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(1996). )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 110.1774 343.2329 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.005 tc 0.124 tw (the spell of the sensuous: )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 208.9675 343.2329 tm 0 0 0 1 k (p)tj 0.54211 0 td 0.005 tc (er)tj 0.82395 0 td 0.124 tw [(ception and language in a mor)19(e-than-)]tj -19.47988 -1.41177 td 0 tc 0 tw [(human w)19(orld)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 101.5695 331.2329 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (.)tj 0.55565 0 td 0 tc [(ne)19(w y)79(ork: vint)19(age books)37(.)]tj -8.15207 -1.41176 td (andruss)tj 3.4812 0 td -0.0002 tc (,)tj 0.553 0 td (v)tj 0.50015 0 td 0 tc -0.003 tw (., plant, c., plant, j., & w)tj 10.79893 0 td (right, e. (1990). )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 227.2443 319.2329 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.002 tw (home: a bior)tj 5.45627 0 td (egional r)tj 3.62363 0 td 0 tw (eader)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 323.7643 319.2329 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (.)tj 0.55326 0 td 0 tc (gabriola)tj -32.17259 -1.41176 td (island: ne)tj 4.31421 0 td -0.0001 tc (w)tj 1.03673 0 td 0 tc [(society publisher)19(s)37(. )]tj -7.46859 -1.41177 td 0.055 tw [(binks)37(, g. (1989). interpr)18(eter)19(s in the community: a discussion paper)111(. in d. uzz)18(ell (ed.),)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 55 283.2329 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.006 tc (herit)tj 2.04574 0 td -0.007 tw (age interpr)tj 4.46478 0 td 0 tw (et)tj 0.7288 0 td -0.007 tw (ation: the visit)tj 6.05958 0 td (or e)tj 1.54302 0 td 0 tw (xperience)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 216.9591 283.2329 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.006 tc -0.008 tw ((pp. 190-200). l)tj 6.79769 0 td (ondon: belha)tj 5.62424 0 td 0 tc (v)tj 0.4752 0 td -0.006 tc (en pr)tj 2.23898 0 td 0 tw (ess)tj 1.29669 0 td -0.0063 tc (.)tj -37.60445 -1.41178 td -0.0053 tc (br)tj 0.93401 0 td -0.005 tc -0.009 tw [(am)19(w)19(ell, b)36(. & l)19(ane)56(, b)37(. (1993). interpr)18(et)19(ation and sust)19(ainable t)19(ourism: the potential and)]tj 1.18364 -1.41177 td 0 tc 0 tw [(pitf)19(alls)36(. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 83.4945 259.2329 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(journal of sust)19(ainable t)87(ourism)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 191.7761 259.2329 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0003 tc (,)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 196.4993 259.2329 tm 0 0 0 1 k (1)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 200.9091 259.2329 tm 0 0 0 1 k [((2), 7)56(1-80.)]tj -19.28342 -1.41176 td 0.003 tc (brunkhor)tj 4.0624 0 td 0.136 tw (st d. & r)tj 4.32536 0 td 0 tw (ollings)tj 2.76346 0.00001 td 0.0032 tc (,)tj 0.69798 0 td 0.003 tc 0.136 tw (n. (1999). linking ecological and social functions of land)tj 25.75535 0 td 0 tc (-)tj -35.48692 -1.41178 td 0 tw [(scapes: i. influencing r)19(esour)18(ce go)19(v)19(ernance)56(. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 214.8834 235.2329 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(natur)19(al ar)18(eas journal)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 291.1634 235.2329 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0003 tc (,)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 295.8866 235.2329 tm 0 0 0 1 k (19)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 304.7062 235.2329 tm 0 0 0 1 k ((1), 57-64. )tj -31.49485 -1.41176 td 0.006 tc 0.133 tw [(but)19(ala, s. (1995). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 106.5773 223.2329 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.006 tc 0.124 tw [(co)19(y)19(ote\325)36(s morning cry: medit)19(ations and dr)19(eams fr)18(om a life in natur)19(e)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 356.6382 223.2329 tm 0 0 0 1 k (.)tj -35.48685 -1.41176 td (t)tj 0.46801 0 td (or)tj 0.88794 0.00001 td (ont)tj 1.40699 0 td [(o: harpercollins publisher)19(s)37(.)]tj -4.88059 -1.41178 td 0.006 tc 0.133 tw [(butler)111(, j.r. (1993). interpr)18(et)19(ation as a management t)19(ool. in p)148(. dear)18(den & r. r)19(o)1(l)1(l)1(i)1(n)1(s)]tj 2.11765 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0 tw [(\(eds)37(.\), )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 79.9079 187.2329 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.013 tw [(p)37(arks and pr)19(otected ar)18(eas in canada: planning and management)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 308.6814 187.2329 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.014 tw [(\(pp. 2)56(1)161(1-224\).)]tj -29.84487 -1.41176 td 0 tw [(t)88(or)19(ont)18(o: oxf)19(or)18(d univ)19(er)19(sity pr)18(ess)37(. )]tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td 0.133 tw [(capr)19(a, f)147(. (1999).)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 102.9499 163.2329 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.124 tw [(ecoliter)19(acy: the challenge f)18(or education in the ne)19(xt century)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 319.3161 163.2329 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (.)tj 0.68832 0 td 0 tc [(liv)19(erpool)]tj -31.78434 -1.41176 td (schumacher l)tj 6.11108 0.00001 td (ectur)tj 2.16578 0.00001 td (es)tj 0.88892 0.00001 td -0.0001 tc (.)tj 0.55573 0 td 0 tc [(calif)19(ornia: center f)18(or ecoliter)19(ac)19(y)111(. )]tj -11.83916 -1.41179 td 0.126 tw [(carter)111(, j. \(ed.\). \(200)56(1\). a sense of place: an interpr)18(etiv)19(e planning handbook. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 330.9772 139.2329 tm 0 0 0 1 k (scottish)tj -32.46791 -1.41176 td [(interpr)19(et)18(ation netw)19(ork)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 137.7567 127.2329 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(on-line at: www)111(.scotinterpnet.or)18(g.uk.)]tj -11.8537 -1.4118 td [(cliff)19(or)18(d, s. (2000). l)19(et the bridges speak. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 189.062 115.2329 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(interpr)19(et)18(ation)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 237.8332 115.2329 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0003 tc (,)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 242.5564 115.2329 tm 0 0 0 1 k (5)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 246.9662 115.2329 tm 0 0 0 1 k [((2), 1)56(0-1)160(1. )]tj -24.7019 -1.4118 td -0.026 tc 0.012 tw [(curtho)19(y)19(s br)18(o)19(wn, l.p)148(. (1995). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 138.0108 103.2329 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.024 tc 0.011 tw [(explor)19(a)1(t)19(ory study of successful management appr)19(o)1(a)1(c)1(h)1(e)1(s)1( )1(f)20(o)1(r)1( )1(s)1(m)1(a)1(l)1(l)]tj -9.766 -1.4118 td 0 tc 0.117 tw [(pr)19(otected ar)18(eas)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 109.7826 91.2329 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (.)tj 0.681 0 td 0 tc 0.125 tw [(unpublished ph.d dissert)19(ation, univ)18(er)19(sity of albert)19(a, edmont)18(on,)]tj -7.126 -1.4118 td 0 tw (canada. )tj et 0 0 0 0 k 36 17.496 324 23.0401 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 37.6056 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (lesley p. curthoys & brent cuthbertson)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 14.112 17.496 22.494 23.0401 re f bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 15.112 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (238)tj et q endstream endobj 19 0 obj << /length 12159 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 72 63 324 532.8 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 73 588.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.01 tc -0.004 tw [(curtho)19(y)19(s)37(, l. p)148(. (1998). r)18(amse)19(y can)19(y)19(on pr)18(eserv)19(e)56(, ariz)18(ona: a case study in successful small)]tj 2.11765 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0 tw [(pr)19(otected ar)18(eas management. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 203.3822 576.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(natur)19(al ar)18(eas journal)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 279.6622 576.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0003 tc (,)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 284.3854 576.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (18)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 293.205 576.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k ((1), 28-37. )tj -25.90647 -1.41176 td -0.0006 tc (c)tj 0.61045 -0.00001 td -0.001 tc -0.013 tw [(urtho)19(y)18(s)37(, l.p)147(. & clark, j. (2002). interpr)19(e)-1(t)18(ativ)19(e)-1( )-1(p)-1(l)-1(a)-1(n)-1(n)-1(i)-1(n)-1(g)-1( )-1(a)-1(t)-1( )-1(t)-1(h)-1(e)-1( )-1(l)-1(a)-1(n)-1(d)-1(s)-1(c)-1(a)-1(p)-1(e)-1( )-1(l)-1(e)18(v)18(el: a t)19(ool f)18(or)]tj 1.5072 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0.031 tw [(giving people a v)19(oice in the futur)18(e of their communities)37(. in s. bondrup-neilsen, g.)]tj t* -0.005 tc -0.009 tw [(nelson, j. martin willison, t)130(. herman, & p)147(. eagles \(eds)37(.)1(\))1(,)1( )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 296.1229 540.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.005 tc -0.008 tw [(managing pr)19(otected ar)18(eas in)]tj -24.13211 -1.41176 td -0.0045 tc (a)tj 0.74043 0 td -0.004 tc -0.009 tw [(changing w)19(orld.)-246(pr)18(oceedings of the f)19(ourth international confer)19(ence on the science and)]tj -0.74043 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0.115 tw [(management of pr)19(otected ar)18(eas )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 207.6804 516.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.124 tw [(\(pp. 77)56(1-78)56(1\). w)92(olfville)56(, no)19(v)18(a scotia: science and)]tj -13.72711 -1.41176 td 0 tw [(management of pr)19(otected ar)18(eas association.)]tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td -0.001 tc -0.013 tw [(cuthbertson, b)37(. (1999). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 160.3111 492.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.001 tc -0.012 tw [(explor)19(ations of place: a critical appr)18(oach t)19(o gaining a compassion-)]tj -8.15425 -1.41176 td 0.014 tc 0.116 tw [(ate sense of place in out)19(door educat)18(or tr)19(aining)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 266.9492 480.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.0145 tc (.)tj 0.70933 0 td 0.015 tc 0.124 tw [(unpublished ph.d. dissert)19(ation,)]tj -21.40924 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0 tw [(univ)19(er)18(sity of albert)19(a, edmont)19(on, canada. )]tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td [(diment, n. (1998). not another boring interpr)19(etiv)18(e panel! )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 286.4235 456.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(interpr)19(et)18(ation)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 335.1947 456.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0003 tc (,)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 339.9178 456.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (3)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 344.3276 456.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k ((1), 3-4. )tj -31.9209 -1.41176 td 0.001 tc 0.138 tw [(edw)19(ar)18(ds)37(, y)129(. (1979). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 150.0569 444.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.001 tc 0.128 tw [(the land speaks: or)19(ganizing and running an interpr)19(et)18(ation sy)19(stem)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 392.637 444.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (.)tj -35.48671 -1.41176 td [(t)88(or)19(ont)18(o: the national and pr)19(o)19(vincial p)56(arks association of canada.)]tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td [(golle)19(y)111(, f)147(. (1998). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 135.978 420.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (a)tj 0.88869 0 td 0 tc [(primer f)19(or envir)18(onment)19(al liter)19(acy)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 260.8778 420.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (.)tj 0.55565 0 td 0 tc [(ne)19(w ha)18(v)19(en:y)80(ale univ)19(er)18(sity pr)19(ess)36(. )]tj -22.65893 -1.41176 td 0.082 tw [(grumbine)56(, r.e. (1997). r)18(eflections on: what is ecosy)19(stem management? )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 348.8981 408.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(conserv)19(ation)]tj -30.34096 -1.41177 td (biology)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 117.1163 396.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0003 tc (,)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 121.8395 396.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.111 tc (11)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 129.7169 396.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k [((1), 4)56(1-47.)]tj -6.67258 -1.41176 td -0.002 tc -0.012 tw [(haluz)19(a-del)18(a)19(y)112(, r. & cuthbertson, b)36(. (2000). de)19(v)19(eloping compassionate sense of place)56(. in)]tj 2.11765 -1.41176 td 0 tc -0.007 tw (i. schneider)tj 5.02993 0 td -0.0002 tc (,)tj 0.54876 0 td 0 tc [(d. cha)19(v)18(ez, b)37(. borrie)56(, & k. james \(eds)37(.\), )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 283.9996 372.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (pr)tj 0.94409 0 td -0.006 tw (oceedings of social aspects of)tj -23.64993 -1.41176 td 0.03 tw [(r)19(ecr)18(eation r)19(esear)19(ch)-311(symposium )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 204.1005 360.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.032 tw [((pp. 17-22). t)88(empe)56(, ariz)18(ona, f)56(ebruary 14-17, 2000.)]tj -13.30594 -1.41176 td 0 tw (united st)tj 3.96338 0 td (ates f)tj 2.49952 0 td (or)tj 0.88794 0 td [(est service)56(, p)56(acific southw)18(est r)19(esear)19(ch st)18(ation.)]tj -9.46848 -1.41178 td -0.006 tc -0.013 tw [(her)19(on-pr)18(omaine)56(, r. (1998). applying ecosy)19(stem management principles t)19(o public educa-)]tj 2.11765 -1.41176 td -0.021 tc 0.002 tw (tion: a case study of puk)tj 10.16319 0 td 0 tw (askw)tj 2.09965 0 td -0.0213 tc (a)tj 0.73712 0 td -0.021 tc 0.002 tw (national p)tj 4.19575 0.00001 td (ark, ont)tj 3.38735 0 td (ario. in n. munr)tj 6.55188 0 td -0.0214 tc (o)tj 0.77404 0 td (&)tj 0.95903 0 td -0.021 tc (j. willison \(eds)tj 6.08796 0 td 0 tw (.\),)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 91 312.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.007 tc -0.011 tw (linking pr)tj 4.17913 0 td (otected ar)tj 3.99237 0 td [(eas with w)19(orking landscapes conserving biodiv)18(er)19(sity)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 343.6237 312.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.007 tc -0.012 tw ((pp. 633-642))tj 5.7666 0 td 0 tc (.)tj -35.48704 -1.41177 td -0.006 tc 0.066 tw [(pr)19(oceedings of the thir)18(d international confer)19(ence on science and management of)]tj 0 -1.41176 td -0.024 tc 0 tw (pr)tj 0.87636 0 td 0.005 tw (otected ar)tj 4.20579 0 td 0 tw (eas)tj 1.31588 0.00001 td -0.0246 tc (.)tj 0.51177 0 td -0.025 tc (no)tj 1.15429 0 td 0 tc (v)tj 0.45686 0 td -0.0244 tc (a)tj 0.73404 0 td -0.024 tc 0.005 tw (scotia: science and management of pr)tj 15.7582 0 td [(otected ar)19(eas association. )]tj -27.13083 -1.41179 td -0.003 tc 0 tw (hungerf)tj 3.45987 0 td -0.011 tw [(or)19(d, h. & v)92(olk, t)130(. (1990). changing learner beha)19(vior thr)18(ough envir)19(onment)19(al edu-)]tj -1.34222 -1.41177 td 0 tc 0 tw (cation. )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 118.2266 264.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (journal of envir)tj 6.53418 0 td (onment)tj 3.10961 0.00001 td (al education)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 243.9336 264.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0003 tc (,)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 248.6567 264.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (2)tj 0.46289 0 td (1)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 257.0011 264.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k ((3), 8-2)tj 3.0371 0 td (1. )tj -24.68429 -1.41176 td 0.005 tc 0.134 tw (jickling, b)tj 4.40997 0 td 0.0048 tc (.)tj 0.69957 0 td 0.005 tc 0 tw (\(200)tj 1.9274 0 td 0.134 tw (1\). mini-symposium contributions)tj 15.01578 0 td 0.0046 tc (.)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 266.394 252.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.004 tc (envir)tj 2.22665 0 td (onment)tj 3.13725 0 td 0.125 tw (al education r)tj 6.32921 0 td 0 tw (esear)tj 2.2054 0 td (ch)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 392.6385 252.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (,)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 91 240.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (7)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 95.4098 240.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k ((2), 185-188.)tj -2.63645 -1.41176 td (knapp, d. (1998). envir)tj 10.2769 0 td (onment)tj 3.36987 0.00001 td (al education and envir)tj 9.62747 0 td (onment)tj 3.36987 0 td (al interpr)tj 3.94305 0 td (et)tj 0.79614 0 td (ation: the r)tj 4.98033 0.00001 td (ela)tj 1.24097 0 td (-)tj -35.48695 -1.41179 td -0.007 tc (tionships)tj 3.80742 0 td -0.0071 tc (.)tj 0.53494 0 td -0.007 tc -0.007 tw (in h. hungerf)tj 5.78373 0 td 0 tw (or)tj 0.87406 0 td -0.007 tw (d, w)tj 1.89084 0 td -0.0071 tc (.)tj 0.53487 0 td -0.007 tc [(bluhm, t)130(. v)92(olk, & j. r)19(amse)19(y \(eds)36(.\), )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 331.971 216.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.007 tc -0.006 tw (essential r)tj 4.28974 0 td 0 tw (eadings)tj -32.63927 -1.41177 td 0 tc [(in envir)19(onment)18(al education)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 189.4784 204.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k ((pp. 293-300). champaign: stipes publishing. )tj -13.70334 -1.41176 td 0.002 tc 0.136 tw (knapp, d. & p)tj 6.60801 0 td (off, r. \(200)tj 5.11804 0 td (1\). a qualit)tj 5.00621 0 td 0 tw (ativ)tj 1.56474 0 td 0.0024 tc (e)tj 0.91921 0 td 0.002 tc (analy)tj 2.32719 0 td 0.136 tw (sis of the immediate and short-term)tj -19.42575 -1.41178 td -0.01 tc -0.004 tw (impact of an envir)tj 7.74152 0 td -0.009 tc 0 tw (onment)tj 3.31332 0 td -0.0095 tc (al)tj 0.98598 0 td -0.01 tc (interpr)tj 2.85867 0 td -0.004 tw [(etiv)19(e pr)18(ogr)19(am. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 272.2323 180.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.009 tc (envir)tj 2.15964 0 td (onment)tj 3.05686 0 td -0.004 tw (al education r)tj 5.88372 0 td 0 tw [(esear)19(ch)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 392.64 180.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (,)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 91 168.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (7)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 95.4098 168.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k ((1), 55-65.)tj -2.63645 -1.41176 td (lister)tj 2.25854 0 td -0.0002 tc (,)tj 0.55702 0 td 0 tc 0.001 tw [(n. & k)37(a)18(y)112(, j. (2000). celebr)18(ating div)19(er)19(sity: a)55(daptiv)19(e planning and biodiv)19(er)18(sity con-)]tj -0.69792 -1.41177 td -0.024 tc 0 tw (serv)tj 1.68084 0.00001 td 0.01 tw [(ation. in s. br)19(ocking (ed.), )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 198.3196 144.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.022 tc (biodiv)tj 2.43931 0.00001 td -0.023 tc 0.009 tw [(er)19(sity in canada: ecology)110(, ideas and action)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 363.3209 144.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.024 tc 0.01 tw (\(pp. 189-)tj -32.03775 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0 tw [(2)56(18\). p)56(eterbor)18(ough: br)19(oadvie)19(w pr)18(ess)37(. )]tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td 0.025 tw [(michael, d. (1995). barrier)19(s and bridges t)18(o learning in a turbulent human ecology)111(. in l.)]tj 2.1176 -1.4118 td -0.005 tc -0.009 tw [(gunder)19(son, c. holling, & s. light \(eds)36(.\), )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 236.9759 108.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.005 tc -0.008 tw [(barrier)19(s and bridges t)18(o the r)19(ene)19(w)18(al of ecosy)19(s)-1(-)]tj -17.1736 -1.4118 td 0 tc 0 tw (tems and institutions)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 167.7884 96.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k [((pp. 46-485). ne)19(w y)79(ork: columbia univ)19(er)19(sity pr)18(ess)37(. )]tj -11.1516 -1.4118 td 0.007 tc 0.132 tw [(n\276ss)37(, a. (1989). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 140.3639 84.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.007 tc 0.123 tw [(ecology)111(, community and lifestyle)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 260.3154 84.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.0071 tc (.)tj 0.70189 0 td 0.007 tc 0.132 tw [(cambridge: cambridge univ)19(er)18(sity)]tj -20.6214 -1.4118 td 0 tc 0 tw [(pr)19(ess)36(. )]tj et 0 0 0 0 k 72 17.4601 324.429 23.0399 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 144.9017 33.8348 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(listening to the landscape:)-194(interpretive planning for ecological literacy)]tj et 0 0 0 0 k 396 17.496 22.088 23.0401 re f bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 401.1572 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (239)tj et q endstream endobj 20 0 obj << /length 12870 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 36 63 324 532.8 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 37 588.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.134 tw [(or)19(ams)36(, m.b)37(. (1996). using interpr)19(et)18(ation t)19(o manage natur)19(e-based t)19(ourism. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 323.328 588.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.125 tw (journal of)tj -31.568 -1.41176 td 0 tw [(sust)19(ainable t)87(ourism)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 126.4718 576.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0003 tc (,)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 131.1949 576.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (4)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 135.6047 576.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k [((2), 8)56(1-94.)]tj -11.60055 -1.41176 td 0.0014 tc (o)tj 0.74236 -0.00001 td 0.001 tc 0.137 tw [(rr)111(, d. (1992).)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 96.1927 564.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.0012 tc (e)tj 0.55725 -0.00001 td 0.001 tc 0.128 tw [(cological liter)19(acy: education and the tr)18(ansition t)19(o a postmodern w)18(orld.)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 55 552.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(ne)19(w y)79(ork: univ)19(er)19(sity of ne)18(w y)80(ork pr)18(ess)37(. )]tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td 0.022 tc 0.147 tw [(orr)111(, d. (1994). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 99.5091 540.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.021 tc 0.137 tw [(earth in mind: on education, envir)19(onment and the human pr)19(ospect)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 356.6385 540.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (.)tj -35.48688 -1.41176 td [(w)93(ashingt)19(on, dc: island pr)18(ess)37(. )]tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td -0.005 tc -0.009 tw [(p)55(arks canada agenc)19(y)110(. (2000). \322unimpair)19(ed f)19(or futur)18(e)-1( )-1(g)-1(e)-1(n)-1(e)-1(r)18(ations\323? )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 286.9444 516.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.004 tc -0.009 tw [(pr)19(otecting ecological)]tj -27.28758 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0.129 tw [(integrity with canada\325)37(s national parks)36(. v)74(ol. ii: setting a ne)18(w dir)19(ection f)19(or canada\325)36(s)]tj t* -0.009 tw [(national p)37(arks)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 106.8242 492.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (.)tj 0.54562 0 td 0 tc -0.01 tw [(r)19(eport on the panel on the ecological integrity of canada\325)36(s national)]tj -6.64259 -1.41176 td 0 tw [(p)56(arks)37(. ott)18(a)19(w)19(a: ministry of public w)93(orks and go)18(v)19(ernment services)37(. )]tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td 0.02 tw [(pier)19(ssen\216, a. (1999). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 115.9021 468.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.019 tw [(explaining our w)19(orld: an appr)18(oach t)19(o the art of envir)19(onment)18(al inter-)]tj -7.16495 -1.41176 td 0 tw [(pr)19(et)18(ation)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 86.9373 456.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (.)tj 0.55566 0 td 0 tc [(ne)19(w y)79(ork: r)19(outledge)56(. )]tj -6.43063 -1.41176 td 0.008 tw [(rela)130(te. \(200)56(1\). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 98.3775 444.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.008 tw [(r)19(ealizing envir)19(onment)18(al liter)19(acy thr)18(ough adv)19(anced technology and e)19(xperi-)]tj -5.10324 -1.41176 td 0 tw [(ment)19(ation)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 90.71 432.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (.)tj 0.55579 0 td 0 tc [(on-line at: http://lpsl.coe)56(.uga.edu/rela)130(te/te)18(xt/define)56(.html. )]tj -6.87461 -1.41176 td [(r)19(elph, e. (1976). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 100.9222 420.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (place and placelessness)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 184.1106 420.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (.)tj 0.55566 0 td 0 tc [(l)19(ondon: pion lt)18(d. )]tj -17.86279 -1.41176 td -0.021 tc 0.007 tw [(sharpe)56(, g. (ed.). (1982). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 122.8757 408.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.019 tc 0.006 tw [(interpr)19(eting the envir)18(onment )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 221.9753 408.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.021 tc 0.007 tw [((2nd edition). ne)19(w y)79(ork: wile)19(y & sons)36(. )]tj -21.7618 -1.41177 td -0.024 tc 0.005 tw [(sheridan, j. \(200)56(1\). mythic ecology)111(. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 161.3932 396.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.023 tc 0.004 tw [(canadian journal of envir)19(onment)18(al education)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 314.4292 396.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0244 tc (,)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 318.7827 396.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (6)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 323.0018 396.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0242 tc (,)tj 0.51225 0 td -0.024 tc [(197-208.)-5( )]tj -34.15952 -1.41176 td 0 tc [(sn)19(y)19(der)110(, g. (1990). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 105.0104 384.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(the pr)19(actice of the wild)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 187.296 384.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (.)tj 0.55573 0 td 0 tc [(calif)19(ornia: north p)55(oint pr)19(ess)37(. )]tj -18.23762 -1.41176 td -0.022 tc (st)tj 0.77065 0 td 0.008 tw [(ables)37(, a. (1998). envir)18(onment)19(al liter)19(ac)18(y: functional, cultur)19(al, critical. the case of the sc)37(aa)]tj 1.347 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0 tw [(guidelines)37(. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 96.3939 360.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(envir)19(onment)18(al education r)19(esear)19(ch)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 219.2642 360.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0003 tc (,)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 223.9873 360.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (4)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 228.3971 360.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k ((2), 155-164.)tj -22.51731 -1.41176 td (st)tj 0.81494 0 td (ables)tj 2.18579 0 td -0.0001 tc (,)tj 0.55695 0 td 0 tc 0.001 tw (a. & bishop, k. \(200)tj 8.7833 0 td [(1\). w)93(eak and str)18(ong conceptions of envir)19(onment)19(al liter)18(ac)19(y:)]tj -10.22333 -1.41178 td -0.016 tc 0.002 tw [(implications f)19(or envir)18(onment)19(al education. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 206.0757 336.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.015 tc 0.002 tw [(envir)19(onment)18(al education r)19(esear)19(ch)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 324.8968 336.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0164 tc (,)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 329.3651 336.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (7)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 333.6472 336.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.016 tc 0.002 tw ((1), 89-)tj -32.78202 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0 tw (97. )tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td 0.021 tc (ste)tj 1.37933 0 td 0 tc (w)tj 0.76145 0 td 0.021 tc 0.117 tw [(art, e. & kirb)19(y)110(, v)111(. (1998). interpr)18(etiv)19(e e)19(v)18(aluation: t)88(o)18(w)19(ar)19(ds a place appr)18(oach.)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 55 300.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(international journal of herit)19(age studies)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 197.3646 300.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0003 tc (,)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 202.0878 300.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (4)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 206.4976 300.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k ((1), 30-44. )tj -19.9409 -1.41176 td (str)tj 1.18481 0 td (auss)tj 1.85156 0 td -0.0001 tc (,)tj 0.55515 0 td 0 tc -0.001 tw (s. (1996). )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 105.3054 288.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.001 tw (the passionate f)tj 6.77265 0 td (act: st)tj 2.57151 0 td (orytelling in natur)tj 7.51264 0.00001 td (al hist)tj 2.5344 0 td (ory and cultur)tj 5.8293 0 td (al interpr)tj 3.86715 0 td 0 tw (e-)tj -35.00592 -1.41179 td (t)tj 0.29614 0 td (ation)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 75.6088 276.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (.)tj 0.55569 0 td 0 tc (color)tj 2.27658 0 td [(ado: north american pr)19(ess)36(. )]tj -7.37448 -1.41177 td (t)tj 0.40638 0 td -0.002 tc (abat)tj 1.84574 0.00001 td -0.012 tw (a, r. (1989). implications of special inter)tj 17.41271 0 td (est t)tj 1.79449 0 td (ourism f)tj 3.56613 0 td (or interpr)tj 4.08103 0 td 0 tw (et)tj 0.79299 0.00001 td -0.012 tw (ation and r)tj 4.6792 0 td 0 tw (esour)tj 2.3427 0 td (ce)tj -34.80372 -1.4118 td -0.009 tc (conserv)tj 3.28664 0 td -0.005 tw (ation. in d. uzz)tj 6.561 0 td (ell (ed.), )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 170.1968 252.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.009 tc (herit)tj 2.03111 0 td -0.004 tw (age interpr)tj 4.4355 0 td 0 tw (et)tj 0.72294 0 td -0.004 tw (ation: the visit)tj 6.01859 0 td (or e)tj 1.53423 0.00001 td 0 tw (xperience)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 331.0858 252.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.009 tc -0.005 tw (\(pp. 68-)tj -32.48068 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0 tw (77\). l)tj 2.44458 0 td [(ondon: belha)19(v)18(en pr)19(ess)37(.)]tj -4.56222 -1.41177 td (t)tj 0.43019 0 td (a)tj 0.50343 0 td 0.022 tc (ylor)tj 1.6446 0 td 0.0221 tc (,)tj 0.91323 0 td 0.022 tc 0.313 tw (r. 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8007 >> stream qesazb+usherwood-bookitalic@o`   .**copyright (c) 1990 adobe systems incorporated. all rights reserved.itc usherwood is a registered trademark of international typeface corporationitc usherwood book italicitc usherwood:tpnfxis'u-wg"mcb8z1d:v/)jh#oe.q5y+4$l&*0[3 7<wzkgsxk < [ = j px jy ob(zy>i tyb˖$py@ rjd a tb\albĞwyj~wrmhddºǨkh|*ybly0=(1# 0d.ъp73*61m&yv8tl.ŏ]xsvs*wbi-¸uxnjmndpkwxz|o]򔫔qidtqs@fxmg=cpf{koyvm`fzbcrv7by:nwm:?bi՗Ęv94-c l 3uj(\pvÓ8Ӡv8a~w$\porpb%smǰwv~r~=p{sv.)qd|u{sz ${{p7"=-Ňi{sx}zs^~i\tyv=wŎzkыrvzyzbbpytwxz|oz*du=c1fgmeo_qr{f|l&pliv.o9ؿ=۰ҳoy|yxpb=gh{koyv`fxmdu;y>vͭ= $ctz~jşȜunz[%+[_Ǒ{}wwig_`{b}~~.9y?xry(wxsrxkoxҌІyx[meaoklnxi…slxwy՛p}—~Ûueacm1f{6Τfgflgl ${_}~(6xz?l]ty:is[=hmg<Үvduvwģ[s0huҽr $vfxb1t{x~{z{ ${ijbcx_/9xbcbnon ${0{amx6]mxaaȌ9j|x~{lNjyms}{{zz`odi\y薬k{|~h\~xxjiknokvddǬ{ppdcw@uf<hdmaƛŚxvxvvu ${v|}}5;;>:<=xxxuvv ${\mmmeubyh $ŭf $uhj\jx>xr{ ${_6ӓhihiii ${dx}e>>Хfgflkl ${_}~~.6z?wsyŔpz|oؤžЋk}z}9o~urgmi_newx$wswroz{=n*~w6)y||xwde0,uߨo!tp3em|u\xujp[-=qqmdz[dv8exf?qӭ|x[vr~?sǓ߫5onolnoo~~~{]}~~.4{jvvr`q-id@`k|Ͽij.s,>yv8t=Őzu`mahklxqwxz|oz%bw9<-udh{koyvj`fsios"u7*ya2`w|z}y{fӟݚ0Қϡ{cnl}l{dpxhtvhn 7tv}}}gl-%tbr8gq9~2qk *p9k:ik=iw0ch{ $fx1ߞstsvvv $h g7obpapcwvvsrr ${awot?u>s?s> $}vj:fƝ̖k:sm΋'okm9\dkyh{koyv`ftmbz"g$п[$>=:6a-yڱ6<_os# "jq t. jh|yjqa $g1n)#&îvj>jzqqtvnzzeitr{=yvbw|ydjbebbrun nqr<rqgxx|{uv|mqpvnq> endobj 46 0 obj << /subtype/type1 /basefont/qesazb+usherwood-bookitalic /widths[259 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 259 315 259 259 0 519 519 519 519 519 519 519 519 519 259 0 0 0 0 0 0 630 574 556 0 556 537 0 667 296 296 0 519 815 630 685 574 0 630 519 556 0 593 907 0 593 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 499 500 426 500 444 315 481 519 278 0 481 259 796 537 500 519 0 389 426 315 519 463 722 519 481 426 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 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