18(s w)74(e liv)19(e by)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 217.9633 564.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0265 tc (,)tj 0.51549 0 td -0.026 tc 0.012 tw [(l)19(ak)18(off and johnson (1980) r)19(e)19(v)19(eal just ho)19(w)]tj -15.01182 -1.2 td 0.001 tc 0.138 tw [(import)19(ant and influential met)18(aphor is within whole sy)19(stems of thought.)]tj t* 0 tc 0.109 tw [(t)148(ak)19(e their e)18(x)19(ample of \322)56(ar)19(gument is w)18(ar)111(.\323 the terms associated with this)]tj t* -0.025 tc 0.011 tw [(met)19(aphorical concept ar)18(e lik)19(ely utter)19(ed countless times a da)19(y without an)18(y con-)]tj 0 -1.20001 td -0.024 tc 0.01 tw [(scious r)19(ecognition of the met)18(aphor as such b)19(y either speak)19(er or listener)110(. l)19(a)1(k)20(off)]tj t* -0.016 tc 0.002 tw [(and johnson pr)19(o)19(vide the f)19(ollo)18(wing e)19(xpr)19(essions as e)18(x)19(amples: \322y)80(our claims ar)19(e)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 492.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.011 tc (indefensible)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 123.9292 492.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0119 tc (.)tj 0.53005 0 td (.)tj 0.53005 0 td (.)tj 0.53005 0 td (.)tj 0.53005 0 td -0.012 tc -0.002 tw [(i\325v)19(e ne)18(v)19(er )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 10 0 0 10 188.9644 492.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.03 tc [(wo)-19(n)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 208.675 492.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.012 tc -0.002 tw [(an ar)19(gument with him . . . . he )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 10 0 0 10 341.199 492.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.011 tc -0.002 tw [(shot do)19(wn)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 385.4155 492.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.012 tc (all)tj -31.24155 -1.2 td -0.002 tw [(of m)19(y ar)18(guments\323 (p. 4). what effect does this w)19(a)19(y of speaking ha)19(v)19(e on r)18(ela-)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw [(tionships betw)19(een people and ho)18(w the)19(y inter)19(act?)]tj 1.8 -1.2 td -0.002 tc -0.012 tw [(in answ)19(er t)18(o this question, it is perhaps fruitful t)19(o look t)19(o another dom-)]tj -1.8 -1.2 td 0.009 tc 0.129 tw [(inant cultur)19(ally and hist)18(orically specific met)19(aphor e)19(vident within man)18(y)]tj t* 0 tc 0.025 tw [(human pr)19(actices: \322)55(animals ar)19(e machines)37(.\323 t)148(ak)18(e the tr)19(eatment of domestic)]tj t* -0.002 tw [(\322liv)19(est)18(ock,\323 f)19(or e)19(x)19(ample)55(, wher)19(e e)19(v)19(en the term \322liv)18(e-st)19(ock\323 itself indicates a)]tj t* 0 tw [(r)19(elated conception of \322)56(animals ar)18(e r)19(esour)19(ces)36(.\323 )]tj 1.8 -1.2 td 0.021 tw [(whether one truly means it or not, this language r)19(eflects a conceptual)]tj -1.8 -1.2 td 0.054 tw [(met)19(aphor and must at some le)18(v)19(el r)19(einf)19(or)18(ce the accept)19(ability of beha)19(viour)]tj t* 0.113 tw [(aligned with it. this)37(, i belie)18(v)19(e)56(, is e)19(vident in the f)18(act)19(ory f)19(arming of co)18(w)19(s)38(.)]tj t* -0.004 tc -0.01 tw [(compar)19(ed t)18(o beef, the dairy industry is pr)19(obably not seen t)18(o be as e)19(vil. the)]tj t* 0 tc 0.012 tw [(sanctity of \322mother\325)37(s milk\323 with its white purity st)18(ands in st)19(ark contr)19(ast t)18(o)]tj t* -0.019 tc 0.005 tw [(the blood r)19(ed meat of mur)18(der)111(. phot)19(os of happ)18(y holsteins gr)19(azing in open pas-)]tj t* 0 tc -0.011 tw [(tur)19(e ar)18(e also f)19(ar less pr)19(o)19(v)18(ocativ)19(e than those of cattle on the f)19(act)19(ory conv)18(e)19(y-)]tj t* -0.024 tc 0.01 tw (or belt. one need look no further than at the phot)tj 20.40153 0 td 0 tw (ogr)tj 1.31585 0 td 0.01 tw [(aphs on monsant)19<6fd5>36(s w)19(eb-)]tj -21.71738 -1.20001 td 0 tc -0.01 tw [(site t)19(o get this impr)18(ession.)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 7 0 0 7 186.2666 302.9785 tm 0 0 0 1 k (2)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 192.8331 300.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.01 tw [(and y)19(et an equally heinous ment)18(ality perv)19(ades)]tj -11.98331 -1.2 td -0.002 tw [(this past)19(or)18(al scene)56(. the language that is used t)19(o describe monsant)18<6fd5>37(s pr)19(od)-1(-)]tj t* (uct \322p)tj 2.55274 0 td [(osilac bo)19(vine somat)18(otr)19(opin,\323 a gr)19(o)19(wth hormone)55(, r)19(e)19(v)19(eals the underly-)]tj -2.55274 -1.2 td 0 tw [(ing attitude of the compan)19(y t)18(o)19(w)19(ar)19(ds the co)19(w)19(s: )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 91 243.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.002 tc -0.012 tw [(p)56(osilac bo)19(vine somat)18(otr)19(opin is widely accepted and used as a )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 317.1728 243.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.002 tc -0.011 tw [(management t)19(ool)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 91 233.1685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.021 tc 0.007 tw [(t)19(o enhance dairy co)19(w)1( )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 168.6642 233.1685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.02 tc [(pr)19(oductivity)110(.)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 212.1559 233.1685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.021 tc 0.007 tw [(\(monsant)19(o, 200)56(1a, p)55(osilac 1 step bo)19(vine soma-)]tj -14.25363 -1.23529 td 0 tc 0 tw [(t)19(otr)19(opin b)18(y monsant)19(o: gener)19(al inf)18(ormation [online], emphasis added\))]tj 0 -2.47059 td -0.012 tc -0.002 tw [(all health)19(y)1( )1(c)1(o)19(w)20(s)37(, beginning during the ninth or tenth w)19(eek of lact)19(ation, ar)18(e good)]tj 0 -1.23529 td 0 tc 0.03 tw [(candidates f)19(or posila)56(c. )-1(i)1(n add)-1(ition t)19(o incr)19(easing )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 275.9569 191.1685 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.028 tw (milk yield)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 313.0929 191.1685 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(immediately)111(, )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 363.2479 191.1685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (feed)tj -32.02917 -1.23529 td [(int)19(ak)18(e)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 114.6194 180.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.014 tw [(also incr)19(eases)36(, although this ma)19(y lag behind the incr)19(ease in milk b)19(y se)18(v-)]tj -2.77875 -1.23529 td 0.001 tw [(er)19(al w)18(eeks)37(. the incr)19(eased )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 187.6812 170.1685 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.001 tw [(nutrient int)19(ak)18(e)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 241.9769 170.1685 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.001 tw [(is used both t)19(o support the incr)18(eased)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 91 159.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.065 tw (milk pr)tj 3.02605 0 td 0 tw (oduction)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 150.0557 159.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.07 tw (and t)tj 2.27349 0 td -0.0002 tc (o)tj 0.8842 0 td 0 tc 0 tw [(r)19(eplenish )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 213.5311 159.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.065 tw (body r)tj 2.67473 0 td 0 tw [(eserv)19(es)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 264.8567 159.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.07 tw (in the co)tj 3.87951 0 td [(w)111(. \(monsant)19(o, 200)55(1b)56(,)]tj -24.33323 -1.23529 td (p)tj 0.5132 0.00001 td -0.005 tc -0.009 tw [(osilac 1 step bo)19(vine somat)18(otr)19(opin b)19(y monsant)18(o: pr)19(oduction and management)]tj -0.5132 -1.2353 td 0 tc 0 tw ([online], emphasis added\))tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 116.1686 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.025 tc 0.011 tw [(the full e)19(xtent t)18(o)1( w)-1(hich)1( langu)-1(a)1(g)-1(e)56(, thought and action ar)19(e met)19(aphorical is often)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0 tc 0.004 tw (not r)tj 2.0587 0 td 0 tw (ecogniz)tj 3.27661 0.00001 td 0.004 tw (ed. as l)tj 3.43431 0.00001 td [(ak)19(off and johnson (1980) ha)18(v)19(e demonstr)19(ated, f)18(amiliar)]tj -8.7696 -1.2 td 0.002 tw [(and f)19(airly subtle met)18(aphorical terms go pr)19(actically unnoticed, and y)19(et the)19(y)]tj t* 0.005 tc 0.134 tw [(fundament)19(ally influence ethics because the)18(y)1( )1(r)20(einf)19(o)1(r)19(ce a ph)19(y)19(sical r)19(eality)]tj t* (with an accepted conceptual construct, ther)tj 19.76327 0.00001 td 0 tw (eb)tj 1.04661 0.00001 td 0.0045 tc (y)tj 0.94017 0 td (r)tj 0.35595 0.00001 td 0.005 tc 0.134 tw [(eaffirming the actions)37(,)]tj et 0 0 0 0 k 72 17.4601 324 23.0399 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 228.8101 33.8348 tm 0 0 0 1 k (it\325s not just what you say, but how you say it)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 396 17.496 24.7 23.0401 re f bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 401.1613 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (245)tj et q endstream endobj 9 0 obj << /length 7177 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 36 63 324 532.8 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 587.9617 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.022 tc 0.007 tw [(belief)19(s)37(, )-1(and )-1(v)19(alues )-1(that )-1(corr)18(e)1(s)1(p)1(o)1(n)1(d)1( w)1(i)1(t)1(h)1( i)1(t)1(.)1( t)1(h)1(i)1(s)1( i)1(s)1( e)20(vident )-1(in )-1(the )-156(c)1(o)19(w)1( i)1(s)1( a)1( m)1(i)1(l)1(k)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0 tc 0 tw [(machine\323 e)19(x)19(ample)55(, with its language of pr)19(oductivity and efficienc)19(y)111(.)]tj 1.8 -1.20001 td -0.021 tc 0.007 tw [(t)88(oda)18(y)111(, the language of mechanism has r)19(eached a pinnacle in mainstr)19(eam)]tj -1.8 -1.20001 td -0.016 tc 0.002 tw [(speech and conceptions of r)19(eality thr)18(ough met)19(aphor)19(s)1( )1(d)1(i)1(r)19(ectly associated with)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.008 tc -0.006 tw [(computer)19(s)36(. the human/computer \322interf)19(ace\323 is no)19(w a permeable boundary)111(,)]tj t* 0 tc 0.006 tw [(as not only ha)19(v)18(e human br)19(ains come t)19(o be described in terms of the input)]tj 0 -1.20001 td -0.0152 tc (of)tj 1.08565 0 td -0.015 tc 0.001 tw [(inf)19(ormation and dat)18(a analy)19(sis)37(, but the r)18(e)19(v)19(er)19(se has also occurr)18(ed with com-)]tj -1.08565 -1.19999 td 0 tc 0 tw [(puter)19(s said t)18(o be infected with viruses)37(. )]tj 1.8 -1.20001 td 0.013 tc 0.126 tw [(so what is the danger in this met)19(aphor)110(, if an)19(y? w)93(ell, accor)18(ding t)19(o)]tj -1.8 -1.2 td -0.003 tc -0.011 tw [(k)36(at)1(herin)-1(e)1( w)92(a)19(yne (1995), ther)18(e ar)19(e tw)19(o main types of met)18(aphor: gener)19(ativ)19(e)]tj t* -0.027 tc 0.013 tw [(and r)19(oot. gener)18(ativ)19(e met)19(aphor)18(s arise out of r)19(oot met)19(aphor)18(s)38(, so although a gen-)]tj t* 0.006 tc 0.133 tw [(er)19(ativ)18(e met)19(aphor ma)19(y appear benign, it is in f)19(act within the necessary)]tj t* 0.012 tc 0.127 tw [(accept)19(ance of its r)18(oot met)19(aphor wher)19(e the danger lies)36(. f)56(or in bo)19(w)19(er)18(s)1]tj t* -0.023 tc 0.009 tw [(w)19(o)1(r)20(d)1(s)37(, it is the r)19(oot met)19(aphor \322which is used b)18(y a cultur)19(al gr)18(oup as conceptual)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw [(templates f)19(or bringing t)18(o human e)19(xperience a mor)19(al and conceptual sense)]tj t* [(of or)19(der\323 (p. 98). )]tj 1.8 -1.2 td [(t)88(o demonstr)19(ate)56(, w)92(a)19(yne pr)19(o)18(vides the f)19(ollo)19(wing e)19(x)18(amples: )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 55 374.9616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.008 tw [(w)93(e can see that the br)19(ain inputs dat)]tj et 0.425 w 0 0 0 1 k 150.4261 374.1966 m 187.0316 374.1966 l s bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 186.8718 374.9616 tm (a)tj et 186.8718 374.1966 m 190.962 374.1966 l s bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 193.4119 374.9616 tm [(at r)19(apid r)18(ates and can st)]tj et 275.371 374.1966 m 281.6671 374.1966 l s bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 281.5073 374.9616 tm 0 tw (or)tj et 281.5073 374.1966 m 289.2146 374.1966 l s bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 289.0548 374.9616 tm (e)tj et 289.0548 374.1966 m 293.145 374.1966 l s bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 295.5948 374.9616 tm -0.008 tw (it in virtually)tj -28.30527 -1.23529 td -0.006 tc (limitless amounts)tj et 86.9899 363.6966 m 118.7837 363.6966 l s bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 120.9749 364.4616 tm -0.0063 tc (.)tj 0.53571 0 td (.)tj 0.53571 0 td (.)tj 0.53571 0 td -0.006 tc [(\(gen. met. is computer)19(s\). \322)92(all y)19(ou ha)18(v)19(e t)19(o pr)19(o)19(vide is a lec-)]tj -9.36888 -1.23529 td -0.016 tc 0.002 tw [(tur)19(e)56(, put in all the pertinent inf)18(ormation, get)]tj et 200.4473 353.1966 m 211.347 353.1966 l s bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 213.4518 353.9616 tm [(that inf)19(ormation out)]tj et 273.6157 353.1966 m 285.1421 353.1966 l s bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 287.247 353.9616 tm [(t)19(o the 世界杯2022赛程表淘汰赛 )37(,)]tj -27.32318 -1.23529 td 0 tc 0.006 tw [(and get them t)19(o )-1(hand it back)]tj et 115.972 342.6967 m 161.5737 342.6967 l s bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 163.9868 343.4616 tm [(t)19(o y)18(ou in some under)19(st)19(andable f)18(orm\323 \(gen. met.)]tj -12.82198 -1.23529 td -0.017 tc 0.003 tw [(is that of language as a conduit; inf)19(ormation is a ph)18(y)19(sical object being put in, got-)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw (ten out, and handed back\). \(p. 98\))tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 299.9616 tm 0 0 0 1 k (w)tj 0.85107 0 td (a)tj 0.4812 0 td (yne then sums up that: )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 55 278.9616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.01 tc -0.004 tw [(these analogs \(gener)19(ativ)19(e met)18(aphor)19(s\) only mak)19(e sense because of the t)19(ak)18(en f)19(or)]tj 0 -1.23529 td 0.011 tc 0 tw (gr)tj 0.87236 0.00001 td 0.128 tw (anted natur)tj 5.24488 0 td 0.0105 tc (e)tj 0.92735 0 td 0.011 tc [(of the r)19(oot met)18(aphor \(original sin, pr)19(ogr)19(e)1(s)1(s)37(, individualism,)]tj -7.04459 -1.2353 td -0.005 tc -0.009 tw [(mechanistic natur)19(e of the w)18(o)-1(r)-1(l)-1(d)-1(,)-1( )-1(a)-1( )-1(m)-1(a)-1(n)-1(-)-1(c)-1(e)-1(n)-1(t)-1(e)-1(r)18(ed univ)19(er)18(se)56(, et)19(c)18(.\) that fr)19(ames the)]tj 0 -1.23529 td -0.01 tc -0.004 tw [(choice of gener)19(ativ)18(e met)19(aphor)19(s used in the pr)19(ocess of under)18(st)19(anding the \322ne)19(w)111<2ed3>]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw ((p. 99) )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 214.4616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.021 tc (ther)tj 1.87915 0 td 0.007 tw [(ein lies the rub)56(. it is the inconspicuous and insidious r)19(ole these gener)19(ativ)18(e)]tj -1.87915 -1.2 td -0.013 tc -0.001 tw [(and r)19(oot met)18(aphor)19(s pla)19(y in the participation and r)19(einf)18(or)19(cement of whole cul-)]tj t* -0.012 tc -0.002 tw [(t)1(u)1(r)20(al par)18(a)1(d)1(i)1(g)1(m)1(s)38(, that in turn influence cultur)19(al belief sy)19(stems and v)18(alues)37(.)1( )1(n)1(o)1(t)]tj 0 tc (t)' 0.2955 0 td -0.0007 tc (o)tj 0.80026 0 td -0.001 tc -0.013 tw [(mention the influence this has on the w)19(a)18(y that people per)19(sonally e)19(xperi-)]tj -1.09576 -1.2 td 0 tc 0 tw [(ence and engage or disengage with their w)19(orld.)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 11 0 0 11 74.8972 132.8616 tm 0 0 0 1 k (ethical dimensions of root and generative metaphors)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 110.0616 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.044 tw [(r)19(eferring t)19(o the w)18(ork of da)19(vid orr)111(, w)92(a)19(yne (1995) outlines the connection)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0 tw [(betw)19(een envir)18(onment)19(al ethics and language as f)19(ollo)19(w)19(s: )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 55 77.0616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.001 tc -0.013 tw (if w)tj 1.6132 0 td -0.0006 tc (e)tj 0.7634 0 td -0.001 tc (accept orr\325)tj 4.7771 0 td -0.0007 tc (s)tj 0.6892 0 td -0.001 tc 0 tw (fir)tj 0.92326 0.00001 td -0.013 tw [(st principle)56(, that all education is envir)18(onment)19(al education,)]tj -8.7662 -1.2353 td -0.005 tc -0.009 tw [(and w)19(e consider that mor)18(al education is the tr)19(ansmission of our v)19(alue sy)19(stems)36(,)]tj et 0 0 0 0 k 36.333 17.496 323.667 23.0401 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 37.3333 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (traci warkentin)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 14.112 17.496 21.732 23.0401 re f bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 15.112 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (246)tj et 0.125 w 0 0 0 1 k 150.667 372 m 191.03 372 l s q endstream endobj 10 0 obj << /length 7542 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 72 63 324 532.8 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 91 588.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.007 tc -0.007 tw [(and that, as other)19(s suggest, our v)18(alue sy)19(stems ar)19(e encoded in our language)56(, it is)]tj 0 -1.23529 td -0.014 tc 0 tw [(appar)19(ent that ther)18(e is a significant r)19(elationship betw)19(een ho)19(w w)18(e speak and what)]tj t* -0.012 tc -0.002 tw [(w)19(e speak. t)88(o sa)18(y this another w)19(a)18(y)111(, our r)19(esponses t)19(o the envir)18(onment lie embed-)]tj t* 0 tc 0.105 tw [(ded in the tr)19(ansmission of our cultur)18(e thr)19(ough our language)56(. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 322.905 557.4874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.097 tw (if our language)tj -27.28294 -1.23529 td -0.017 tc 0.004 tw [(embeds an ecological aw)19(ar)18(eness)37(, w)18(e should be able t)19(o tease out the met)19(aphor)18(s which)]tj t* -0.01 tc -0.003 tw [(support that aw)19(ar)18(eness; if not, our language embeds other cultur)19(al patterns and the)]tj t* -0.015 tc 0.002 tw [(met)19(aphor)18(s e)19(xpr)18(essing them should pr)19(o)19(vide us with an insight int)18(o what the)19(y ar)19(e and)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw [(what actions the)19(y support)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 182.2609 515.4874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (.)tj 0.55576 0 td 0 tc ((p. 2-3, emphasis added))tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 492.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.005 tc -0.009 tw [(thr)19(ough a f)18(ocus upon the w)19(ork of ur)19(sula l)18(e guin, w)93(a)18(yne (1995) pr)19(oposes a)]tj 0 -1.20001 td 0 tc 0.064 tw [(causal r)19(elationship betw)18(een met)19(aphor and mor)19(ality st)19(ating th)-1(at: \322l)19(e guin)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.006 tc -0.008 tw [(sho)19(w)19(s us ho)18(w differ)19(ent met)19(aphorical underpinnings of language can lead t)18(o)]tj t* 0.002 tc 0.137 tw [(differ)19(ent kno)18(wledge)56(, thus leading t)19(o differ)18(ent mor)19(al templates\323 \(p. 134-)]tj t* -0.007 tc -0.007 tw [(135\). my point her)19(e is not t)18(o ar)19(gue f)19(or a one-dir)18(ectional, causal r)19(elationship,)]tj t* -0.011 tc -0.003 tw [(but r)19(ather a mer)18(e r)19(ecognition of the r)19(ecipr)18(ocal influence each element in the)]tj t* 0 tc -0.01 tw [(r)19(elationship e)19(x)19(erts upon one another)110(. r)19(oot and gener)19(ativ)18(e met)19(aphor)19(s arise)]tj t* 0.068 tw [(within sy)19(stems of thought and then shape)55(, sometimes e)19(v)19(en r)19(efr)18(ame)56(, and)]tj t* 0 tw [(maint)19(ain those sy)18(stems)37(.)]tj 1.8 -1.2 td -0.014 tw [(in l)19(e guin\325)36(s no)19(v)19(el )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 10 0 0 10 169.8462 384.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.013 tw [(alw)19(ay)18(s coming hom)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 255.6269 384.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.014 tw [(e)56(, w)93(a)19(yne (1995) identifies se)18(v)19(en)]tj -18.26269 -1.2 td -0.023 tc 0 tw (gener)tj 2.3093 -0.00001 td 0.009 tw [(ativ)19(e met)18(aphor)19(s: w)19(ar)110(, lor)19(d, machine)56(, house)56(, animal, dance)55(, and, the w)19(a)19(y)111(.)]tj -2.3093 -1.2 td -0.003 tc -0.011 tw [(the languages)37(, conceptual schemat)19(a, and mor)18(ality of the tw)19(o opposing cul-)]tj t* -0.028 tc 0 tw (tur)tj 1.12051 0 td (es)tj 0.834 0 td -0.0276 tc (,)tj 0.5144 0 td -0.028 tc 0.014 tw (the k)tj 2.13595 0 td [(esh and the condor peoples)37(, e)18(x)19(emplify these met)18(aphor)19(s)37(. f)55(or e)19(x)18(am-)]tj -4.60486 -1.20001 td 0 tc 0.062 tw [(ple)56(, emplo)19(ying met)18(aphor)19(s lik)18(e the w)19(a)19(y)111(, animal, and dance)56(, the k)37(esh con)-1(-)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.012 tc 0 tw (ceptualiz)tj 3.70529 0 td -0.0122 tc (e)tj 0.75176 0 td -0.012 tc -0.002 tw (life as a hinged spir)tj 8.12622 0 td (al, which f)tj 4.32594 0 td 0 tw (acilit)tj 1.9448 0 td -0.002 tw (ates their vie)tj 5.36256 0 td -0.0123 tc (w)tj 1.01072 0 td -0.012 tc (of life as pr)tj 4.66967 0 td 0 tw (ocess)tj -29.89696 -1.20002 td 0 tc (and r)tj 2.25879 0 td (elationship. )tj -0.45879 -1.20001 td -0.02 tc 0.006 tw [(in contr)19(ast, the condor people typify the met)18(aphor)19(s w)19(ar)110(, lor)19(d, house)56(, and)]tj -1.8 -1.2 td 0 tc -0.002 tw (machine thr)tj 5.23853 0 td (ough \322social beha)tj 7.64405 0 td 0 tw (viour)tj 2.1836 0 td -0.0003 tc (s)tj 0.70179 0 td (r)tj 0.35119 0 td 0 tc (eflectiv)tj 3.07373 0 td -0.0001 tc (e)tj 0.77611 0 td 0 tc -0.002 tw (of dominance in the f)tj 9.30741 0 td (orm of)tj -29.27641 -1.20002 td (w)tj 0.73308 0 td -0.007 tc -0.007 tw [(ar)111(, ensla)18(v)19(ement, both liter)19(al and figur)19(ativ)18(e)56(, of w)19(omen, conquer)19(ed peoples)36(,)]tj -0.73308 -1.2 td -0.024 tc 0.01 tw (and other-than-human life)tj 10.69466 0 td -0.0243 tc (,)tj 0.51757 0 td -0.024 tc 0 tw (po)tj 1.0257 0 td 0 tc (w)tj 0.71584 0 td -0.024 tc 0.01 tw (er hier)tj 2.65463 0 td 0 tw (ar)tj 0.80276 0 td (chies)tj 2.04572 0 td -0.0243 tc (,)tj 0.51771 0 td -0.024 tc (envir)tj 2.06296 0 td (onment)tj 3.22493 0 td 0.01 tw (al degr)tj 2.76694 0 td (adation, and)tj -27.02941 -1.20003 td -0.009 tc -0.005 tw (technological/material obsession\323 \(w)tj 15.5865 0 td 0 tc (a)tj 0.47213 0 td -0.009 tc 0 tw (yne)tj 1.50966 0 td -0.0092 tc (,)tj 0.53276 0 td -0.009 tc -0.005 tw (1995, p. 1)tj 4.29048 0 td (05\). pr)tj 2.82013 0 td [(actical e)19(x)19(amples)]tj -25.21166 -1.20002 td -0.013 tc -0.001 tw (of \322)tj 1.46467 0 td [(animals ar)19(e machines\323 and \322)56(ar)18(gument is w)19(ar\323 ar)19(e also at pla)18(y in this \322fic-)]tj -1.46467 -1.2 td -0.017 tc 0.003 tw (tional\323 cultur)tj 5.35131 0 td -0.0175 tc (e)tj 0.74656 0 td -0.017 tc (\(a thinly v)tj 4.11219 0 td (eiled futuristic v)tj 6.58173 0 td 0 tw (er)tj 0.81637 0 td 0.003 tw (sion of 20th century american cul)tj 14.31397 0 td 0 tc (-)tj -31.92212 -1.20001 td 0.008 tc 0 tw (tur)tj 1.22782 0 td 0.131 tw (e\) \(p. 1)tj 3.30891 0 td (05\). ultimately)tj 6.55315 0 td 0.0082 tc (,)tj 0.70291 0 td (a)tj 0.92491 0 td (r)tj 0.35953 0 td 0.008 tc [(oot met)19(aphor of pr)18(ogr)19(ess is centr)19(al t)18(o the)]tj -13.07722 -1.20001 td -0.011 tc -0.003 tw [(condor cultur)19(e)55(. w)93(a)18(yne adds that \322this cultur)19(ally and hist)19(orically specific idea)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0 tc 0.101 tw (of pr)tj 2.13751 0 td 0 tw (ogr)tj 1.38794 0 td 0.101 tw (ess also r)tj 4.16369 0 td (elies on associated concepts of r)tj 14.44707 0 td (ationalism, technology)tj 9.78594 0 td (,)tj -31.92215 -1.20001 td 0 tw (aut)tj 1.33301 0 td (onom)tj 2.51782 0 td (y)tj 0.40796 0 td -0.0001 tc (,)tj 0.55575 0 td 0 tc [(and individualism\323 \(p. 1)56(05\).)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 11 0 0 11 106.313 147.3874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (root metaphors of atomism: a legacy of enlightenment )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 124.5874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.003 tw [(this particular idea of pr)19(ogr)18(ess is also critically e)19(x)18(amined b)19(y mary midgle)19(y)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0.011 tc 0 tw (\(200)tj 1.9522 0 td 0.067 tw (1\) in her discussion of the r)tj 12.53919 0.00001 td 0 tw (eper)tj 1.95143 0.00001 td 0.067 tw [(cussions of the w)93(estern concept of)]tj -16.4428 -1.2 td 0.003 tc -0.006 tw [(at)19(omism. she identifies tw)18(o opposing y)19(et r)19(einf)19(or)18(cing e)19(xpr)18(essions of at)19(om-)]tj t* 0.011 tc 0 tw (istic theory: )tj et 0 0 0 0 k 72 17.4601 324 23.0399 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 228.8101 33.8348 tm 0 0 0 1 k (it\325s not just what you say, but how you say it)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 396 17.496 24.7 23.0401 re f bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 401.1613 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (247)tj et q endstream endobj 11 0 obj << /length 6846 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 36 63 324 532.8 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 587.9617 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.004 tc -0.01 tw [-944(the scientific r)19(eductionism betw)18(een mind and matter \(materialism lead-)]tj 1.44 -1.2 td 0 tc 0 tw [(ing t)19(o determinism and f)18(at)19(alism\), and )]tj -1.44 -1.20001 td [-940(social at)19(omism which f)18(a)19(v)19(our)19(s the aut)18(onomous individual and fr)19(ee will. )]tj 0 -2.40001 td 0.004 tc 0.135 tw [(the socio-political consequences of both visions ar)18(e dir)19(e and ar)19(e made)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0 tc 0 tw [(w)19(or)19(se b)18(y the met)19(aphor)19(s that sust)18(ain them \(midgle)19(y)111(, 200)56(1\). )]tj 1.8 -1.20001 td -0.014 tw [(a)37(t)19(omism is identified b)19(y midgle)18(y \(200)56(1\) as a concept that v)19(aloriz)19(es the)]tj -1.8 -1.19999 td -0.013 tc -0.001 tw [(individual parts o)19(v)18(er the whole)56(, and consider)19(s discr)18(ete particles or entities as)]tj 0 -1.20001 td -0.019 tc 0.005 tw [(mor)19(e r)18(eal than the aggr)19(e)-1(g)-1(a)-1(t)-1(e)55(. she highlights se)18(v)19(er)18(al scientific and social appli-)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0 tc 0 tw [(cations of at)19(omistic theory)110(, y)19(et str)19(esses her purpose that:)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 55 458.9616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (the)tj 1.88923 0 td 0 tc [(point that matter)19(s her)18(e is that the)19(y ar)19(e modern v)18(er)19(sions of a po)19(w)19(erful but)]tj -1.88923 -1.23529 td -0.002 tw [(not specially r)19(ational vision, deriv)18(ed fr)19(om the at)19(omists)36(, of the natur)19(al w)19(orld as)]tj t* 0.1 tw [(someho)19(w r)18(adically f)19(or)18(eign t)19(o us and of our)19(selv)19(es as r)18(adically f)19(or)18(eign t)19(o that)]tj t* 0 tw [(w)19(orld\321a vision that is still influential in our thinking t)19(oda)18(y)111(. (p. 35))]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 404.9616 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.009 tc 0.13 tw [(it is this at)19(omistic theory and imagery that acts as a r)18(oot f)19(or machine)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0 tc 0.126 tw [(met)19(aphor)18(s and so influences cert)19(ain imaginativ)19(e visions of the w)19(orld as)]tj t* 0 tw [(mechanical and manipulat)19(able)56(. as midgle)18(y \(200)56(1\) asserts:)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 55 359.9616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.004 tc -0.01 tw [(m)-1(a)-1(c)-1(h)-1(i)-1(n)-1(e)-1( )-1(i)-1(m)-1(a)-1(g)-1(e)-1(r)-1(y)-1( )-1(c)-1(h)-1(a)-1(n)-1(g)-1(e)-1(s)-1( )-1(t)-1(h)-1(e)-1( )-1(w)18(orld-vie)18(w pr)19(of)19(oundly because machines ar)18(e b)19(y)]tj 0 -1.23529 td 0.016 tc 0.123 tw [(definition under human contr)19(ol. the)18(y can in a sense be fully under)19(s)1(t)20(ood)]tj t* 0 tc -0.003 tw [(because the)19(y can be t)18(ak)19(en t)19(o pieces)36(. and if the w)19(orld is essentially a machine)56(,)]tj t* -0.014 tc 0 tw [(then it can be t)19(ak)18(en t)19(o pieces t)19(oo and r)18(eassembled mor)19(e satisf)19(act)19(orily)110(. it w)19(as the)]tj t* -0.013 tc -0.001 tw (fusion of these tw)tj 7.44761 0 td -0.0131 tc (o)tj 0.78792 0 td -0.013 tc 0 tw (imaginativ)tj 4.40543 0 td -0.0131 tc (e)tj 0.75089 0 td -0.013 tc -0.001 tw (visions that made modern science look possible)tj 20.06231 0.00001 td 0 tc (.)tj -33.45417 -1.2353 td 0 tw [(and it had t)19(o look possible bef)18(or)19(e an)19(y)19(one could actually st)18(art doing it. (p. 25))]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 284.9616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0108 tc (an)tj 1.44632 0 td -0.011 tc -0.003 tw [(imaginativ)19(e vision is a po)18(w)19(erful thing, so i must turn briefly no)19(w t)18(o a dis-)]tj -1.44632 -1.2 td -0.003 tc -0.011 tw (cussion on cosmological conceptions of the univ)tj 20.67198 0 td 0 tw (er)tj 0.84563 0 td (se)tj 0.86442 0 td -0.0029 tc (,)tj 0.53905 0 td (as)tj 1.18416 0 td -0.003 tc -0.011 tw [(its r)19(ele)18(v)19(ance lies in)]tj -24.10525 -1.20001 td -0.016 tc 0.002 tw [(the f)19(act that human beings tend t)18(o construct an imaginativ)19(e vision of the uni-)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.023 tc 0.009 tw [(v)19(er)19(se upon which cultur)18(al narr)19(ativ)19(es ar)18(e then based, and fr)19(om which w)19(e glean)]tj 0 tc (r)' 0.34925 0 td -0.002 tc -0.012 tw (oot and gener)tj 5.95142 0 td [(ativ)19(e met)18(aphor)19(s)37(. medie)19(v)18(al eur)19(opean society pr)19(o)19(vides an ele-)]tj -6.30067 -1.20001 td -0.006 tc -0.008 tw [(gant e)19(x)18(ample of this cultur)19(al tr)19(ait, and a clear contr)18(ast with modern notions)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.016 tc 0.003 tw [(of a mechanistic and at)19(o)1(m)1(i)1(s)1(t)1(i)1(c)1( )11(w)19(o)1(r)1(l)1(d)1(v)1(i)1(e)20(w)111(.)1]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 7 0 0 7 220.2136 215.2716 tm 0 0 0 1 k (3)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 226.6296 212.9616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.016 tc 0.003 tw (in the epilogue of )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 10 0 0 10 301.9468 212.9616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.015 tc 0.002 tw [(the discar)19(ded)]tj -26.49468 -1.2 td -0.01 tc 0 tw (image)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 61.6856 200.9616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0102 tc (,)tj 0.53174 0 td -0.01 tc -0.004 tw (c.s. l)tj 2.38027 0 td [(e)19(wis (1964) mak)19(es the assertion that the natur)18(e of the \322model,\323)]tj -5.38057 -1.2 td [(or cosmological master narr)19(ativ)18(e)56(, of an)18(y cultur)19(e is in part determined b)19(y the)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw [(psy)19(chology of the period. he st)18(ates that:)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 55 155.9616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.009 tc -0.005 tw [(in e)19(v)19(ery age the human mind is deeply influenced b)19(y the accepted model of the)]tj 0 -1.23529 td -0.026 tc 0 tw (univ)tj 1.74752 0.00001 td (er)tj 0.79941 0.00001 td 0.012 tw [(se)56(. but ther)18(e is tw)19(o-w)19(a)18(y tr)19(affic; the model is also influenced b)19(y the pr)19(e)18(v)19(ailing)]tj -2.54693 -1.23531 td 0 tc 0.001 tw [(temper of mind. . . . w)93(e can no longer dismiss the change of models as a sim)-1(-)]tj 0 -1.23529 td -0.016 tc 0.002 tw [(ple pr)19(ogr)18(ess fr)19(om err)19(or t)18(o truth. no model is a cat)19(alogue of ultimate r)19(ealities)36(, and)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw [(none is a mer)19(e f)18(ant)19(asy)111(. (p. 222) )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 91.4616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.002 tc -0.012 tw [(it w)19(ould be wise t)18(o adopt the humility suggested b)19(y l)19(e)19(wis (1964) and r)18(esist)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0.002 tc 0.137 tw [(fr)19(om looking upon dominant w)92(estern master narr)19(ativ)19(es as the embodi-)]tj t* -0.016 tc 0.002 tw [(ment of ultimate univ)19(er)18(sal truths)37(. t)80(rue or otherwise)56(, the st)18(ory of a \322big bang\323)]tj et 0 0 0 0 k 36.333 17.496 323.667 23.0401 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 37.3333 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (traci warkentin)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 14.112 17.496 21.732 23.0401 re f bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 15.112 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (248)tj et q endstream endobj 12 0 obj << /length 6177 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 72 63 324 532.8 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 587.9617 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.01 tw (as the origin of an inanimate planet earth orbiting an enormous ball of gas)tj 0 -1.2 td -0.005 tc -0.009 tw [(in a cold v)19(acuum of meaningless space does not inspir)18(e a per)19(sonal sense of)]tj 0 -1.20001 td -0.003 tc -0.011 tw [(meaning and connection with the w)19(orld. furthermor)18(e)56(, this conceptual con-)]tj t* -0.016 tc 0.002 tw [(te)19(xt has aided a conceptual division t)18(o occur )1(b)-1(e)1(tw)18(een human society and the)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.001 tc -0.013 tw [(r)19(est of the w)19(orld thr)18(ough a kind of disengagement with the liv)19(ed, per)19(ceptu-)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw [(al w)19(orld.)]tj 1.8 -1.20001 td -0.014 tc [(h)1(e)1(r)20(e)1( )1(i)1(s)1( )1(y)19(et another dimension of the influence of at)19(omism upon thought)]tj -1.8 -1.19999 td -0.016 tc 0.002 tw [(and e)19(xperience)56(. by this theory)110(, the human senses ar)19(e not able t)19(o)1( )1(d)1(i)1(r)19(ectly per-)]tj 0 -1.20001 td 0 tc -0.009 tw [(ceiv)19(e our w)18(orld; the)19(y ar)19(e mer)18(ely the medium thr)19(ough which the r)19(a)19(w mate)-1(-)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.026 tc 0.012 tw [(rials pass on their w)19(a)18(y t)19(o the br)18(ain f)19(or interpr)19(et)19(ation \(mik)18(unas & pilott)19(a, 1998\).)]tj t* 0.006 tc 0.133 tw [(the idea that all things ar)19(e constituted of at)18(omic particles does not, in)]tj t* -0.013 tc -0.001 tw [(itself, necessarily lead t)19(o a det)18(ached vie)19(w of the w)19(orld. ho)18(w)19(e)18(v)19(er)111(, the abstr)18(act)]tj t* -0.021 tc 0.007 tw [(idea that per)19(ception is fundament)18(ally the r)19(esult of at)19(omic particles stimulating)]tj t* [(parts of the br)19(ain is quite differ)18(ent fr)19(om the notion that the w)19(orld is full of ani-)]tj t* 0 tc 0.098 tw [(mate per)19(ceptible entities that humans can r)18(elate t)19(o and potentially com-)]tj t* 0 tw (municate with. )tj 1.8 -1.2 td -0.0001 tc (the)tj 1.92617 0 td 0 tc 0.037 tw [(latter of which ma)19(y be f)18(ound in l)19(e)19(wis\325 (1964) under)19(st)18(anding of a)]tj -3.72617 -1.2 td -0.01 tc -0.004 tw [(medie)19(v)18(al eur)19(opean conception of the univ)18(er)19(se)56(, in which all matter is subject)]tj t* -0.009 tc -0.005 tw [(t)19(o sympathies and antipathies)36(. the language and met)19(aphor of this sy)19(stem is)]tj t* 0.001 tc 0.138 tw [(deliber)19(ate and effectiv)18(e in f)19(ostering a cosmology of or)19(der)111(, purpose)55(, and)]tj t* 0.009 tc 0.13 tw [(meaning. the w)19(or)18(ds sympath)19(y and antipath)19(y ar)18(e not simply meant t)19(o)]tj t* (describe the ph)tj 7.0444 0 td 0 tc (y)tj 0.50907 0 td 0.009 tc (sical inter)tj 4.39464 0 td (actions betw)tj 5.70058 0 td [(een the basic elements)37(, such as)]tj -17.64869 -1.20001 td 0 tc 0 tw [(attr)19(action and r)18(epulsion; r)19(ather: )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 91 302.9616 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.038 tw [(in medie)19(v)18(al science the fundament)19(al concept w)19(as that of cert)19(ain sympathies)36(,)]tj 0 -1.23529 td 0.007 tc 0.132 tw [(antipathies)37(, and strivings inher)18(ent in matter itself. ev)19(erything has its right)]tj t* -0.022 tc 0 tw (place)tj 2.09634 0 td -0.0217 tc (,)tj 0.52031 0 td -0.022 tc 0.008 tw (its home)tj 3.53868 0 td -0.0216 tc (,)tj 0.52034 0 td -0.022 tc (the r)tj 1.89979 0.00001 td [(egion that suits it, and, if not f)19(or)18(cibly r)19(estr)18(ained, mo)19(v)18(es thith-)]tj -8.57546 -1.2353 td -0.019 tc 0.005 tw [(er b)19(y a sort of homing instinct . . . .thus)36(, while e)19(v)19(ery f)18(alling body f)19(or us illustr)18(ates)]tj 0 -1.23529 td 0 tc -0.003 tw [(the \322la)19(w\323 of gr)18(a)19(vit)19(ation, f)19(or them it illustr)18(ated the \322kindly enclyning\323 of terr)19(es-)]tj t* 0 tw (trial bodies t)tj 5.36962 0.00001 td -0.0001 tc (o)tj 0.81478 0 td 0 tc (their \322kindly stede\323 the earth. (p. 92))tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 227.9616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (i)tj 0.57363 0 td 0 tc (imagine the natur)tj 7.68335 0 td -0.0001 tc (e)tj 0.77759 0 td 0 tc (of such sympathies and antipathies as thr)tj 17.98058 0 td [(eadlik)19(e con-)]tj -27.01514 -1.20001 td -0.009 tw [(nections betw)19(een beings and w)18(or)19(ds)37(, f)18(orming an intricate w)19(eb of influence)56(.)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.013 tc -0.001 tw [(vibr)19(ations shiv)18(er along the thr)19(eads as w)19(or)18(ds ar)19(e spok)19(en and then r)18(adiate out)]tj t* -0.023 tc 0 tw (fr)tj 0.62009 0 td 0.009 tw [(om the ne)19(xus t)18(o all the other immediately connected beings and w)19(or)19(ds)36(. this)]tj -0.62009 -1.2 td -0.003 tc -0.011 tw [(met)19(aphor is particularly e)18(v)19(ocativ)19(e)-1( )1(b)-1(ecaus)1(e)-1( it e)19(xists within language while it)]tj t* 0 tc -0.014 tw (also e)tj 2.44706 0 td [(x)1(p)1(r)20(esses the natur)18(e of language itself, much lik)19(e the met)19(aphor of lan-)]tj -2.44706 -1.2 td 0 tw [(guage f)19(ound in merleau-p)56(onty\325)36(s writing \(gill, 199)56(1\):)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 91 134.9616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.008 tc -0.006 tw [(l)19(anguage is thus or)19(ganic in tw)18(o senses of the term. it consists of a v)19(ast netw)19(ork)]tj 0 -1.23529 td -0.009 tc -0.005 tw [(of tenuous y)19(et effectiv)19(e r)18(elationships and connections \(\322tissues\323 and \322thr)19(eads\323\),)]tj t* 0 tc -0.004 tw [(and it continually under)19(goes change and de)18(v)19(elopment within the ongoing f)19(ab-)]tj t* 0 tw [(ric of human life)56(. (p. 17))]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 80.9616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.011 tc -0.009 tw [(i)-6(t is this w)19(a)18(y of speaking that is import)19(ant in f)18(acilit)19(ating an e)19(xperience of the)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.02 tc 0.001 tw [(w)19(orld as interr)19(elated, inter)18(subjectiv)19(e)56(, and ultimately meaningful on a per)19(son)-1(a)-5(l)]tj et 0 0 0 0 k 72 17.4601 324 23.0399 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 228.8101 33.8348 tm 0 0 0 1 k (it\325s not just what you say, but how you say it)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 396 17.496 24.7 23.0401 re f bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 401.1572 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (249)tj et q endstream endobj 13 0 obj << /length 6699 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 36 63 324 532.8 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 587.9617 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.069 tw [(le)19(v)19(el. and, as opposed t)18(o the dubious met)19(aphor)19(s alr)18(eady e)19(xplor)19(ed in this)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.006 tc -0.008 tw [(paper)111(, ther)18(e ar)19(e man)19(y other met)18(aphor)19(s alr)19(eady pr)18(e)19(v)19(alent in the english lan)-1(-)]tj 0 -1.20001 td 0 tc 0.014 tw [(guage that can f)19(oster biocentric ethical consider)18(ations)37(. this is also wher)19(e i)]tj t* -0.007 tc -0.007 tw [(see the potential r)19(ole f)19(or phenomenology t)18(o pla)19(y in the \(r)19(e\)imagining of lan-)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0 tc 0.048 tw [(guage and e)19(xperience \(e)18(xploding dualisms)37(, f)19(ostering inter)18(s)1(ubjectiv)18(e e)19(xpe-)]tj t* 0 tw [(rience)56(, \(r)18(e\)conte)19(xtualizing ethics\).)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 11 0 0 11 106.3503 494.3616 tm 0 0 0 1 k (metaphors that foster biocentric ethics)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 471.5616 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.015 tc 0.123 tw [(similar met)19(aphor)18(s of f)19(abric and w)19(ebs ar)18(e thr)19(eaded thr)19(oughout tw)18(o of)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.019 tc 0.005 tw [(merleau-p)56(onty\325)36(s w)19(orks in particular: )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 10 0 0 10 188.0615 459.5616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.018 tc 0.005 tw [(the phenomenology of p)37(er)18(ception)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 325.8102 459.5616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.019 tc (and )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 10 0 0 10 344.1744 459.5616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.018 tc (the)tj -30.71744 -1.2 td -0.026 tc 0.013 tw (visible and the invisible)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 132.1053 447.5616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.027 tc 0.013 tw [(\(gill, 199)56(1\). jerry gill notes merleau-p)56(onty\325)36(s use of these)]tj -9.51053 -1.2 td -0.004 tc -0.01 tw [(met)19(aphor)18(s t)19(o pr)19(o)18(vide a philosoph)19(y of phenomenology b)19(y which t)19(o alle)18(viate)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw [(the at)19(omistic separ)18(ation of people fr)19(om the r)19(est of the w)18(orld:)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 55 402.5616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.003 tc -0.005 tw [(t)-3(he notion of thr)19(eads thr)18(ough which w)19(e inter)19(activ)18(ely kno)19(w and alter the w)19(orld)]tj 0 -1.23529 td -0.028 tc 0.011 tw [(st)19(ands in st)18(ark contr)19(ast both t)19(o tr)18(aditional philosophical models accor)19(ding t)19(o which)]tj t* 0.005 tc 0.134 tw [(kno)19(wledge is passiv)18(ely y)19(et unerringly r)19(eceiv)18(ed, and t)19(o modern philosoph)19(y)111(,)]tj t* -0.007 tc -0.01 tw [(w)-3(h)-3(i)-3(c)-3(h)-3( )-3(begins b)18(y completely separ)19(ating the kno)19(w)18(er fr)19(om the w)19(orld and ends up)]tj t* -0.014 tc -0.002 tw [(desper)19(ately seeking some w)18(a)20(y)1( )1(t)19(o)1( )1(o)20(v)19(er)18(c)1(o)1(m)1(e)1( )1(s)1(k)20(epticism. these \322thr)19(eads\323 connect)]tj t* -0.003 tc 0.002 tw [(us with the w)19(orld, ther)18(eb)19(y pr)19(o)18(viding r)19(eliable if incomplete kno)19(wledge)55(, while at)]tj t* -0.026 tc 0.009 tw (the same time dist)tj 7.58331 0 td [(ancing us fr)19(om the w)18(orld, ther)19(eb)19(y negating arr)18(ogance and com-)]tj -7.58331 -1.2353 td -0.003 tc 0 tw [(placenc)19(y)111(. (p. 4))]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 306.5616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.013 tc -0.001 tw [(thr)19(ough this met)18(aphor)111(, merleau-p)56(onty both asserts a human attribute t)18(o per-)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.025 tc 0.011 tw [(sonally per)19(ceiv)18(e)57(, and so come t)18(o kno)19(w)111(, the w)19(orld b)19(y inter)18(acting with and with-)]tj t* -0.019 tc 0.005 tw [(in it, and pr)19(omotes a philosoph)18(y of humility in doing so. gill \(199)56(1\) adds that:)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 55 261.5616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (the)tj 2.01262 0 td 0 tc 0.123 tw [(adjectiv)19(e \322intentional\323 with which merleau-p)56(onty qualifies his notion of)]tj -2.01262 -1.23529 td -0.018 tc 0.004 tw [(thr)19(eads serv)18(es once again t)19(o emphasiz)19(e the inter)19(activ)18(e char)19(acter of our e)19(xistence)]tj t* -0.025 tc 0.011 tw [(and cognition. it is b)19(y seeking t)18(o carry out our intentions in the w)19(orld that w)18(e con-)]tj t* 0.001 tc 0.138 tw [(stitute our)19(selv)18(es as w)19(ell as our kno)19(wledge of the w)18(orld. w)93(e ar)19(e tied t)18(o the)]tj t* 0 tc -0.004 tw [(w)19(orld in such a w)19(a)18(y as not t)19(o be able t)19(o disent)19(angle our)18(selv)19(es fr)19(om it, but also)]tj t* -0.01 tw [(in such a w)19(a)18(y as not t)19(o be able t)19(o fully contr)18(ol or tr)19(ack it. mor)19(eo)18(v)19(er)111(, philosoph-)]tj t* -0.004 tc [(ical r)19(eflection cannot tr)18(anscend this thr)19(eadlik)19(e connection in or)19(der t)18(o kno)19(w the)]tj t* -0.002 tc -0.012 tw [(w)19(orld \322)56(as it is in itself.\323 only b)19(y slack)18(ening the thr)19(eads)37(, that is)37(, b)18(y r)19(eflecting on)]tj t* 0 tc 0.013 tw [(them and the w)19(orld while and as w)18(e function in the w)19(orld b)19(y means of them,)]tj t* 0 tw (can w)tj 2.55468 0 td -0.0001 tc (e)tj 0.77784 0 td 0 tc [(gain an under)19(st)18(anding of the w)19(orld and our o)19(wn place in it. (p. 4))]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 144.5616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.01 tc -0.004 tw (as i r)tj 2.19262 0.00001 td [(ead the abo)19(v)18(e passages)37(, i imagine the \322intentional thr)19(eads\323 connecting)]tj -2.19262 -1.20001 td -0.0001 tc (me)tj 1.72529 0 td 0 tc 0.059 tw [(t)19(o e)18(v)19(erything other than me)56(, and manifest m)19(y t)18(ot)19(al immer)19(sion in the)]tj -1.72529 -1.2 td 0.011 tc 0.128 tw [(undulating w)19(ea)18(v)19(e of life)56(. in f)18(act, this w)19(eb/f)19(abric met)18(aphor enables m)19(y)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw (under)tj 2.5178 0 td (st)tj 0.7219 0 td (anding of met)tj 6.05517 0.00001 td (aphor itself; giv)tj 6.64746 0.00001 td [(es it flesh, ener)19(gy)110(, and dimension.)]tj -14.1424 -1.2 td 0.003 tc 0.036 tw [(met)19(aphor can be defined as: one thing is another)110(. this seems t)19(o be a)]tj -1.8 -1.2 td -0.022 tc 0.011 tw [(dimension of the y)19(ogic under)18(st)19(anding that \322)93(all is one\323 \(my)18(ss)37(, 1996\), f)19(or it sug)-1(-)]tj t* -0.004 tc -0.007 tw (gests that at)tj 5.1381 0 td (omism is an illusion, and seeks t)tj 13.8979 0.00001 td -0.0041 tc (o)tj 0.79962 0 td -0.004 tc 0 tw (unco)tj 2.07586 0.00001 td -0.007 tw [(v)19(er the integr)18(al tensions)]tj et 0 0 0 0 k 36.333 17.496 323.667 23.0401 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 37.3333 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (traci warkentin)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 14.112 17.496 21.732 23.0401 re f bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 15.112 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (250)tj et q endstream endobj 14 0 obj << /length 6350 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 72 63 324 532.8 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 587.7031 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.014 tc [(a)-3(n)-3(d)-3( )-3(c)-3(o)-3(n)-3(n)3(e)3(c)3(t)5(i)5(o)5(n)5(s)-259(betw)18(een all things)37(,)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 7 0 0 7 223.021 590.0131 tm 0 0 0 1 k (4)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 229.4558 587.7031 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.014 tc [(just lik)19(e the \322w)18(eb of influence\323 imagery)]tj -15.64558 -1.20001 td -0.0043 tc (i)tj 0.55569 0 td -0.004 tc -0.01 tw [(discussed in r)19(elation t)18(o medie)19(v)19(al language and conceptual under)19(st)18(andings)]tj -0.55569 -1.20001 td -0.0208 tc (of)tj 1.07431 0 td -0.021 tc 0.007 tw [(the w)19(orld. things include w)18(or)19(ds)37(. w)92(or)19(ds ar)18(e things in the w)19(orld, the)19(y do not)]tj -1.07431 -1.2 td -0.017 tc 0.003 tw [(only r)19(epr)18(esent things)37(. and just as all things ar)19(e r)18(e)1(ple)-1(te with ener)19(gy)111(, so t)18(oo ar)19(e)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw [(w)19(or)19(ds)36(. thoughts ar)19(e unspok)18(en w)19(or)19(ds and ar)18(e also ener)19(gy)111(. )]tj 1.8 -1.2 td -0.01 tc -0.004 tw [(car)19(eless thoughts and car)18(eless w)19(or)18(ds can ha)19(v)18(e)-1( )-1(i)-1(l)-1(l)-1( )-1(e)-1(f)-1(f)-1(e)-1(c)-1(t)-1(s)36(, just as positiv)19(e)]tj -1.8 -1.2 td -0.025 tc 0.011 tw [(thoughts and lo)19(ving w)18(or)19(ds can ha)19(v)18(e affirmativ)19(e po)19(w)18(er)111(. seen in this light, e)19(v)18(ery)]tj 0 -1.20001 td -0.012 tc -0.002 tw [(thought, w)19(or)18(d, and action has an ethical dimension. if one engages in an act)]tj t* -0.017 tc 0.003 tw [(with the conscious and felt intentions of humility)111(, gr)18(atitude)56(, and r)19(espect, both)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.003 tc -0.011 tw [(the interior spirit and e)19(xterior ener)18(gies of the univ)19(er)19(se in which that per)19(s)1(o)1(n)]tj t* 0 tc -0.012 tw [(is immer)19(sed will be influenced in a w)18(a)19(y v)19(ery differ)18(ent than if the act is car-)]tj t* 0 tw [(ried out with either malicious intent or t)19(ot)18(al indiffer)19(ence)56(. )]tj 1.8 -1.2 td 0.008 tc 0.131 tw [(as it is thr)19(ough language that i engage and communicate with the)]tj -1.8 -1.2 td -0.019 tc 0.005 tw [(w)19(orld, the kind of language that i use both r)19(eflects and influences ho)19(w i e)18(xpe-)]tj t* -0.021 tc 0.007 tw [(rience the w)19(orld. by \322language\323 her)19(e)55(, i mean t)19(o include \322body language\323 \(ges-)]tj t* 0.022 tc 0.164 tw [(tur)19(e and bearing\), as w)18(ell as v)19(erbal \(spok)19(en and t)18(onal\) and written.)]tj t* 0.01 tc 0.129 tw [(furthermor)19(e)56(, a)18(w)20(ar)18(eness of language is vit)19(ally import)19(ant when used b)18(y)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw [(someone in a leader)19(ship r)18(ole)56(, such as an educat)19(or)110(. )]tj 1.8 -1.2 td 0.094 tw [(ev)19(en as a teaching assist)18(ant, i am conscious of the met)19(aphor)19(s that i)]tj -1.8 -1.2 td 0.065 tw [(emplo)19(y and striv)18(e t)19(o a)19(v)19(oid sending mix)18(ed messages and r)19(einf)19(or)18(cing con-)]tj t* -0.005 tc -0.009 tw [(ceptualiz)19(ations of the w)18(orld that do not corr)19(espond with m)19(y o)18(wn biocentric)]tj t* -0.002 tc -0.012 tw [(ethics)37(. equally import)18(ant, i striv)19(e t)19(o enhance m)18(y use of language t)19(o include)]tj t* -0.018 tc 0.004 tw [(inter)19(subjectiv)18(e met)19(aphor)19(s)37(, lik)18(e those of f)19(abric and w)19(ebs)36(, as highlighted b)19(y gill)]tj t* -0.028 tc 0 tw (\(199)tj 1.79731 0 td 0.014 tw (1\). as opposed t)tj 6.58168 0 td -0.0277 tc (o)tj 0.7733 0 td -0.028 tc (the vie)tj 2.70906 0 td -0.0277 tc (w)tj 0.99529 0 td -0.028 tc [(of an isolated subjectiv)19(e mind looking out upon)]tj -12.85665 -1.20001 td 0.0094 tc (a)tj 0.92628 0 td 0.009 tc 0.129 tw [(det)19(ached, objectified, and mechanical w)19(orld, i see alternativ)18(e under-)]tj -0.92628 -1.2 td -0.017 tc 0.003 tw [(st)19(andings of the w)18(orld in the language of these met)19(aphor)18(s)37(. i see this as a w)19(a)18(y)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw (of speaking that embodies what is spok)tj 17.09277 0 td (en, giving flesh t)tj 7.1106 0 td -0.0001 tc (o)tj 0.81472 0 td 0 tc [(philosoph)19(y)111(.)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 11 0 0 11 147.3884 242.1031 tm 0 0 0 1 k (metaphor as imaginative embodiment)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 219.3031 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0163 tc (i)tj 0.54374 0 td -0.016 tc 0.002 tw [(giv)19(e flesh t)18(o philosoph)19(y b)19(y embodying met)18(aphor)111(. t)88(o illustr)19(ate)55(, i turn t)19(o y)19(oga)]tj -0.54374 -1.2 td -0.007 tc -0.007 tw [(f)18(or an e)19(x)19(ample)56(. each y)18(oga pose has a name)56(. man)19(y ar)18(e named after animals)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw [(and ph)19(y)19(sical other-than-human entities)36(. f)56(or e)19(x)19(ample)56(, ther)18(e is the cat pose)56(,)]tj t* -0.01 tc -0.004 tw [(the cobr)19(a pose)55(, the mount)19(ain pose)56(, and the tr)18(ee pose)56(.)1( )1(a)1(r)20(e these names used)]tj t* -0.003 tc -0.011 tw [(simply as imit)19(ativ)18(e)-1( )-1(l)-1(a)-1(b)-1(e)-1(l)-1(s)36(, or ar)19(e the)18(y meant as deeper met)19(aphor)19(s? the pri)-1(-)]tj t* 0 tc -0.012 tw (mary differ)tj 4.83907 0 td (ence being that the met)tj 10.23056 0 td (aphor inv)tj 4.09835 0.00001 td 0 tw (ok)tj 1.03687 0 td -0.012 tw (es a sense of the being/enti-)tj -20.20485 -1.20002 td -0.02 tc 0.006 tw [(ty named and suggests connections and meaning w)19(ell be)18(y)19(ond superficial r)19(ep-)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0.004 tc 0.135 tw [(r)19(esent)19(ation. in the tr)19(ee pose)56(, i striv)18(e t)19(o become a tr)19(ee: i imagine r)19(o)1(o)1(t)1(s)]tj t* 0 tc 0.032 tw [(gr)19(o)19(wing do)18(wn out of the soles of m)19(y feet, t)19(apping int)18(o the ener)19(gies of the)]tj t* -0.014 tc 0 tw [(earth and pr)19(o)18(viding st)19(ability \(ment)18(al and ph)19(y)19(sical\) and gr)18(ounding. i feel each)]tj t* 0 tc -0.006 tw [(cell within m)19(y body br)18(eathing and m)19(y up-str)19(et)18(ched arms r)19(each f)19(or the sky)111(,)]tj t* 0 tw [(f)19(or the light of the sun t)19(o enter me and r)18(e)19(v)19(erber)19(ate within.)]tj et 0 0 0 0 k 72 17.4601 324 23.0399 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 228.8101 33.8348 tm 0 0 0 1 k (it\325s not just what you say, but how you say it)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 396 17.496 24.7 23.0401 re f bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 401.1572 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (251)tj et q endstream endobj 15 0 obj << /length 8516 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 36 63 324 532.8 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 55 582.8 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.005 tw [(what is crucial t)19(o r)18(ealiz)19(e her)19(e)56(, is that thr)18(ough the imaginativ)19(e embodi-)]tj -1.8 -1.2 td -0.005 tc -0.009 tw [(ment of other beings i am not solely pondering them, but aspects of m)18(y)19(self)]tj 0 -1.19999 td -0.002 tc -0.012 tw [(thr)19(ough them. in other w)18(o)1(r)20(d)1(s)38(, i am able t)18(o empathiz)19(e with a tr)19(ee)56(,)1( )1(t)19(o under-)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0 tc 0.022 tw [(st)19(and and r)18(elate t)19(o it, because i am fir)19(st )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 10 0 0 10 213.0018 546.8 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.02 tw [(sear)19(ching m)18(y)19(self)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 285.3995 546.8 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.022 tw [(f)19(or the qualities i)]tj -24.83995 -1.2 td -0.011 tw [(sense and \322r)19(ecogniz)18(e\323 in it. as i striv)19(e t)19(o become a tr)18(ee)56(, i do not tr)19(anscend)]tj t* -0.013 tc -0.001 tw [(m)18(y o)19(wn embodiment and belie)19(v)18(e m)19(y)18(self t)19(o be thinking and feeling )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 10 0 0 10 322.1614 522.8 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.012 tc -0.001 tw [(as a tr)19(ee)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 356.2215 522.8 tm 0 0 0 1 k (.)tj -31.92215 -1.2 td -0.0001 tc (i)tj 0.56645 0 td (do)tj 1.36332 0 td 0 tc -0.007 tw [(not pr)19(esume t)18(o kno)19(w ho)19(w a tr)18(ee thinks or feels)37(, ther)19(e ar)18(e m)19(y)19(steries of)]tj -1.92976 -1.20001 td -0.012 tw [(other)19(s that i ma)18(y ne)19(v)19(er be able t)19(o kno)18(w; y)19(et i can still appr)18(eciate their sub-)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0 tw [(jectivity and comple)19(xity)110(. )]tj 1.8 -1.2 td 0.099 tw (when pondering this other)tj 11.85135 0 td -0.0001 tc (,)tj 0.6546 0 td (i)tj 0.6726 0 td 0 tc [(must be w)19(ary)110(, as l)19(eesa f)56(a)19(w)19(cett (2000))]tj -14.97855 -1.2 td 0.039 tw [(w)19(arns)37(, not t)18(o pr)19(oject what i think a tr)19(ee should be ont)18(o a tr)19(ee)56(, and imagi-)]tj t* -0.007 tc -0.007 tw [(nativ)19(ely \322r)18(educe the unkno)19(wn subjectivity of an \322other\323 being t)19(o the limited)]tj t* 0 tc 0.091 tw [(r)19(ange of [m)19(y] o)18(wn e)19(xperiences\323 (p. 140). as an envir)19(onment)18(al educat)19(or)111(,)]tj (f)' 0.48272 0 td 0.002 tc 0.137 tw [(a)19(w)19(cett implor)19(es her 世界杯2022赛程表淘汰赛 t)19(o look upon other beings with a \322lo)18(ving)]tj -0.48272 -1.2 td 0 tc 0 tw [(e)19(y)19(e\323 (p. 139). as defined b)18(y marilyn fry)19(e: )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 55 393.8 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.022 tc 0.008 tw [(the lo)19(ving e)18(y)20(e does not mak)18(e the object of per)19(ception int)19(o something edible)55(, does)]tj 0 -1.23529 td -0.027 tc 0.013 tw (not try t)tj 3.26708 0.00001 td -0.0267 tc (o)tj 0.77423 0 td -0.027 tc [(assimilate it, does not r)19(educe it t)18(o the siz)19(e of the seer\325)37(s desir)18(e)56(, fear)110(, imag-)]tj -4.04132 -1.2353 td -0.022 tc 0.008 tw (ination, and hence does not ha)tj 12.77373 0.00001 td 0 tc (v)tj 0.45939 0 td -0.0219 tc (e)tj 0.74207 0 td (t)tj 0.2744 0 td -0.022 tc (o)tj 0.77898 0 td 0 tw (simplify)tj 3.17758 0 td (.)tj 0.52 0 td 0.008 tw [(it kno)19(w)18(s the comple)19(xity of the other)]tj -18.72616 -1.23531 td -0.018 tc 0.004 tw (as something which will f)tj 10.55234 0.00001 td 0 tw (or)tj 0.85248 0.00001 td 0 tc (e)tj 0.46347 0 td (v)tj 0.46348 0 td -0.018 tc 0.004 tw (er pr)tj 1.96987 0 td (esent ne)tj 3.50972 0 td -0.0179 tc (w)tj 1.00511 0 td -0.018 tc (things t)tj 3.06526 0 td -0.0179 tc (o)tj 0.78311 0 td -0.018 tc (be kno)tj 2.84202 0 td [(wn. \(f)56(a)18(w)19(cett, 2000,)]tj -25.50686 -1.23532 td 0 tc 0 tw (p. 139\))tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 329.3 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.024 tc 0.01 tw [(it is in this spirit that i echo f)56(a)18(w)18(cett and fry)19(e in calling f)19(or a \322lo)18(ving inner e)19(y)19<65d3>]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.016 tc 0.002 tw (within a pr)tj 4.51695 0 td (actice of met)tj 5.39424 0 td (aphorical imaginativ)tj 8.48689 0 td -0.0155 tc (e)tj 0.74847 0 td -0.016 tc (embodiment. a gener)tj 9.17212 0 td (osity that)tj -28.31867 -1.20001 td 0 tc (r)tj 0.34608 0 td -0.005 tc -0.009 tw (espects the m)tj 5.89919 0 td 0 tc (y)tj 0.49501 0 td -0.005 tc [(steries of \322otherness)37(,\323 y)18(et allo)19(w)19(s f)18(or feelings of interr)19(elation)]tj -6.74028 -1.20001 td -0.016 tc 0.002 tw [(and inter)19(subjectivity)110(. as in the pr)19(ocess of being a tr)19(ee i am learning about )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 10 0 0 10 346.5653 293.3 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.034 tc (my)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 281.3 tm 0 0 0 1 k (\322tr)tj 1.10986 0 td (ee-lik)tj 2.27759 0 td 0.074 tw (e\323 qualities)tj 4.85115 0 td -0.0001 tc (,)tj 0.63001 0 td 0 tc (asking m)tj 3.99952 0 td (y)tj 0.5 0 td (self \322ho)tj 3.35164 0 td -0.0002 tc (w)tj 1.11098 0 td 0 tc 0 tw (am )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 10 0 0 10 232.7172 281.3 tm 0 0 0 1 k (i)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 239.1974 281.3 tm 0 0 0 1 k (lik)tj 0.99976 0 td -0.0001 tc (e)tj 0.85208 0 td (a)tj 0.85208 0 td 0 tc (tr)tj 0.6661 0 td 0.074 tw (ee?\323 and pondering)tj -23.58976 -1.20001 td (m)tj 0.87012 0 td (y)tj 0.5 0 td 0 tw [(self thr)19(ough an appr)18(eciation of m)19(y interr)19(elationship with other)18(s)38(. )]tj 0.42988 -1.20001 td -0.003 tc -0.011 tw [(sw)18(ami siv)19(ananda r)19(adha (1995) discusses a v)18(ery similar pr)19(actice in her)]tj -1.8 -1.2 td 0 tc 0 tw (book )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 10 0 0 10 61.2958 245.3 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.003 tw (hatha y)tj 3.2421 0 td (oga: the hidden l)tj 7.46823 0 td (anguage: symbols)tj 7.42301 0 td -0.0002 tc (,)tj 0.52065 0 td 0 tc 0 tw (secr)tj 1.75856 0 td 0.003 tw (ets and met)tj 4.79889 0 td 0 tw (aphor)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 337.6631 245.3 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (.)tj 0.559 0 td 0 tc (she)tj -30.62531 -1.2 td 0.001 tc 0.138 tw (describes y)tj 4.98236 0 td [(oga as a journe)19(y or pr)18(ocess of (self)disco)19(v)19(ery)111(.)-1( the hist)19(ory of)]tj -4.98236 -1.2 td 0.011 tc 0.127 tw [(y)19(oga is rich and v)18(aried, and it is tr)19(aditionally a pr)19(actice of spirituality)110(.)]tj t* -0.005 tc 0 tw (ho)tj 1.21312 0 td 0 tc (w)tj 0.73559 0 td (e)tj 0.4768 0 td (v)tj 0.4768 0 td -0.005 tc (er)tj 0.75022 0 td -0.0047 tc (,)tj 0.53717 0 td -0.005 tc -0.009 tw [(y)19(oga has come t)18(o)-1( )-1(m)-1(e)-1(a)-1(n)-1( )-1(m)-1(a)-1(n)18(y things t)19(o man)18(y people in the w)93(est,)]tj -4.1897 -1.20001 td -0.013 tc -0.001 tw (and r)tj 2.45439 0 td [(adha is mildly critical of the adoption of y)19(oga as a pur)18(ely ph)19(y)19(sical e)18(x)19(er-)]tj -2.45439 -1.2 td -0.004 tc -0.01 tw [(cise)56(. she str)18(esses that the postur)19(es)37(, or )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 10 0 0 10 200.947 185.3 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.003 tc (asanas)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 229.6009 185.3 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0036 tc (,)tj 0.53828 0 td -0.004 tc -0.01 tw [(pr)19(acticed in hatha y)18(oga each)]tj -19.79837 -1.2 td 0.014 tc 0.125 tw [(embody a particular biocentric philosoph)19(y and thr)18(ough their symbolic)]tj t* 0 tc 0.009 tw [(meaning \322the)19(y ar)18(e meant t)19(o r)19(emind one that the w)18(orld is a place in which)]tj t* 0 tw [(man)19(y living cr)18(eatur)19(es ha)19(v)19(e their e)18(xistence)56(. all life is sacr)19(ed\323 (p. 6).)]tj 1.8 -1.2 td -0.008 tc -0.006 tw [(thr)19(ough the pr)18(actice of y)19(oga, one e)19(xperiences the intimate connections)]tj -1.8 -1.2 td 0.005 tc -0.007 tw [(betw)19(een body)110(, mind and spirit, which, as w)19(e sa)19(w abo)19(v)18(e with met)19(aphor in)]tj t* 0.008 tw [(speech, r)19(einf)18(or)19(ces the y)19(ogic philosoph)18(y of the fir)19(st chakr)19(a that \322)93(all is one)]tj -0.0126 tc (.)' 0.5349 0 td (.)tj 0.5349 0 td (.)tj 0.5349 0 td -0.018 tc 0.004 tw [(t)-5(h)5(at w)19(e ar)19(e connected t)18(o all life and that e)19(v)19(ery choice w)18(e mak)19(e and e)19(v)18(ery)]tj -1.6047 -1.2 td -0.005 tc -0.009 tw [(belief w)19(e hold e)18(x)19(erts influence upon the whole of life\323 \(my)19(ss)36(, 1996, p. 1)56(04\).)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw [(t)88(o f)19(acilit)18(ate the pr)19(ocess)37(, r)18(adha (1995) st)19(ates: )]tj et 0 0 0 0 k 36.333 17.496 323.667 23.0401 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 37.3333 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (traci warkentin)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 14.112 17.496 21.732 23.0401 re f bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 15.112 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (252)tj et q endstream endobj 16 0 obj << /length 8429 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 72 63 324 532.8 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 91 588.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.003 tc 0.137 tw [(it is possible t)19(o tell the body what t)18(o do b)19(y applying will po)18(w)20(er and str)18(ong)]tj 0 -1.23529 td -0.006 tc 0.025 tw [(imaginativ)19(e desir)18(e)56(. the po)19(w)18(er of concentr)19(ation and imagination applied t)19(o the)]tj t* -0.017 tc -0.003 tw [(asanas and what the)19(y imply puts the body int)18(o a kind of \322listening mode)56(.\323 \(p. 1)161(1\))]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 545.4874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.055 tw [(as the body becomes mor)19(e r)18(eceptiv)19(e t)19(o its o)18(wn messages)37(, the whole self)]tj 0 -1.20001 td 0.087 tw [(becomes mor)19(e r)18(eceptiv)19(e t)19(o its o)18(wn intuitiv)19(e per)19(ception and learning.)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 7 0 0 7 378.7581 535.7974 tm 0 0 0 1 k (5)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 386.3011 533.4874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (in)tj -31.33011 -1.2 td [(r)19(adha\325)37(s (1995) w)18(or)19(ds)36(, the pr)19(ocess ma)19(y go something lik)18(e this: )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 91 500.4874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.014 tc [(if w)19(e look at a tr)18(ee)56(, the tw)19(o things w)18(e see fir)19(st ar)19(e the lar)18(ge trunk and the cr)19(o)19(wn.)]tj 0 -1.23529 td -0.003 tc -0.011 tw [(what comes t)19(o mind?\321the alignment, the uprightness)37(, the str)18(ength. . . . ther)19(e)]tj t* -0.018 tc 0.004 tw [(is a balance betw)19(een the spr)18(ead of the br)19(anches and the cr)19(o)19(wn, and the r)19(oot sy)18(s-)]tj t* -0.003 tc -0.011 tw [(tem which e)19(xpands in width and in depth, r)18(eaching t)19(o assimilate nutrients)37(. )-1(.)5( )5(.)5( )5(.)]tj t* 0.006 tc 0.133 tw [(as y)19(ou do this postur)18(e)56(, questions such as these might arise in y)19(our mind:)]tj t* -0.006 tc -0.008 tw [(wher)19(e ha)18(v)19(e m)19(y r)18(oots spr)19(ead? wher)18(e do the)19(y get their nourishment? which ar)19(e)]tj t* -0.022 tc 0.008 tw [(mine and which belong t)19(o someone else? what competes with m)18(y r)19(oots f)19(or nour)-1(-)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw [(ishment? \(p. 1)56(05\))]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 404.4874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.025 tc 0.011 tw [(ther)19(e)1( )1(i)1(s)37(, i belie)19(v)19(e)56(, gr)19(eat potential f)19(or one t)18(o both learn about oneself and e)19(xpe-)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0.003 tc 0.135 tw [(rience inter)19(subjectivity thr)18(ough this pr)19(ocess)37(. embodying met)18(aphor)19(s can)]tj t* -0.002 tc -0.012 tw [(help one r)19(ealiz)18(e the )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 10 0 0 10 159.4606 380.4874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.002 tc -0.011 tw [(r)19(ecipr)19(ocity of per)18(ception)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 259.6019 380.4874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0024 tc (,)tj 0.53956 0 td -0.002 tc -0.012 tw [(an import)19(ant concept that can)]tj -19.19975 -1.2 td 0 tc 0.012 tw (be further under)tj 7.11616 -0.00001 td [(st)19(ood thr)18(ough merleau-p)56(onty\325)37(s \(gill, 199)55(1\) notion of \322mat-)]tj -7.11616 -1.19999 td -0.01 tc -0.004 tw (ter as flesh.\323 abr)tj 7.05376 0 td (am (1996) pr)tj 5.54268 0 td 0 tc (o)tj 0.50842 0 td -0.01 tc (vides an e)tj 4.24631 0 td 0 tc (x)tj 0.50841 0 td -0.01 tc (ample of this met)tj 7.43476 0 td (aphorical notion)tj -25.29434 -1.20002 td 0 tc (b)tj 0.53711 0 td -0.0001 tc (y)tj 0.78527 0 td 0 tc -0.012 tw (suggesting that when one r)tj 11.63757 0 td (eaches out t)tj 5.162 0 td -0.0001 tc (o)tj 0.80321 0 td (a)tj 0.76621 0 td 0 tc [(tr)19(ee)56(, car)18(esses the bumps and)]tj -19.69137 -1.20001 td -0.013 tc -0.001 tw [(f)1(i)1(s)1(s)1(u)1(r)20(es of its r)18(ough bark, the)19(y ar)18(e in turn being t)19(ouched b)19(y the tr)18(ee itself. he)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0 tc (e)tj 0.47973 0 td -0.002 tc -0.012 tw (xplains that the ability f)tj 10.11655 0 td (or a hand t)tj 4.66869 0 td -0.0017 tc (o)tj 0.79926 0 td (t)tj 0.29473 0 td -0.002 tc (ouch r)tj 2.70017 0 td (elies on the natur)tj 7.45376 0 td -0.0016 tc (e)tj 0.76244 0 td -0.002 tc (of the hand)tj -27.27534 -1.20002 td 0 tc 0 tw (itself as a t)tj 4.61084 0 td (ouchable object.)tj -2.81084 -1.2 td 0.018 tw [(as one imaginativ)19(ely embodies other beings)36(, it becomes easier t)19(o r)19(ec-)]tj -1.8 -1.2 td -0.026 tc 0 tw (ogniz)tj 2.18526 0 td -0.0258 tc (e)tj 0.73825 0 td -0.026 tc 0.012 tw (that the per)tj 4.73457 0 td 0 tw (ceiv)tj 1.60011 0 td 0.012 tw (er is also the per)tj 6.73194 0 td 0 tw (ceiv)tj 1.60011 0 td 0.012 tw [(ed, hence the inter)19(subjectiv)18(e natur)19(e)]tj -17.59024 -1.20001 td -0.007 tc -0.007 tw (of per)tj 2.49036 0 td [(ception. the sensuous imagery e)19(v)18(ok)19(ed b)18(y merleau-p)56(onty\325)37(s \(gill, 199)56(1\))]tj -2.49036 -1.2 td -0.026 tc 0 tw (met)tj 1.60833 0 td (aphor)tj 2.37188 0 td -0.0257 tc (s)tj 0.66431 0 td -0.026 tc 0.012 tw (of the \322flesh of the w)tj 8.5515 0 td (orld\323 and the \322f)tj 6.34752 0 td (abric of life\323 f)tj 5.5133 0 td 0 tw (acilit)tj 1.86412 0 td 0.012 tw (ates a mean)tj 5.00132 0 td 0 tc (-)tj -31.92228 -1.20002 td -0.023 tc 0.009 tw (ingful e)tj 3.00995 0 td (xperience of being a living body in the w)tj 16.79616 0 td (orld, enabling a deeper empa)tj 12.11626 0 td 0 tc (-)tj -31.92237 -1.20001 td -0.023 tc 0 tw (th)tj 0.80579 0 td -0.0233 tc (y)tj 0.75955 0 td -0.023 tc 0.009 tw [(t)19(o)19(w)19(ar)18(d other embodied beings)37(. the)19(y also enable and f)19(oster a kind of com-)]tj -1.56534 -1.2 td 0 tc 0 tw (municativ)tj 4.27637 0 td -0.0001 tc (e)tj 0.77784 0 td 0 tc (engagement with other-than-human beings)tj 18.68505 0 td (.)tj -21.93926 -1.20001 td -0.009 tc -0.008 tw (as the r)tj 3.24963 0 td (oots of a tr)tj 4.54033 0 td (ee spr)tj 2.55202 0 td -0.008 tc (ead out in a netw)tj 7.34195 0 td [(ork beneath the surf)19(ace of the)]tj -19.48393 -1.20001 td -0.011 tc -0.006 tw [(soil, t)19(ouching and being t)18(ouched b)19(y the r)19(oots of other tr)19(ees)36(, la)19(y)19(er)19(s of humus)37(,)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.018 tc 0.002 tw (sand, cla)tj 3.63334 0 td 0 tc (y)tj 0.38967 0 td -0.0184 tc (,)tj 0.52082 0 td -0.018 tc (and car)tj 3.09511 0 td (essed b)tj 3.09596 0 td -0.0185 tc (y)tj 0.7617 0 td -0.018 tc 0 tw (sine)tj 1.66653 0 td -0.019 tc 0.002 tw (wy w)tj 2.22385 0 td -0.018 tc (orms and burr)tj 5.9861 0 td [(o)19(wing ants)37(, so t)19(oo do spo)-1(-)]tj -21.37308 -1.20002 td 0 tc (k)tj 0.47766 0 td -0.022 tc 0.006 tw (en w)tj 2.0081 0 td -0.023 tc 0 tw (or)tj 0.84325 0 td -0.02 tc 0.006 tw [(d)3(s)-261(r)18(adiate out thr)19(ough the air)111(, influencing and being influenced b)18(y the)]tj -3.32901 -1.20001 td -0.003 tc -0.011 tw [(speak)19(er)110(, the listener(s) and the surr)19(ounding conte)19(xt within which the)19(y min)-1(-)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0 tc 0.049 tw [(gle)56(. both scenarios of engagement ent)19(ail ethical dimensions)36(. t)80(r)19(ees do not)]tj t* -0.008 tc 0 tw (st)tj 0.70711 0.00001 td -0.006 tw [(a)-1(n)-1(d)-1( )-1(a)-1(l)-1(o)-1(n)-1(e)55(, the)19(y participate in a f)18(or)19(est. w)93(or)18(ds ar)19(e not abstr)19(act sounds)36(, the)19(y)]tj -0.70711 -1.20001 td 0.011 tc 0.128 tw [(participate in our bodily engagement wit)-2(h)-2( )-2(a)-2(l)-2(l)-2( )-2(l)-2(i)-2(v)-2(i)-2(n)-2(g)-2( )-2(b)-2(e)-2(i)-2(n)-2(g)-2(s)35(.)-2( )-2(w)-2(h)-2(e)-2(n)-2( )-2(o)-2(n)-2(e)]tj t* -0.007 tc -0.004 tw [(enacts a y)19(oga postur)18(e and speaks aloud the name of the )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 10 0 0 10 314.4499 116.4874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.007 tc (asana)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 338.7131 116.4874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0071 tc (,)tj 0.53766 0 td -0.007 tc -0.004 tw [(one inv)19(ok)18(es)]tj -27.109 -1.2 td 0.02 tc 0.121 tw [(the thing itself, thr)19(ough the sound, the br)18(eath that pushes it out, the)]tj t* -0.015 tc 0.004 tw [(met)19(aphor it inspir)18(es as the muscles and bones and blood of one\325)37(s b)3(o)3(d)3(y)3( )3(w)21(o)3(r)3(k)]tj t* 0 tc -0.007 tw [(t)19(o achie)19(v)18(e and hold the postur)19(e)56(, and connects us thr)19(ough our embodiment)]tj t* -0.003 tc -0.011 tw [(of it. it is this kind of under)19(s)1(t)19(anding and e)19(xperience of inter)19(subjectivity and)]tj et 0 0 0 0 k 72 17.4601 324 23.0399 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 228.8101 33.8348 tm 0 0 0 1 k (it\325s not just what you say, but how you say it)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 396 17.496 24.7 23.0401 re f bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 401.1613 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (253)tj et q endstream endobj 17 0 obj << /length 5703 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 36 63 324 532.8 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 587.9617 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.001 tc -0.013 tw [(language)56(, that then enables the embodiment of a biocentric envir)19(onment)18(al)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.006 tc -0.008 tw [(ethics)37(, giv)18(es it flesh and per)19(sonal meaning, a viscer)19(al and lasting r)18(espect f)19(or)]tj 0 -1.20001 td 0 tc 0 tw [(all living beings as subjects entitled t)19(o mor)18(al consider)19(ation. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 11 0 0 11 184.2285 530.3616 tm 0 0 0 1 k (notes)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 7 0 0 7 37 509.8716 tm 0 0 0 1 k (1)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 51.4 507.5616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0025 tc (i)tj 0.55752 0 td -0.002 tc -0.012 tw [(use this term, adapted fr)19(om da)18(vid abr)19(am\325)37(s (1996) phr)18(ase \322mor)19(e-than-)]tj -0.55752 -1.20001 td 0.022 tc 0.197 tw [(human,\323 as it inspir)19(es a sense of equality)110(, humility and r)19(espect.)]tj t* 0 tc 0.121 tw [(thr)19(oughout this paper)110(, i emplo)19(y the term \322other\323 f)19(or beings that ar)18(e)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0.016 tw [(\322other-than-human,\323 as opposed t)19(o \322nonhuman,\323 which connotes neg-)]tj t* -0.013 tc -0.001 tw [(ativity b)19(y defining other beings b)18(y their lack of \322humanness)37(,\323 r)18(a)-1(t)-1(h)-1(e)-1(r)-1( )-1(t)-1(h)-1(a)-1(n)]tj t* 0 tc 0.002 tw [(b)19(y a neutr)19(al \322otherness\323 in their o)18(wn right. i tend not t)19(o simply use the)]tj t* -0.02 tc 0.006 tw [(term \322)56(animal\323 in opposition t)19(o \322human\323 as it ma)18(y misleadingly imply that)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw [(human beings ar)19(e not also animals)36(.)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 7 0 0 7 37 413.8716 tm 0 0 0 1 k (2)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 51.4 411.5616 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(see , 200)56(1.)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 7 0 0 7 37 401.8716 tm 0 0 0 1 k (3)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 51.4 399.5616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (i)tj 0.5814 0 td 0 tc (ha)tj 1.03708 0 td (v)tj 0.4812 0 td -0.0001 tc (e)tj 0.78545 0 td 0 tc 0.008 tw [(her)19(e used \322w)18(orldvie)19(w)111(,\323 in spite of and because of its accur)19(ac)18(y in)]tj -2.88512 -1.20001 td 0.001 tc 0.138 tw [(describing a distinctly modern concept of \322)56(cosmology\323 that is based)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.015 tc 0.001 tw [(upon a \322vision is kno)19(wledge\323 met)18(aphor)111(, which dominated enlightenment)]tj t* 0 tc 0.056 tw [(thought, and which also corr)19(esponds with the rise of written language)]tj t* -0.02 tc 0.006 tw [(dominating medie)19(v)19(al eur)19(opean society)110(,)1( )1(t)20(o the e)19(x)19(clusion of or)19(al cultur)18(e and)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw (non-visual w)tj 5.44287 0 td [(a)19(y)19(s of kno)18(wing \(see l)19(e)19(wis)36(, 1964; muchembled,1985\).)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 7 0 0 7 37 329.8716 tm 0 0 0 1 k (4)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 51.4 327.5616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.019 tc 0.005 tw [(the notion that \322)56(all is one\323 does not den)18(y individuality in per)19(ceptual e)19(xpe-)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0 tc -0.014 tw [(rience)56(. as each tr)18(ee is the f)19(or)19(est, and each leaf is the tr)18(ee)56(, i can still per-)]tj t* -0.017 tc 0 tw (ceiv)tj 1.63363 0 td -0.0174 tc (e)tj 0.7466 0 td -0.017 tc 0.003 tw [(them as parts of the whole)56(. what is crucial is that i do not f)19(ail t)18(o)1( )1(r)20(ec-)]tj -2.38023 -1.2 td -0.015 tc 0.001 tw [(ogniz)19(e the integr)18(al connections that mak)19(e up their wholeness)37(, despite the)]tj t* [(scale or bias of m)19(y per)18(ception. in m)19(y under)19(st)18(anding, \322)56(all is one\323 does not)]tj t* -0.019 tc 0.005 tw [(mean that \322)56(all ar)19(e the same\323 or that \322oneness\323 necessit)18(ates a lack of com-)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw [(ple)19(xity or tensions within.)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 7 0 0 7 37 245.8716 tm 0 0 0 1 k (5)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 51.4 243.5616 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.006 tw [(ther)19(e ar)18(e man)19(y implications her)19(e with r)18(egar)19(d t)19(o spirituality that i must)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0.042 tw [(set aside and allo)19(w t)18(o r)19(emain as a subtle under)19(curr)18(ent in this paper in)]tj t* 0 tw [(or)19(der t)18(o maint)19(ain m)19(y f)18(ocus on met)19(aphor)111(.)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 11 0 0 11 153.6025 185.9616 tm 0 0 0 1 k (acknowledgements)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 163.1616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0249 tc (i)tj 0.53514 0 td -0.025 tc 0.011 tw [(am gr)19(ateful t)18(o l)19(eesa f)56(a)18(w)19(cett f)19(or her man)19(y insightful comments on the count-)]tj -0.53514 -1.2 td -0.002 tc -0.013 tw [(less dr)19(a)-1(f)-1(t)-1(s)-1( )-1(i)-1( )-1(p)-1(r)17(e)-1(s)-1(e)-1(n)-1(t)-1(e)-1(d)-1( )-1(t)18(o her)111(. i w)18(ould also lik)19(e)-1( )-1(t)17(o)-1( )-1(t)-1(h)-1(a)-1(n)-1(k)-1( )-1(t)-1(h)-1(e)-1( )-1(r)18(e)18(v)-1(i)-1(e)18(w)18(e)-1(r)18(s of this)]tj t* 0 tc 0.009 tw [(paper f)19(or their edit)18(orial suggestions and f)19(or pointing out some of the dubi-)]tj t* -0.005 tc -0.009 tw [(ous met)19(aphor)18(s that i had un)19(wittingly used in m)19(y earlier v)19(er)18(sion. i r)19(ecogniz)19(e)]tj t* 0 tc -0.004 tw [(that an)19(y that r)18(emain ar)19(e due either t)19(o m)18(y o)19(wn o)19(v)18(er)19(sight or inability t)19(o find)]tj t* 0 tw [(an adequate alternativ)19(e e)18(xpr)19(ession.)]tj et 0 0 0 0 k 36.333 17.496 323.667 23.0401 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 37.3333 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (traci warkentin)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 14.112 17.496 21.732 23.0401 re f bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 15.112 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (254)tj et q endstream endobj 18 0 obj << /length 7280 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 72 63 324 532.8 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 11 0 0 11 185.5769 587.4685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (notes on contributor)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f11 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 564.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.021 tc 0.006 tw [(t)70(r)18(aci w)74(ark)19(entin)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 144.2678 564.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.021 tc 0.007 tw [(is curr)19(ently a phd candidate in the f)55(aculty of envir)19(onment)19(al)]tj -7.12678 -1.2 td 0 tc 0.054 tw [(studies at y)80(ork univ)18(er)19(sity)111(. her w)18(ork f)19(ocuses on human r)19(elationships with)]tj t* -0.017 tc 0.003 tw [(other beings and the integr)19(al thr)19(eads betw)18(een language)56(, per)19(ception and envi-)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw [(r)19(onment)19(al ethics)36(.)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 11 0 0 11 207.7622 495.0685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (references)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 73 472.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(abr)19(am, d. (1996). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 141.9525 472.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (the spell of the sensuous)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 229.9097 472.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (.)tj 0.55565 0 td 0 tc [(ne)19(w y)79(ork: r)19(andom house)56(, inc)18(.)]tj -19.01562 -1.41176 td -0.008 tw [(f)56(a)19(w)19(cett, l. (2000). ethical imagining: ecofeminist possibilities and envir)19(onment)18(al learn-)]tj 2.11765 -1.41176 td 0 tw (ing. )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 107.0516 448.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(canadian journal of envir)19(onment)18(al education)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 268.1407 448.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0003 tc (,)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 272.8639 448.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (5)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 277.2737 448.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (,)tj 0.55573 0 td 0 tc (134-149.)tj -24.58794 -1.41176 td -0.019 tc 0.005 tw [(gill, j. \(199)56(1\). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 122.1743 436.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.018 tc 0.005 tw [(merleau-p)37(onty and met)18(aphor)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 220.9061 436.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0192 tc (.)tj 0.52275 0 td -0.019 tc 0.005 tw [(ne)19(w jer)18(se)19(y: humanities pr)18(ess international, inc)19(.)]tj -17.92347 -1.41176 td -0.018 tc 0.004 tw [(l)18(ak)19(off, g. & johnson, m. (1980). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 188.8641 424.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.016 tc 0.003 tw [(met)19(aphor)18(s)1( )1(w)20(e liv)18(e b)19(y)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 260.1079 424.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0176 tc (.)tj 0.52442 0 td -0.018 tc 0.004 tw [(chicago: univ)19(er)18(sity of chicago pr)19(ess)37(.)]tj -22.53712 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0 tw [(l)19(e)19(wis)36(, c.s. (1964). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 143.1997 412.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(the discar)19(ded image)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 215.2422 412.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (.)tj 0.5558 0 td 0 tc [(cambridge: cambridge univ)19(er)18(sity pr)19(ess)37(.)]tj -17.29018 -1.41176 td [(midgle)19(y)111(, m. \(200)56(1\). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 145.2604 400.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (science and poetry)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 211.3346 400.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (.)tj 0.55565 0 td 0 tc [(ne)19(w y)79(ork: r)19(outledge)56(.)]tj -16.83031 -1.41176 td 0.047 tw [(mik)19(unas)36(, a. & pilott)19(a, j. (1998). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 192.8176 388.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.044 tw [(t)88(echnocr)19(acy v)18(s)37(. democr)19(acy: issues in the politics of com-)]tj -11.97854 -1.41176 td 0 tw (munication)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 130.8105 376.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (.)tj 0.55559 0 td 0 tc [(cr)19(esskill: hampt)18(on pr)19(ess)37(, inc)18(.)]tj -7.35682 -1.41176 td -0.017 tc 0.003 tw [(monsant)19(o. \(200)56(1\). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 139.599 364.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.016 tc 0.003 tw [(p)36(osilac 1 step bo)19(vine somat)19(otr)18(opin b)19(y monsant)19(o: gener)18(al inf)19(ormation)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 377.2812 364.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.017 tc [(.)-264(on-)]tj -33.68014 -1.41176 td 0 tc [(line at: fr)19(om http://www)110(.monsant)19(odairy)111(.com/about/gener)18(al_inf)19(o/ inde)19(x.html.)]tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td -0.035 tc 0.005 tw [(monsant)19(o. \(200)56(1\). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 136.7845 340.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.033 tc 0.004 tw [(p)37(osilac 1 step bo)18(vine somat)19(otr)19(opin b)19(y monsant)18(o: pr)19(oduction and management)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 392.6383 340.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (.)tj -35.48686 -1.41176 td -0.017 tc [(online at: http://www)111(.monsant)19(odairy)110(.com/ about/benefits/2_mp& man.html.)]tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td -0.016 tc 0.002 tw (muchembled, r. (1985). )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 161.055 316.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.015 tc 0.002 tw [(p)37(opular cultur)19(e and elite cultur)18(e in fr)19(ance)37(, 1400-1750)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 344.0082 316.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0163 tc (.)tj 0.52565 0 td -0.016 tc 0.002 tw [(\(l. cochr)19(ane)56(,)]tj -30.29132 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0 tw [(t)80(r)19(ans)37(.\). bat)18(on r)19(ouge: l)19(ouisiana st)18(ate univ)19(er)19(sity pr)18(ess)37(.)]tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td [(my)19(ss)36(, c. (1996). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 134.3946 292.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(anat)19(om)18(y of the spirit)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 209.1328 292.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (.)tj 0.55565 0 td 0 tc [(ne)19(w y)79(ork: thr)19(ee riv)19(er)18(s pr)19(ess)36(.)]tj -16.57128 -1.41176 td [(ne)19(wt)18(on, a. (1995). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 144.7748 280.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(narr)19(ativ)18(e ethics)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 200.3049 280.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (.)tj 0.55579 0 td 0 tc [(cambridge: harv)19(ar)18(d univ)19(er)19(sity pr)18(ess)37(.)]tj -15.53283 -1.41176 td -0.014 tc [(r)19(adha, s. (1995). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 136.4741 268.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.014 tc [(hatha y)19(oga, the hidden language: symbols)37(, secr)18(ets and met)19(aphor)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 357.681 268.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0145 tc (.)tj 0.52739 0 td -0.015 tc [(spok)19(a)-1(n)-1(e)-1(:)]tj -31.90163 -1.41176 td 0 tc [(timeless books)37(.)]tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td -0.008 tc -0.006 tw [(w)92(a)19(yne)55(, k. (1995). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 139.6887 244.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.007 tc -0.006 tw [(r)19(edefining mor)19(al education: life)36(, l)19(e guin and language)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 330.3896 244.2685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0076 tc (.)tj 0.53439 0 td -0.008 tc -0.006 tw [(bethesda: a)56(ustin)]tj -28.69787 -1.41176 td -0.0001 tc (&)tj 0.99976 0 td 0 tc 0 tw (winfield.)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 72 17.4601 324 23.0399 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 228.8101 33.8348 tm 0 0 0 1 k (it\325s not just what you say, but how you say it)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 396 17.496 24.7 23.0401 re f bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 401.1613 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (255)tj et q endstream endobj 19 0 obj << /nums[0<>] >> endobj 20 0 obj << /differences[32/space 40/parenleft/parenright 44/comma 48/zero/one/two/three/four/five/six/seven/eight/nine/colon 65/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j 76/l/m/n 80/p 82/r/s/t/u 87/w 89/y 97/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p 114/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y 213/quoteright] /baseencoding/macromanencoding /type/encoding >> endobj 21 0 obj << /subtype/type1c /length 6102 /length1 6102 >> stream jeoict+eurostileregular7 ? ? ea;*ut/p+v8ib:4z #)x"o&yqmsjgf.%ne1hw5dl6$ ck3(-'=2v>ag-tz6zdbv z f 8 r  p >$e{ftut{....}u.u.pz zi1=mfpv\/^^10^#ulhsnnr>[.y,2!ygvvgqd agg yix'ex]guug?-lkk{%w%feex1,ij@4a#-\˙͔Ѓ{{ai vu%wxkjj.??-5u.cvmqabnmmddȦbapwvddlnw6c">>|!mccm>w>mm}>>ؠvc|u>{5kgfkay amm|+]um0yys85ũ5w.p v;b__b@v7ron} st3 p sxugbwhwhxydkxjdxixhx΁ci27ziɜmivk~bu5'u ߳ڡ 'c$p i 6(^2h `@zkkdi'<"*u_uu_p;v *7$ oss3'(weyyer@uqx@ (oy)jkk{՛ї~qhuar2p_|wpsag.kam`^qwhgwj#/t |{,4{oot8vuhr q!fgah'>)pwp-fsn@}{xͦ")llhtnnr?z.!Ũ%gb$,(qww;1s}ppp/!xffmlf8|)j!6}ooa)xjgmmg>| _u.. .u.gpa:w8v8xxc9`c9w8x8wwa:'ph6ܞ::6dp*ll.l.l.l.5ul7g)* ny|oot9g r[[.>!z)aplgiiege plm<\;;v;. 6a2Ѧhupvu*"5"]/[  [!6(z)i\[ift"agfy(3Ԥs[u u : t0z)zrs͋i3d0^1t pu1 1 -p p  /🬈diou+-o"&& izaiwwib ?kk{+djo utd6jjtsiprbkkkd+dz#mۭԞ{llh$^mup"}t}iodonq#.}klf.eˍbb9.udlzh9few 3p/jii1vs&\ji["k7q cs m_  ڳ֠|mmr7 zu4u oh)6.#u u$ pui$b +heuuepgwdch'4 u p[/=yiyyh@r!eii{4%뭻ϣs[nj4é06oss".w.2Ɗyhh8uc`lk`)|,p[$0(&geuuepsmeei"@t.xlgkkfc{!$hmm| 8__u#4ǿ r>]-$8y hwwgbrckj{20ӣt^b7p6x6s9s:qrv7=$p]p0(##q:.mu$ong}!:iiz36Σ~srzar nsr!/2igssgoq^kjk@a !|hoo{u c*cqw-kdk g-u9_kk_{f9$aavp.p]''ww"qer&bp.p tc^on^}iskj{t:p{lkea-.loo b;os>i[ct}n}n)êt99%cy3˹ʹ n-:#⭪by©8>klkldofufui7d+϶8yhh? y8hkhk&qii{a 豺գr[u1 1 -9yvyqxy(2 2uhd)xee4>x#geef&x82)eex%w -\[t^_˫f?j iihn e@v2+e;3.9b$ɫ#moo#&.xfe;(uhagg`;z qf_o2w)dfed%y8lyys@wi=ft }qqfi++ihg)||.ii??he^ ]/ff/i2Ū-ˉ heewvmqmlql hpymmmfbì h9lmmk`b:qй@ss[czs*>*j5w;dlkc(|49%ccw4̹*8zku#r..lnmlxt^nm^m,$?ccmx)xklmam`|: 7"[[$tr^ʿɿ;|mmm+ũ43sm%ydimli<|nbawЭ08tok%!etgsg[tau/noo}Ӳ25}p :aaw^aìc!li hgd_nrlkrl j4 tspbpa-x.eiie"{@+,ccw%oxg-,udaoo`~d5ggyݰ)=yg[.--q? endstream endobj 22 0 obj << /fontfile3 21 0 r /xheight 0 /ascent 1775 /type/fontdescriptor /stemv 0 /capheight 1775 /fontname/jeoict+eurostileregular /stemh 0 /descent -512 /fontbbox[-185 -250 1123 867] /italicangle 0 /flags 32 >> endobj 23 0 obj << /subtype/type1 /basefont/jeoict+eurostileregular /widths[250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 277 277 0 0 198 0 0 0 613 614 613 613 613 613 613 613 614 614 195 0 0 0 0 0 0 608 617 597 653 498 489 619 667 204 502 0 485 858 696 0 590 0 623 560 515 655 0 999 0 563 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 510 511 485 510 502 265 510 514 188 186 430 188 826 516 506 510 0 398 474 326 507 402 670 404 389 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 198] /lastchar 213 /name/f0 /firstchar 32 /fontdescriptor 22 0 r /encoding 20 0 r /type/font >> endobj 24 0 obj << /differences[32/space 65/a 82/r 97/a/b/c 109/m 114/r/s/t/u 142/eacute] /baseencoding/macromanencoding /type/encoding >> endobj 25 0 obj << /subtype/type1c /length 1950 /length1 1950 >> stream fiyvlm+usherwood-bolditalic@^   /+h}copyright (c) 1990 adobe systems incorporated. all rights reserved.itc usherwood is a registered trademark of international typeface corporation.itc usherwood bold italicitc usherwood "ctusbd3vn  q038ӆrcqtyo ypa[k $fx$yxx\\\ $k{yy\hz[gvnoy $rk-yw+erle{)kǨk}tuacgftaf;<\@?tj[coz쬜dif:(bmoy"od:en4"a)bbl[pdgwcskrgxwȋ%av狱pj~yǘw xuggjk}Ǩ|ȅtxe?&e^:_y2hxcski|opǷov )yn~𑜒}hicenp>4}fccdtpfqsmu\mj $yb]_ɶty|sszu}eegt] $=!v3f?ܽӾy+oy,>nu𚚇oys4pxzj c=y\'(cπ!((ekbs=lgǒp t>a67o{sb\ayƜ ry*w h ztxzuysr}>yw{tx inv<q1u|ب𕯐wqmrob:rrwwzv}n'ljmigȻyrvpi^vv > p zxʘbzopdly} $Ƌtt~v}gnrsviwyqmp|z"gikpn8hab;9sc~f`rng_kssyk> endobj 27 0 obj << /subtype/type1 /basefont/fiyvlm+usherwood-bolditalic /widths[278 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 722 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 685 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 519 556 463 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 852 0 0 0 0 463 463 389 593 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 481] /lastchar 142 /name/f1 /firstchar 32 /fontdescriptor 26 0 r /encoding 24 0 r /type/font >> endobj 28 0 obj << /differences[32/space 44/comma/hyphen/period/slash 65/a 67/c 73/i 77/m 83/s/t 97/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y 142/eacute 144/ecircumflex 199/guillemotleft/guillemotright 210/quotedblleft/quotedblright 213/quoteright] /baseencoding/macromanencoding /type/encoding >> endobj 29 0 obj << /subtype/type1c /length 5464 /length1 5464 >> stream nizgom+usherwood-mediumitalic@ww   3/;copyright (c) 1990 adobe systems incorporated. all rights reserved.itc usherwood is a registered trademark of international typeface corporation.itc usherwood medium italicitc usherwood*"muipvhfsjtbnwdoe qgxczk5*yliw4r.$jx,jx[qn g  ? j g b q'49gu3q`!~hdcs $`x~\bcbefe $syvriyrs6yfx $`yw|rvywzɣ䒮wtls}=sgrrs:jjjgdywwsoneryЀvyqzjcq-ymy)Ҁtrvywz[{wyw||ss~y.'koœěƳzkv{z3k{w}io'hbfɽvssga*z #itkll $jp-,rڴɵotn(vdoxduesfn\q' l %bv{ _pby% "flwf? `uo5/: p侴#vn0v\_|*tva3<#|{֐yuajbmo7.yfz{}3k{mt;zhq) $ydw {arvy{~ȫzmwtz3k{vxwzwd.mllda$wsoknarsty0r_0%cr7 d"`h^eu[rwjwlulgg ͋!d{ċrb*y%[|y{~{|wthvzlmk $,(q74pݸݻkimra2~kq\hddykykv/d$|zehtoyeof $b݋xlpqqnjcijdĹ~zzzwv~ziy@fh{jz{}3k{mt8xnr2 $y%wsrvyw{ɷkwtls}=sgz}z}npnn3a1 nァxvvb]#,ﴳne_7_kyumkolmxywerozi}vvp$vq֝֜י}~}uwkv8v&xa-f`p{kz{}3k{tsxtzrqeuq_w_nf@ey wkscu8ǔwԀsnpb-yx~~~̛pqq!q,e|rljmcni35wxtjtz~ywf?ptf3jdoszx,0`xx}{z{xyx $se* bl1szrvz{wkuw\$bab $Ǝpppnpo $y`p}wsy%w!hj=; fctls}=sgrrs{0cztzecg4_;=q;f[cvfosxq6.`?-ux{~zwo9vt=iofp$1 08@&w ~d|s $ev蔎ʛpppnoo $irrrlll $s\d'g $by%3(2ai; "flwf? `uo5/: p侴#vn0v\_|*?yȪl,gygs'  \kq+jao؃tsstssn3ur&*!2 òvvw[i[]12g/!g]12g/!gvvw[i[/!)g12/!)g1yf`  endstream endobj 30 0 obj << /fontfile3 29 0 r /xheight 694 /ascent 684 /type/fontdescriptor /stemv 75 /capheight 622 /fontname/nizgom+usherwood-mediumitalic /stemh 0 /descent -254 /fontbbox[-195 -282 995 857] /italicangle -12 /flags 98 >> endobj 31 0 obj << /subtype/type1 /basefont/nizgom+usherwood-mediumitalic /widths[259 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 259 333 259 259 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 667 0 574 0 0 0 0 0 296 0 0 0 815 0 0 0 0 0 519 574 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 519 426 519 444 333 500 537 278 278 519 259 833 556 519 519 500 426 426 352 556 500 759 537 519 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 444 0 444 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 389 389 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 426 426 0 259] /lastchar 213 /name/f2 /firstchar 32 /fontdescriptor 30 0 r /encoding 28 0 r /type/font >> endobj 32 0 obj << /differences[32/space 38/ampersand 40/parenleft/parenright 44/comma/hyphen/period/slash/zero/one/two/three/four/five/six/seven/eight/nine/colon/semicolon/less 62/greater/question 65/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p 82/r/s/t/u/v/w 89/y 91/bracketleft 93/bracketright 95/underscore 97/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z 165/bullet 209/emdash/quotedblleft/quotedblright 213/quoteright] /baseencoding/macromanencoding /type/encoding >> endobj 33 0 obj << /subtype/type1c /length 9725 /length1 9725 >> stream eafsas+usherwood-book?&x   !%copyright (c) 1990 adobe systems incorporated. all rights reserved.itc usherwood is a registered trademark of international typeface corporation.itc usherwood bookitc usherwoodo.fubqipsjtwzx*ogve ncmhdk4iwl -+ 8y1("[ $5#)&'60%/r:<>,3t7@q@by}8@ d y 6 o x x7%)a7+d7~>gq; z z !c!""##?#d#x9ކ $ie,d ؿ(kzzzjp`{ $p$täuvvqrr $y^vwvrrr ${/3*yv"dnta?3 róɊܕ\)18?b洝r 'dc]ce:qy wtsuylqЅtx`zqv~bm{{*yvam|q~{p~8kmv{{xd}c{fsodo{pqks\y[adjp拵]n`waat2obɸ-}vs"(sv)i6y1'~pkl{Ŏr1bp""g+_q]t{tnu~x{-:!wj}`{ $_~:kn,n $dt{9@gupdʏ{tnu~x{1y<y4d ';)'.0 s/)8d!*~Džw@~c{ $p<®vp}}}j^qsyƏ{tnu~]{*wej}_{ $`iċ{tnu~x{ wuuxyttxtyvlvwfw^vӻ\jeganv{{|vr#rr@fi|zz̀arzhl&rϬss^g_*:lr $qryyyvwv ${~uz!qnÆppoooo ${gt29}& µwywywy ${fnjdr$Ƅqpqnon ${x2zb+w`jv^o|wwjejю)b9ne $ #  $%ь|{|toy ${dmr1ox^ powc#~ty{z ${ea=hb*soqnht ${{@yywuuwwuuwȆ $nq6ܥooonlm ${:69rm?*j}`{ $_~:kn,n $dt{*w=xh{tnu~x{1㆛2wyؿ $@—؅|ofqÂ̌ȝdo}ud $vda6nuzgvqw"zy&wiyu#Ћ{w}u{x{.v@(3s"b-{ms{]{of->ؠijl-y7!w){ w3*7p.`?uyw (d)a̯@j[ɋ{tnu~x{:wov,Ŵrhsszq`ry[ctsx*i~_{ $`|z,o:u $oy|r7r1r $px~a.7=>urg3:ecpl{tnu~x{1-y7!wґn$-1/#izh\yq{tnu~x{nm~y#e(9>(=e-wts`{ $_dʏ{tnu~x{1*usk_ntme}]tɡǚgxo{~w{xu~yy@ywy--n.b{t_el)ӈĊupa7fa 4>ǭ{mvl~}{|lnf"@hۻ_22[r=ngvpxpŴrhsszqry[ctsxoy7t4jugq9$psj~y؄~~{u-',56ݰ-}v3we>k}rl`~}xhfg"‹{tnu~x{#wuuxyttxyvwwyu+x+gɸhjʆcy=?d muiqo$$p޻sv@abvpxgtqbjenuuqgtqbjenuubvpxpŴrhsszqry[ctsxqzŴrhsszqry[ctsxl.w;j}`{ $_л2fwqqt $y|lvdvgȳ{zzwww ${vod\oaj`ʏ{tnu~x{8vwz;ngeav$b*ћx}}s3wp2sߥomonnm ${73so\yc@|ww4qh(ik֥̋鋝}}|vvw ${anqs|ac/ (q{|}|zjutwwy}xwgv`lt e %⯨qbyx $ů(c skhi @֋ }vsޥooonlm ${8*_m]v}t^bk=-wk $vÎ{j_f7{熋.*uv-vdy >zb-/-< 껺takfcڽi#nq24n-yܰcey+mؾb<5>1gour6b-b 0cۨpi*l`i6d؞]f5gltx;f-yܰy.90u3'@+nm'+> ,(@v)0osvw.%´vem]!gn;+z[>d $ʯt+p0 $Υٶdbyyysss ${xbjautd9pyyyyzz ${dnriq8"]lllmml ${u l-jl蟆 $}vwlr{y~o{ $[`hu袠s{ln ${yizygdljvh}{uqocy ${bo3"c^]z͠vfkowt{vfpvfjwtw3p?w i]5:nk  $tk#;0wppֈppw}|{|||{959rmwyfxpturx ${97maj"&; =3-xby}|xuj $u#&jr/Үwɛ $fru+vwuknk{ $\\9[xxwrsr ${oysoz^ejgdfqjz-ywzn 06 74rwhzh:l "jm8"]-vÐwjzyޱ#ȉ0fz~^vpw^ӱ#3l}7ovffw2jȅxedh*]!4rsbe(pf{bf~eltsp}wov/nŴrhsszqhry[ctsx0wuuwwuuwyks!h«p?wz|ԇ|}}{zcbx^Ō¹fp_u_oi^vrggxxx'yssyxstxdyww"wdl\j"$zmm^|w~y]d1sc5쭡yywuuwwuuw`2wuuwwuuw-ѱww^^ww $d}eaw|}j~wk~x=`rnԱtw|ˉcr]7if,dew) a*r < b֡ cuorrt~}|||}|j{739rm if9rm{ $nq6ܥomonnm ${:>>ܥooonlm ${:69rm{ $nq?vv˱r zyˆ}v[rz[%5*rv %t\}u3rotxx}yyfki>[5=-=r[yydd( )} $\nϋvvvyxy ${lohm>2sk,q_ʋllkhhg ${| =poq\-:`v $a}|li{~sz{zx} $#0 %93l0hr\muwtono3g  3sgs3g1l3sngnɆ $fzhӑ&>cy $qt|uxe1Ƿ櫦wzxrpu ${sqbmj\`'sϘpopmmm ${{f6?^wαzwxov{ $rsȁx5~| $,͚r' %tuuΈuut{z{֌{{{{zm1mi:fx]-y6yw"[ums5kźyzuyxtyݷ^:9*yf`  endstream endobj 34 0 obj << /fontfile3 33 0 r /xheight 694 /ascent 684 /type/fontdescriptor /stemv 59 /capheight 622 /fontname/eafsas+usherwood-book /stemh 0 /descent -254 /fontbbox[-101 -307 964 856] /italicangle 0 /flags 34 >> endobj 35 0 obj << /subtype/type1 /basefont/eafsas+usherwood-book /widths[278 0 0 0 0 0 722 0 296 296 0 0 278 278 278 278 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 278 278 963 0 963 407 0 630 593 611 704 574 537 630 704 296 296 648 500 815 685 741 574 0 630 519 556 667 611 944 0 611 0 333 0 333 0 500 0 500 556 463 556 500 315 500 556 259 241 519 241 889 574 537 556 556 370 426 315 537 500 759 537 519 463 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 963 444 444 0 278] /lastchar 213 /name/f3 /firstchar 32 /fontdescriptor 34 0 r /encoding 32 0 r /type/font >> endobj 36 0 obj << /differences[32/space 44/comma/hyphen/period 48/zero/one 52/four/five 55/seven 58/colon/semicolon 65/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j 76/l/m/n 80/p 82/r/s/t 86/v/w 89/y 97/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i 107/k/l/m/n/o/p 114/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y] /baseencoding/macromanencoding /type/encoding >> endobj 37 0 obj << /subtype/type1c /length 7527 /length1 7527 >> stream ycnrmq+usherwood-bookitalic@o`   .*jcopyright (c) 1990 adobe systems incorporated. all rights reserved.itc usherwood is a registered trademark of international typeface corporationitc usherwood book italicitc usherwood5.fubqipst8-jw#z54mgovecxnhdl* y"$)%17:+&('/37&t<2rn d > b  %ogqfn<=9~2qk *p9k:ik=iw0ch{ $fx1ߞstsvvv $h g7obpapcwvvsrr ${awot?u>s?s> $by:nwm:?bi՗Ęv94-c l 3uj(\pvÓ8y(wxsrxkoxҌІyx[meaoklnxi…slxwy+yagvl\w}{xxsb}}{|z|ab%3pū}{{`x_~toizt}vj:fƝ̖k:sm΋'okm9\dkyh{koyv`ftmbztyb˖$py@ rjd a tb\albĞwyj~wrmhddºǨkh|_c7!{nwwwvwv ${ly5kjjo@xxxvvu ${$m% ) $#,+- $wˋ싞q{ryz}| $՛p}—~Ûueacm1f{6Τfgflgl ${_}~(6x=awfvvwu|huzh:*b^xwgzy|}ku}țeeh{ig7i3szvɼ-խw 4  $uhzex}s} }؁]btyzy?xry[w' v̀qhgt )ri87ig'xϡwwfxnrlz6;+rnλit~~y֛wqz|oeoyqr{f8$gumwxwxxal@{Ԃvwsxԛ}t}}}̠oun}ctefz}8ndrp2'ad;nnp{|adwo"0dyv8t=Őzu`mahklxqwxz|oz%bw9<-udh{koyvj`fsios"u7xaaȌ9j|x~{lNjyms}{{zz`odi\y薬k{|~h\~xxjiknokvddǬ{ppdc*ya2`w|z}y{fӟݚ0Қϡ{cnl}l{dpxhtvhn 7tv}}}gl-%tbr8gq*y:w lx]gon{{p{lyҋvcpf4n*tws.k@bpddӠv8a~w$\porpb%smǰwv~r~=p{sv.)qd|u{sz ${{p7"=-Ňi{sx}zs^~i\t&yv8tl.ŏ]xsvs*wbi-¸uxnjmndpkwxz|o]򔫔qidtqs@fxmg=cpf{koyvm`fzbcrv7=n*~w6)y||xwde0,uߨo!tp3em|u\xujp[-=qqmdz[dv8exfty:is[=hmg<Үvduvwģ[s0huҽyyxynvsnu|=yvbw|ydjbebbrun nqr<rqgxx|{uv|mqpvnqxr{ ${_6ӓhihiii ${dx}e>>Хfgflkl ${_}~~.6z?wsqݭxh37=jmlxmljtvu{a}~~.8z?ws=q{bo?x`:o 2] $thk $,ktok؉jf_{{{{_ubm>z?l]rv1|`/k*jӘŗdddlkl ${|   $ {vrz|z $r $vfxb1t{x~{z{ ${ijbcx_/9xbcbnon ${0{amx6]myyxynvsnu|p,xynvsnu|ϛϦfgfljl ${_}~~{@r6^vu`qycxlы p-i|vͭ(<Šu_v_q)\_rz~jşȜunz[$ +z_Ǒ{~xwsnoq9qsu{a}~~.8z?wsy޵dgwz[yltsttttf3\ s4pm@+@*ii^|ontۋ: c dc~}fԷԢ䆱vŐq{zr qdzuwç $ir3wdl`l&{Ԫcy}{eq rxdyhߘrr|hz|z "{z~uqbb&i[e3kfywmq= #uls 4‹ vͭ= $ctz~jşȜunz[%+[_Ǒ{}wwig_`{b}~~.9y?xr;a |m $opؘİ{ciuyh&zzz{y{ $1$'-{o֋҃`tmimqhh|uz+'yvyajo%h&r!( $i&̪;j;<;tv{wn y@̪Ȏchc/^uzyzy^ozӿ%8#herw@uf<hdmaƛŚxvxvvu ${v|}}5;;>:<=xxxuvv ${\mmmeubyh $wĭx脆 $dzije;ă9 $fl}q8$Ր?oop؉opouuu{_}~~.6z?wsdc@zn7?yf`  endstream endobj 38 0 obj << /fontfile3 37 0 r /xheight 694 /ascent 684 /type/fontdescriptor /stemv 58 /capheight 622 /fontname/ycnrmq+usherwood-bookitalic /stemh 0 /descent -254 /fontbbox[-187 -307 972 849] /italicangle -12 /flags 98 >> endobj 39 0 obj << /subtype/type1 /basefont/ycnrmq+usherwood-bookitalic /widths[259 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 259 315 259 0 519 519 0 0 519 519 0 519 0 0 259 259 0 0 0 0 0 630 574 556 667 556 537 611 667 296 296 0 519 815 630 0 574 0 630 519 556 0 593 907 0 593 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 499 500 426 500 444 315 481 519 278 0 481 259 796 537 500 519 0 389 426 315 519 463 722 519 481] /lastchar 121 /name/f4 /firstchar 32 /fontdescriptor 38 0 r /encoding 36 0 r /type/font >> endobj 40 0 obj << /differences[32/space] /baseencoding/macromanencoding /type/encoding >> endobj 41 0 obj << /subtype/type1c /length 147 /length1 147 >> stream xbsmud+eurostileregular7 ? ? dag!{.... endstream endobj 42 0 obj << /fontfile3 41 0 r /xheight 0 /ascent 1775 /type/fontdescriptor /stemv 0 /capheight 1775 /fontname/xbsmud+eurostileregular /stemh 0 /descent -512 /fontbbox[-185 -250 1123 867] /italicangle 0 /flags 34 >> endobj 43 0 obj << /subtype/type1 /basefont/xbsmud+eurostileregular /widths[250] /lastchar 32 /name/f5 /firstchar 32 /fontdescriptor 42 0 r /encoding 40 0 r /type/font >> endobj 44 0 obj << /differences[32/space 84/t 87/w 97/a 99/c 101/e 105/i 107/k 110/n 114/r 116/t] /baseencoding/macromanencoding /type/encoding >> endobj 45 0 obj << /subtype/type1c /length 1610 /length1 1610 >> stream pwitls+usherwood-bold@/   "9)copyright (c) 1990 adobe systems incorporated. all rights reserved.itc usherwood is a registered trademark of international typeface corporation.itc usherwood bolditc usherwood 5sbdj8lfou wwhk?ywəw{? $t.ƴoq؂k胃uukldu誅ŴƋ.:ht,w $@ȼᶛdȎ=`dex&vxylxzz\kx{buzzħp^tg8vey,w:zģtq[*orucalʣ=yat{au|dnc0tبhil̄{{vp,$(+w  $v ͒melgoekt3 @avnggnnggn#]z= $ܳt@ $ә'0rsrklk $kxkm|xyy& }rsrnmn $kgi{u}a0'abb\\\ $kǂo*-,w+ $v|_a;a $~so]ۇ"ݺºstsqpp $k{mht^t/ys˒meogrekt3@avyowgtu\sblȌƊd ,,!&+殡qӝfudzz $vfĘ]rmv~ $c|\f,5gfsomkliookt3 @avywttlsk]sŚЈv{p7czewc4rk9qҮyf`  endstream endobj 46 0 obj << /fontfile3 45 0 r /xheight 694 /ascent 684 /type/fontdescriptor /stemv 108 /capheight 622 /fontname/pwitls+usherwood-bold /stemh 0 /descent -254 /fontbbox[-155 -300 1092 866] /italicangle 0 /flags 262178 >> endobj 47 0 obj << /subtype/type1 /basefont/pwitls+usherwood-bold /widths[296 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 574 0 0 944 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 519 0 481 0 519 0 0 0 296 0 556 0 0 611 0 0 0 389 0 352] /lastchar 116 /name/f11 /firstchar 32 /fontdescriptor 46 0 r /encoding 44 0 r /type/font >> endobj 48 0 obj << /kids[49 0 r 50 0 r 51 0 r 52 0 r 53 0 r 54 0 r] /type/pages /count 6 /parent 55 0 r >> endobj 49 0 obj << /contents 4 0 r /parent 48 0 r /resources<>/extgstate<>>> /mediabox[0 0 432 648] /type/page >> endobj 50 0 obj << /contents 5 0 r /parent 48 0 r /resources<>/extgstate<>>> /mediabox[0 0 432 648] /type/page >> endobj 51 0 obj << /contents 6 0 r /parent 48 0 r /resources<>/extgstate<>>> /mediabox[0 0 432 648] /type/page >> endobj 52 0 obj << /contents 7 0 r /parent 48 0 r /resources<>/extgstate<>>> /mediabox[0 0 432 648] /type/page >> endobj 53 0 obj << /contents 8 0 r /parent 48 0 r /resources<>/extgstate<>>> /mediabox[0 0 432 648] /type/page >> endobj 54 0 obj << /contents 9 0 r /parent 48 0 r /resources<>/extgstate<>>> /mediabox[0 0 432 648] /type/page >> endobj 56 0 obj << /kids[57 0 r 58 0 r 59 0 r 60 0 r 61 0 r 62 0 r] /type/pages /count 6 /parent 55 0 r >> endobj 57 0 obj << /contents 10 0 r /parent 56 0 r /resources<>/extgstate<>>> /mediabox[0 0 432 648] /type/page >> endobj 58 0 obj << /contents 11 0 r /parent 56 0 r /resources<>/extgstate<>>> /mediabox[0 0 432 648] /type/page >> endobj 59 0 obj << /contents 12 0 r /parent 56 0 r /resources<>/extgstate<>>> /mediabox[0 0 432 648] /type/page >> endobj 60 0 obj << /contents 13 0 r /parent 56 0 r /resources<>/extgstate<>>> /mediabox[0 0 432 648] /type/page >> endobj 61 0 obj << /contents 14 0 r /parent 56 0 r /resources<>/extgstate<>>> /mediabox[0 0 432 648] /type/page >> endobj 62 0 obj << /contents 15 0 r /parent 56 0 r /resources<>/extgstate<>>> /mediabox[0 0 432 648] /type/page >> endobj 63 0 obj << /kids[64 0 r 65 0 r 66 0 r] /type/pages /count 3 /parent 55 0 r >> endobj 64 0 obj << /contents 16 0 r /parent 63 0 r /resources<>/extgstate<>>> /mediabox[0 0 432 648] /type/page >> endobj 65 0 obj << /contents 17 0 r /parent 63 0 r /resources<>/extgstate<>>> /mediabox[0 0 432 648] /type/page >> endobj 66 0 obj << /contents 18 0 r /parent 63 0 r /resources<>/extgstate<>>> /mediabox[0 0 432 648] /type/page >> endobj 55 0 obj << /type/pages /kids[48 0 r 56 0 r 63 0 r] /count 15 >> endobj 67 0 obj << /type/catalog /pagelabels 19 0 r /pages 55 0 r >> endobj 68 0 obj << /xpressprivate(%%documentprocesscolors: black\n%%endcomments) /producer(quarkxpress(tm) 6.5) /creationdate(20070407163733) /creator(quarkxpress(tm) 6.5) >> endobj xref 0 69 0000000000 65535 f 0000000015 00000 n 0000000059 00000 n 0000000105 00000 n 0000000152 00000 n 0000005503 00000 n 0000011710 00000 n 0000017708 00000 n 0000024236 00000 n 0000032959 00000 n 0000040188 00000 n 0000047783 00000 n 0000054682 00000 n 0000060912 00000 n 0000067664 00000 n 0000074067 00000 n 0000082636 00000 n 0000091118 00000 n 0000096874 00000 n 0000104207 00000 n 0000104253 00000 n 0000104564 00000 n 0000110749 00000 n 0000110971 00000 n 0000111623 00000 n 0000111762 00000 n 0000113795 00000 n 0000114029 00000 n 0000114447 00000 n 0000114753 00000 n 0000120300 00000 n 0000120530 00000 n 0000121154 00000 n 0000121621 00000 n 0000131429 00000 n 0000131649 00000 n 0000132339 00000 n 0000132621 00000 n 0000140231 00000 n 0000140459 00000 n 0000140919 00000 n 0000141010 00000 n 0000141238 00000 n 0000141460 00000 n 0000141631 00000 n 0000141778 00000 n 0000143471 00000 n 0000143697 00000 n 0000144056 00000 n 0000144163 00000 n 0000144397 00000 n 0000144591 00000 n 0000144785 00000 n 0000144989 00000 n 0000145193 00000 n 0000147406 00000 n 0000145387 00000 n 0000145494 00000 n 0000145699 00000 n 0000145904 00000 n 0000146099 00000 n 0000146304 00000 n 0000146499 00000 n 0000146704 00000 n 0000146790 00000 n 0000146995 00000 n 0000147190 00000 n 0000147478 00000 n 0000147547 00000 n trailer << /size 69 /root 67 0 r /info 68 0 r /id[] >> startxref 147722 %%eof