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r)19(elationships and beha)19(viour)18(s specified b)19(y each)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.005 tc -0.009 tw [(and e)19(v)18(ery cultur)19(e)55(. this is especially true f)19(or pr)19(e-school age childr)18(en, lik)19(e the)]tj t* -0.008 tc 0 tw (fiv)tj 1.03262 0 td (e-y)tj 1.25551 0 td -0.006 tw [(ear-olds in this study)111(, who w)18(er)19(e just entering the element)19(ary schooling)]tj -2.28813 -1.20001 td 0 tc 0 tw (sy)tj 0.92578 0.00001 td -0.004 tw (stem, which is the most intense accultur)tj 17.42098 0.00001 td (ation and socializ)tj 7.49108 0 td (ation period of)tj -25.83784 -1.20002 td -0.007 tc -0.007 tw [(their liv)19(es)36(. r)19(esear)19(cher)18(s ha)19(v)18(e had str)19(ong intuitions that childr)19(en\325)36(s f)19(ascination)]tj t* -0.008 tc -0.006 tw [(with animals held some pr)19(omise of ne)19(w)1( )1(w)19(a)19(y)19(s t)19(o look at the pr)19(oblems inher-)]tj t* -0.026 tc 0.012 tw (ent in w)tj 3.4455 0 td (estern r)tj 3.11861 0.00001 td (elationships with other animals \(cobb)tj 15.40421 0.00001 td (,)tj 0.51603 0 td [(1977; livingst)19(on, 1994;)]tj -22.4843 -1.2 td 0.003 tc 0.135 tw [(nabham & t)80(rimble)56(, 1994\). the most obvious of these pr)18(oblems is that)]tj t* 0 tc 0.085 tw [(humans seem t)19(o be incr)18(easing the e)19(xtinction r)19(ate of other animals at an)]tj t* 0 tw (alarming r)tj 4.4614 0 td (ate \(ehrlich & ehrlich, 198)tj 11.37036 0.00001 td (1\). )tj et 0 0 0 0 k 72 17.4601 325 23.0399 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 170.439 33.8348 tm 0 0 0 1 k (children\325s wild animal stories: questioning inter-species bonds)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 396 17.496 24.325 23.0401 re f bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 401.1572 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (127)tj et q endstream endobj 7 0 obj << /length 6937 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 36 63 324 532.8 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 11 0 0 11 73.4846 587.4685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (methodological decisions: possibilities and constraints)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 564.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.058 tw [(one goal of this r)19(esear)18(ch pr)19(oject w)19(as t)18(o captur)19(e a moment in the liv)19(es of)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0.017 tc 0.121 tw [(kinder)19(garten and gr)18(ade 5 childr)19(en\325)37(s under)18(st)19(andings of thr)19(ee common)]tj t* 0.001 tc 0.138 tw [(canadian animals)37(.)1( )1(i)1(n)1( )1(c)1(r)19(eating a space f)19(o)1(r)1( )1(c)1(h)1(i)1(l)1(d)1(r)20(en t)19(o tell their st)18(o)1(r)1(i)1(e)1(s)38(,)1( )1(i)]tj t* -0.006 tc -0.008 tw [(w)19(anted t)18(o a)19(v)18(oid f)19(ocussing on animals e.o)92(. wilson (1992) has called \322)56(charis-)]tj 0 -1.20001 td 0 tc 0.092 tw [(matic mega-f)19(auna\323 \(lar)18(ge)56(, media popular animals lik)19(e whales)37(, bear)18(s)38(, and)]tj t* -0.004 tc -0.01 tw [(dinosaur)19(s\). instead, i ask)18(ed canadian childr)19(en t)19(o tell me st)19(ories about thr)18(ee)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.001 tc -0.013 tw [(common and f)19(amiliar animals\321bats)36(, )1(fr)18(ogs)37(, and r)19(accoons)36(. these thr)19(ee wild)]tj t* -0.006 tc -0.008 tw [(animals ar)19(e easily f)18(ound in most urban, suburban, and rur)19(al settings and all)]tj t* -0.001 tc -0.013 tw [(ar)19(e boundary cr)18(eatur)19(es mo)19(ving betw)18(een air)111(, w)19(ater)110(, and land. the bat is the)]tj t* -0.007 tc -0.007 tw [(only flying nocturnal mammal, the fr)19(og is an amphibian, and the r)18(accoon is)]tj -0.0001 tc (a)' 0.77773 0 td 0 tc 0 tw [(mask)19(ed mammal, an omniv)18(or)19(e and urban opportunist. )]tj 1.02227 -1.2 td -0.0017 tc (i)tj 0.55828 0 td -0.002 tc -0.012 tw [(chose t)19(o dr)18(a)19(w upon quantit)18(ativ)19(e and qualit)19(ativ)18(e methods in m)19(y lar)19(ger)]tj -2.35828 -1.2 td -0.021 tc 0.007 tw [(r)18(esear)19(ch pr)19(oject, which ruffled mor)19(e than a fe)18(w academic feather)19(s in both the)]tj t* 0.002 tc 0.137 tw [(natur)19(al and social sciences)36(. although m)19(y w)19(ork w)18(as clearly tr)19(ansdiscipli-)]tj t* 0.005 tc 0.134 tw [(nary)111(, this decision t)18(o use both types of methods seemed t)19(o ant)19(agoniz)19(e)]tj t* 0 tc 0.13 tw [(de)19(v)19(otees of both schools)36(. ther)19(e is contr)19(o)19(v)18(er)19(sy about the rigid boundary)]tj t* -0.009 tc -0.005 tw [(betw)19(een qualit)18(ativ)19(e and quantit)19(ativ)18(e methodologies)37(, and differ)19(ences in their)]tj t* -0.007 tc -0.007 tw [(underlying philosophical assumptions \(smith & heshusius)37(,)1( )1(1)1(9)1(8)1(6)1(\))1(.)1( )1(y)81(et, ther)18(e)]tj t* 0.001 tc 0.138 tw [(is a gr)19(o)19(wing \322dissatisf)18(action among quantit)19(ativ)19(e r)18(esear)19(cher)19(s with pur)19(ely)]tj t* 0 tc 0.004 tw [(quantified r)19(esults and qualit)18(ativ)19(e r)19(esear)18(cher)19(s ar)19(e less defensiv)18(e about their)]tj t* -0.005 tc -0.009 tw [(analy)19(sis\323 accor)18(ding t)19(o str)19(auss & corbin (1998, p. 167). decades ago, glaser)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw (and str)tj 3.09253 0 td (auss (1967) addr)tj 7.22241 0 td [(essed this quantit)19(ativ)18(e/qualit)19(ativ)19(e chasm:)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 55 292.1685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.001 tc -0.013 tw [(w)93(e belie)18(v)19(e that each f)19(orm of dat)18(a is useful f)19(or both v)19(erification and gener)18(ation)]tj 0 -1.23529 td -0.004 tc -0.01 tw (of theory)tj 3.76791 0 td -0.0043 tc (,)tj 0.5377 0 td -0.004 tc 0 tw (whate)tj 2.58987 0 td 0 tc (v)tj 0.47702 0 td -0.004 tc -0.01 tw (er the primac)tj 5.74027 0.00001 td -0.0043 tc (y)tj 0.77865 0 td -0.004 tc [(of emphasis)37(. primac)18(y depends only on the cir-)]tj -13.89142 -1.2353 td 0 tc -0.003 tw [(cumst)19(ances of r)18(esear)19(ch, on the inter)19(ests and tr)18(aining of the r)19(esear)19(cher and on)]tj 0 -1.23529 td -0.01 tc -0.004 tw [(the kinds of material [needed f)19(or] theory)110(. in man)19(y inst)19(ances)36(, both f)19(orms of dat)19(a)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw (ar)tj 0.85107 0 td -0.0001 tc (e)tj 0.77779 0 td 0 tc (necessary)tj 4.16631 0 td -0.0001 tc (.)tj 0.55573 0 td 0 tc ((p. 17-18))tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 55 228.1685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (f)tj 0.46927 0 td -0.0118 tc (or)tj 1.14737 0 td -0.012 tc -0.002 tw (the purposes of this paper)tj 10.85445 0 td -0.0118 tc (,)tj 0.53015 0 td (i)tj 0.54815 0 td -0.012 tc (will discuss one qualit)tj 9.14881 0 td 0 tw (ativ)tj 1.50817 0 td -0.0119 tc (e)tj 0.75204 0 td (w)tj 0.72852 0 td -0.012 tc -0.002 tw (edge of the)tj -27.48693 -1.20001 td 0 tc 0.037 tw (whole methodological pr)tj 10.75865 0 td 0 tw [(ocess)37(.)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 7 0 0 7 170.5093 218.4785 tm 0 0 0 1 k (2)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 177.5469 216.1685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (i)tj 0.61061 0 td 0 tc 0.037 tw (collected thr)tj 5.35189 0 td [(ee f)19(orms of kno)18(wledge with)]tj -20.01719 -1.2 td 0.065 tw (each child\321intervie)tj 8.65665 0 td (w)tj 0.73999 0 td (s)tj 0.38892 0 td -0.0002 tc (,)tj 0.62069 0 td 0 tc 0 tw (st)tj 0.722 0 td (ories)tj 2.05444 0 td -0.0001 tc (,)tj 0.62086 0 td 0 tc 0.065 tw (and dr)tj 2.8797 0 td (a)tj 0.4812 0 td 0 tw (wings)tj 2.48047 0 td -0.0001 tc (.)tj 0.62087 0 td 0 tc 0.065 tw (each f)tj 2.73174 0 td [(orm offer)19(ed differing)]tj -22.99753 -1.20003 td -0.005 tc 0 tw (appr)tj 1.94504 0 td -0.009 tw (oaches t)tj 3.5103 0 td -0.0046 tc (o)tj 0.79641 0 td -0.005 tc 0 tw (addr)tj 1.94498 0 td -0.009 tw (ess the theories and concepts in question, and helped t)tj 23.46635 0 td 0 tc (o)tj -31.66308 -1.20001 td -0.012 tc -0.002 tw [(triangulate the dat)19(a (guba & lincoln, 1983). in individual intervie)18(w)19(s childr)18(e)-1(n)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0 tc (t)tj 0.29614 0 td 0 tw [(alk)19(ed about their: )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 9.5 0 0 9.5 37 146.1685 tm 0 0 0 1 k [-1016(demogr)19(aphic backgr)19(ound;)]tj 0 -1.26315 td [-1016(hist)19(orical e)19(xperiences with pets)36(, z)19(oos)36(, camping, media et)19(c)19(.; )]tj 0 -1.26316 td tj 1.51579 0.00001 td (gener)tj 2.42505 0.00001 td (al r)tj 1.36986 0.00001 td [(elationship t)19(o, and belief)18(s about, wild animals and natur)19(e; )]tj -5.3107 -1.2632 td -0.001 tc -0.013 tw [-1017(st)19(ory and dr)18(a)19(wing of human\(s\) and each animal \(bats)37(, fr)19(ogs)37(, and r)18(accoons\); )]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw [-1016(hist)19(orical e)19(xperiences with each animal; )]tj ' 1.5158 0 td (belief)tj 2.3518 0 td -0.0001 tc (s)tj 0.7038 0 td 0 tc (and attitudes about each animal; )tj -4.5714 -1.2632 td [-1016(cognitiv)19(e kno)19(wledge of bats)36(, fr)19(og, and r)19(accoons; )]tj et 0 0 0 0 k 37 17.496 323 23.0401 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 38 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (leesa fawcett)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 14.111 17.496 21.888 23.0401 re f bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 15.1108 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (128)tj et q endstream endobj 8 0 obj << /length 6389 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 72 63 324 532.8 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 9.5 0 0 9.5 73 588.3035 tm 0 0 0 1 k [-1016(h)19(ypothetical pr)19(oblem-solving with each animal; and )]tj 0 -1.26316 td [-1016(pr)19(efer)19(ences f)18(or each animal.)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 91 555.395 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.009 tc -0.005 tw [(dr)19(a)18(wing is a comf)19(ort)19(able and accessible mode of e)19(xpr)18(ession f)19(or 5 t)19(o 1)160(1-)]tj -1.8 -1.2 td -0.002 tc -0.012 tw [(y)19(ear-old childr)18(en because the)19(y can e)19(xpr)18(ess attitudes and concerns in dr)19(a)19(w)-1(-)]tj 0 -1.20001 td 0 tc 0.001 tw [(ings that the)19(y ma)18(y not y)19(et ha)19(v)18(e w)19(or)19(ds f)18(or \(k)37(oppitz, 1983\). i per)19(ceiv)18(e thr)19(ee)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0 tw [(benefits of using st)19(orytelling and dr)18(a)19(wing including: )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 9.5 0 0 9.5 73 495.3951 tm 0 0 0 1 k [-1016(the)19(y ar)19(e f)18(amiliar methods f)19(or childr)19(en; )]tj 0 -1.26316 td tj 1.51579 0 td [(the)19(y can t)18(ap a deeper le)19(v)19(el of attitudinal r)19(esponse; and )]tj -1.51579 -1.26316 td [-1016(the)19(y ar)19(e less leading than simple questionnair)18(es)37(. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 446.3951 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.006 tc -0.008 tw [(although, dr)19(a)19(wings ar)18(e a contr)19(o)19(v)19(er)18(sial pr)19(ojectiv)19(e technique in psy)18(chological)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0 tc -0.005 tw [(r)19(esear)19(ch with childr)18(en \(cummings)37(, 1986\), envir)19(onment)18(al r)19(esear)19(cher)19(s ha)18(v)19(e)]tj t* 0.006 tw [(used the technique successfully f)19(or its descriptiv)18(e and quantifiable content)]tj t* 0 tw [(\(r)19(ejeski, 1982\).)]tj 1.8 -1.2 td (the f)tj 2.18554 0 td [(orm of narr)19(ativ)18(e analy)19(sis used in this study w)19(as a combination of)]tj -3.98554 -1.20001 td 0.007 tc 0.131 tw [(quantit)19(ativ)18(e content analy)19(sis \(holsti, 1969; kline)56(, 1982\) and qualit)18(ativ)19(e)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0.02 tc 0.118 tw [(methods based on gr)19(ounded theory \(glaser)110(, 1978; r)19(ennie)56(, phillips)36(, &)]tj t* 0.002 tc 0.136 tw [(quart)19(ar)18(o, 1988\). gr)19(ounded theory is quite amenable t)19(o both qualit)18(ativ)19(e)]tj t* 0 tc 0.102 tw [(and quantit)19(ativ)18(e combinations)37(, as str)19(auss and corbin (1998) point out. i)]tj t* -0.02 tc 0.006 tw [(w)19(ork)19(ed with o)18(v)19(er 177 childr)19(en and quantit)19(ativ)19(e content analy)18(sis w)19(as one w)18(a)19(y)]tj t* -0.006 tc -0.008 tw [(t)19(o r)19(eliably honour their st)18(ories)37(, ideas)37(, and dr)18(a)19(wings)37(. a)37(t the same time)56(, i w)18(as)]tj t* -0.021 tc 0.007 tw [(mindful of feminist critiques of science and their concern that claims of v)19(alue-)]tj t* 0 tc 0.111 tw [(neutr)19(ality ar)18(e often equated with quantification \(har)19(a)19(w)19(a)19(y)111(, 1989; birk)18(e &)]tj t* -0.016 tc 0.002 tw [(hubbar)19(d, 1995\), and so i conducted the quantit)18(ativ)19(e analy)19(sis with codes gen-)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw [(er)19(ated fr)18(om a car)19(eful r)19(eading of the childr)18(en\325)37(s intervie)19(w)19(s and st)19(ories)36(. )]tj 1.8 -1.2 td -0.002 tc -0.012 tw [(the childr)19(en\325)36(s fr)19(eedom t)19(o join the r)18(esear)19(ch, or not, w)19(as v)18(ery import)19(ant)]tj -1.8 -1.2 td 0 tc 0.01 tw [(t)19(o me)56(, as w)18(as the cooper)19(ation of the teacher)19(s)37(, whose w)18(ork)19(da)19(y)19(s i w)18(ould be)]tj t* -0.018 tc 0.004 tw [(interrupting. a stringent r)19(esear)18(ch agr)19(eement w)19(as signed and appr)19(o)18(v)19(ed b)18(y the)]tj t* 0 tc 0.015 tw [(participating boar)19(d of education and ethical appr)18(o)19(v)19(al w)19(as gr)18(anted b)19(y y)80(ork)]tj t* -0.004 tc 0 tw (univ)tj 1.96379 0 td (er)tj 0.84249 0 td -0.005 tc (sity)tj 1.3903 0 td -0.0044 tc (.)tj 0.53757 0 td -0.004 tc -0.01 tw (in consult)tj 4.16857 0 td (ation with the dir)tj 7.48501 0 td 0 tw (ect)tj 1.24615 0 td -0.01 tw (or of education, f)tj 7.37416 0 td [(our schools w)19(er)18(e)]tj -25.00804 -1.20002 td 0 tc 0.111 tw (selected with f)tj 6.46285 0 td (amilies in the middle socio-economic r)tj 17.2931 0 td 0 tw (ange)tj 2.01807 0 td -0.0001 tc (.)tj 0.6668 0 td (i)tj 0.6848 0 td 0 tc [(appr)19(oached)]tj -27.12562 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3.13053 0 td -0.0002 tc (s)tj 0.70367 0 td 0 tc (hair)tj 1.57367 0 td -0.0002 tc (.)tj 0.55565 0 td (a)tj 0.90765 0 td 0 tc [(1)56(0-y)18(ear-old bo)19(y r)19(elated this st)18(ory:)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 55 323.4874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.013 tw [(the bat sa)19(w the per)18(son and the per)19(son got scar)19(ed because bats lik)19(e t)18(o go int)19(o)]tj 0 -1.23529 td -0.007 tc 0 tw (people\325)tj 3.08394 0 td -0.0068 tc (s)tj 0.68323 0 td -0.007 tc -0.007 tw (hair and get caught. i think. and the)tj 15.33319 0 td [(y\325r)19(e blind and the)18(y can\325t r)19(eally see)]tj -19.10035 -1.2353 td 0 tc 0.004 tw (that good. the bat got caught in the per)tj 17.1634 0 td 0 tw (son\325)tj 1.77759 0 td -0.0001 tc (s)tj 0.70775 0 td 0 tc 0.004 tw (hair and he couldn\325t get it out so)tj -19.64874 -1.2353 td -0.018 tc [(he had t)19(o go t)18(o this other per)19(son\325)37(s house t)19(o try and get it out. the)18(y had t)19(o cut the)]tj 0 -1.23529 td -0.009 tc 0 tw (per)tj 1.38057 0 td -0.005 tw [(son\325)37(s hair in places t)18(o pull it out. the per)19(son w)19(as kind of sad because he had)]tj -1.38057 -1.2353 td 0 tc (t)tj 0.29614 0 td -0.0001 tc (o)tj 0.85457 0 td 0 tc 0.04 tw (get his hair cut and it didn\325t look t)tj 14.96643 0 td (oo good and it hurt because the bat w)tj 16.68889 0 td 0 tw (as)tj -32.80603 -1.2353 td -0.005 tc -0.009 tw (pulling - the bat w)tj 7.64259 0 td (as trying t)tj 4.23808 0 td -0.0054 tc (o)tj 0.79555 0 td -0.005 tc (get out t)tj 3.49013 0 td (oo. the bat w)tj 5.8126 0 td (as pr)tj 2.07532 0 td (etty scar)tj 3.60962 0.00001 td (ed because he)tj -27.6639 -1.23531 td 0 tc 0 tw (didn\325t kno)tj 4.42602 0.00001 td -0.0002 tc (w)tj 1.03668 0 td 0 tc [(wher)19(e he w)18(as because the)19(y\325r)19(e blind, almost perfectly blind. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 227.4874 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(the fear of bats often led t)19(o their death as this 1)55(0-y)19(ear-old tells:)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 55 206.4874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.02 tc 0.006 tw (sometimes when a per)tj 9.58104 0 td (son meets a bat the)tj 8.1454 0 td -0.0201 tc (y)tj 0.7629 0 td -0.02 tc (get r)tj 1.84996 0 td (eally scar)tj 3.82471 0 td (ed. a bat sw)tj 5.11236 0 td (ooped int)tj 3.91865 0 td 0 tc (o)tj -33.19501 -1.23531 td -0.014 tw [(our house and sw)19(ooped ar)18(ound all o)19(v)19(er and i hid underneath a t)19(able)56(. my mom)]tj 0 -1.23529 td (w)tj 0.7294 0 td -0.011 tc -0.003 tw (as huddled in a corner)tj 9.32786 0 td -0.0107 tc (.)tj 0.53124 0 td -0.011 tc (and m)tj 2.85142 0 td -0.0107 tc (y)tj 0.77225 0 td -0.011 tc [(dad used his tennis r)19(acquet t)18(o sw)19(at at the bat.)]tj -14.21217 -1.2353 td 0 tc -0.012 tw (and he sw)tj 4.5126 0 td [(atted it. i think m)19(y dad killed it and put it in a bag and chuck)18(ed it in)]tj -4.5126 -1.2353 td 0.005 tc 0.134 tw [(the garbage)56(. \(after r)18(eflecting on her dr)19(a)19(wing, she added\), i think the bat\325)36(s)]tj 0 -1.23529 td 0 tc 0 tw (mor)tj 1.77686 0.00001 td -0.0001 tc (e)tj 0.77782 0 td 0 tc [(afr)19(aid of us than w)18(e ar)19(e of him. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 55 131.4874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0178 tc (i)tj 0.54205 0 td -0.018 tc 0.004 tw [(w)19(onder)18(ed wh)19(y ther)19(e w)18(as such a differ)19(ence betw)18(een 5-y)19(ear-olds and 1)56(0-)]tj -2.3421 -1.2 td 0.001 tw [(y)16(e)-2(ar-olds)37(, and if it had t)18(o do with age or schooling. older childr)19(en kno)19(w mor)18(e)]tj t* -0.017 tc [(f)19(acts about animals \(as the kno)19(wledge scales i de)18(v)19(eloped sho)19(w\), but the)19(y also)]tj t* -0.005 tc -0.012 tw [(belie)19(v)19(e mor)18(e of the f)19(olklor)19(e about the animals)36(. their age giv)19(es them gr)19(eater)]tj t* -0.027 tc 0.013 tw [(a)3(c)3(cess t)19(o buy dominant cultur)18(al curr)19(enc)19(y in w)92(estern ideas about animals)37(.)1( )1(w)1(h)20(y)]tj t* 0 tc 0.095 tw [(does this cultur)19(al curr)18(enc)19(y seem t)19(o r)18(epr)19(oduce\321negativ)19(e)56(, anxious)36(, fearful)]tj et 0 0 0 0 k 37 17.496 323 23.0401 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 38 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (leesa fawcett)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 14.111 17.496 21.888 23.0401 re f bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 15.1108 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (132)tj et q endstream endobj 12 0 obj << /length 6174 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 72 63 324 532.8 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 587.9617 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.027 tc 0.013 tw [(notions about common and f)19(amiliar animals? surprisingly)111(, it w)18(as a y)19(oung child)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.024 tc 0.01 tw [(that w)19(as conscious of the negativ)19(e media image of bats)36(, as his st)19(ory illustr)19(ates:)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 91 554.9617 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.038 tw [(the bo)19(y got lost and he w)18(ent int)19(o a tunnel because he w)19(as sad and he met a)]tj 0 -1.23529 td -0.021 tc 0.007 tw [(f)-1(r)-1(i)-1(e)-1(n)-1(d)-1(l)-1(y)-1( )-1(b)-1(a)-1(t)-1( )-1(a)-1(n)-1(d)-1( )-1(t)-1(h)-1(e)-1( )-1(b)-1(a)-1(t)-1( )-1(t)18(old him, \322i\325ll sho)18(w y)19(ou wher)19(e a home is so y)18(ou can liv)19(e)55<2ed3>]tj t* 0 tc 0.015 tw [(the bo)19(y r)18(an a)19(w)19(a)19(y because he w)18(as scar)19(ed of bats because he w)19(at)19(ches t)129(.v)111(. and)]tj t* -0.021 tc 0.007 tw [(ther)19<65d5>36(s mean bats on the cart)19(oons)37(. the bat felt sad because the bo)18(y r)19(an a)19(w)19(a)19(y and)]tj 0 -1.2353 td 0 tc 0 tw [(he w)19(as just being r)18(eally nice)56(. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 91 490.4616 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.001 tc 0.138 tw [(what kno)19(wledge do the y)18(ounger childr)19(en ha)19(v)19(e that the)18(y potentially)]tj -1.8 -1.2 td 0 tc 0.032 tw [(lose)56(, or perhaps bury as the)18(y ar)19(e schooled and institutionally r)19(egulated b)18(y)]tj t* 0.011 tw [(dominant cultur)19(al te)18(xts and media st)19(ories? what does this ha)19(v)19(e t)18(o do with)]tj t* 0 tw [(questions of friendship betw)19(een species?)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 11 0 0 11 179.4727 420.8616 tm 0 0 0 1 k (inter-species friendship)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 398.0616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.012 tc -0.008 tw [(friendship is a v)19(ery particular e)19(v)18(ery)19(da)18(y r)19(elationship, inv)19(olving one subject t)18(o)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.011 tc [(another)111(. the innumer)18(able st)19(ories about friendship betw)19(een the y)19(ounger chil)-1(-)]tj t* [(dr)19(en and the animals w)18(er)19(e not about natur)19(e as spect)18(acle)56(.)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 7 0 0 7 313.0504 376.3716 tm 0 0 0 1 k (3)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 319.448 374.0616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.011 tc -0.008 tw [(nor w)19(er)18(e the)19(y the)]tj -24.6448 -1.2 td -0.014 tc -0.006 tw [(basis of a \322spect)19(at)18(or epistemology\323 complete with its unequal po)19(w)19(er balance)]tj t* -0.03 tc 0.01 tw [(and potentially imperial use of empath)19(y \(code)55(, 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endless animal allegories)37(, st)18(ories)37(, mo)19(vies)36(, and cart)19(oon ani-)]tj t* -0.019 tc 0.005 tw [(mals t)19(o teach them implicit mor)18(als and v)19(alues while entert)19(aining them. then,)]tj 0 -1.19999 td -0.013 tc -0.001 tw [(as these humans \322gr)19(o)19(w up\323 w)18(e encour)19(age them t)19(o separ)18(ate fr)19(om animals)37(, t)19(o)]tj t* -0.005 tc -0.009 tw (disappear animalness fr)tj 10.19808 0.00001 td (om their liv)tj 4.88358 0.00001 td 0 tw (es)tj 0.87881 0.00001 td -0.0052 tc (,)tj 0.53683 0 td -0.005 tc -0.009 tw [(\(unless the)19(y become field biologists\).)]tj -16.4973 -1.2 td 0.011 tc 0.128 tw [(it has e)19(v)19(en been claimed that childr)18(en ma)19(y dr)19(eam about animals)37(, but)]tj t* -0.009 tc -0.005 tw [(matur)19(e adults should no longer ha)18(v)19(e animals in their dr)19(eams \(v)92(an de castle)56(,)]tj t* -0.017 tc 0.003 tw (1983\). it is a common belief in w)tj 13.93971 0.00001 td (estern cultur)tj 5.18742 0.00001 td -0.0172 tc (e)tj 0.74685 0 td -0.017 tc [(that human maturity inv)19(olv)18(es)]tj -19.874 -1.2 td -0.0147 tc (a)tj 0.7493 0 td -0.015 tc 0.001 tw [(critical separ)19(ation fr)18(om the animal part of us)37(. as psy)19(chiatrist aar)19(on k)36(at)19(cher)]tj et 0 0 0 0 k 72 17.4601 325 23.0399 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 170.439 33.8348 tm 0 0 0 1 k (children\325s wild animal stories: questioning inter-species bonds)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 396 17.496 24.325 23.0401 re f bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 401.1572 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (133)tj et q endstream endobj 13 0 obj << /length 6410 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 36 63 324 532.8 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 587.9617 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.012 tc -0.002 tw [((1982) analyz)19(es)36(, the child must die t)19(o giv)19(e birth t)18(o the adult. what if this v)19(er-)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0.001 tc 0.137 tw [(sion of the \322death\323 of the child is one of the r)18(easons ther)19(e is a lack of)]tj 0 -1.20001 td 0 tc 0 tw 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r)18(ole other species \(lik)19(e wild)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw [(animals\) ma)19(y pla)18(y in child de)19(v)19(elopment. )]tj 1.8 -1.2 td -0.006 tc -0.008 tw [(an e)19(x)18(ception is edith cobb\325)37(s (1977) book, )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 10 0 0 10 236.7435 455.9616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.005 tc -0.008 tw (the ecology of imagination in)tj -19.97435 -1.2 td 0 tc 0 tw (childhood)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 78.3013 443.9616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (,)tj 0.69162 0 td 0 tc 0.136 tw [(an e)19(xtensiv)18(e w)19(ork on the aut)19(obiogr)18(aphies of geniuses)37(, which)]tj -4.82175 -1.2 td -0.004 tw [(demonstr)19(ates childr)18(en\325)37(s bodily inv)19(olv)19(ement with the living w)18(orld and their)]tj t* 0.09 tw [(sense of inter)19(dependent belonging t)18(o a mor)19(e-than-human w)19(orld \(abr)18(am,)]tj t* -0.005 tw [(1996\). cobb belie)19(v)18(ed that)1( the flo)18(w)19(ering of human genius is actually r)19(ooted)]tj t* -0.01 tc -0.004 tw [(in a 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w)18(er)19(e no animals)37(.\323 w)92(e do w)19(ant the w)19(orld t)18(o be aliv)19(e)55(. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 11 0 0 11 184.2285 194.3616 tm 0 0 0 1 k (notes)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 7 0 0 7 37 173.8716 tm 0 0 0 1 k (1)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 9.5 0 0 9.5 51.4 171.5616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.014 tc (thr)tj 1.42271 0 td -0.013 tc -0.001 tw [(o)1(u)1(g)1(h)1(o)1(u)1(t)1( t)1(h)1(i)1(s)1( p)1(a)1(p)1(e)1(r)112(,)1( i)1( r)19(efer )-1(t)19(o)1( w)94(estern )-1(dominant )-1(cultur)19(e)1(s)1( a)1(n)1(d)1( p)1(r)19(actices )-1(not)]tj -1.42271 -1.26316 td 0 tc (t)tj 0.28408 0 td -0.0122 tc (o)tj 0.78883 0 td -0.012 tc -0.002 tw [(homogeniz)19(e the huge div)18(er)19(sity of cultur)19(al offerings in canada but r)18(ather t)19(o)]tj -1.07292 -1.26315 td 0 tc 0 tw [(situate m)19(y)19(self in m)18(y o)19(wn conte)19(xt.)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 7 0 0 7 37 137.8716 tm 0 0 0 1 k (2)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 9.5 0 0 9.5 51.4 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q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 9.5 0 0 9.5 207.1706 87.5616 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.001 tc 0.128 tw [(spect)19(acular natur)18(e: corpor)19(ate cultur)19(e)]tj -16.3969 -1.2632 td 0 tc 0 tw [(and the sea w)38(orld e)18(xperience)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 9.5 0 0 9.5 167.7773 75.5616 tm 0 0 0 1 k (.)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 37 17.496 323 23.0401 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 38 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (leesa fawcett)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 14.111 17.496 21.888 23.0401 re f bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 15.1108 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (136)tj et q endstream endobj 16 0 obj << /length 8470 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 72 63 324 532.8 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 7 0 0 7 73 590.0131 tm 0 0 0 1 k (4)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 9.5 0 0 9.5 87.4 587.7031 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.014 tc [(ther)19(e ar)18(e w)19(onderful e)19(x)18(ceptions t)19(o this gener)19(aliz)18(ation, such as dr)111(. seuss\325)37(s f)18(an-)]tj 0 -1.26316 td 0 tc 0.057 tw [(t)19(astic st)19(ories and the r)18(ecent childr)19(en\325)37(s trilogy b)18(y philip pullman (1998). in)]tj t* -0.003 tc 0 tw [(seuss\325)37(s )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 9.5 0 0 9.5 118.9183 563.7031 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.003 tc -0.01 tw [(on be)19(y)18(ond z)37(ebr)19(a)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 9.5 0 0 9.5 187.4727 563.7031 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.003 tc -0.011 tw [(the child r)19(efuses t)18(o be limited b)19(y the english alpha-)]tj -10.53397 -1.26316 td -0.008 tc -0.006 tw [(bet and sa)19(y)19(s: \322in the places i go ther)19(e ar)18(e things that i see/that i ne)19(v)19(er could)]tj t* -0.003 tc -0.011 tw [(spell if i st)19(opped with the z\323 \(in r)18(a)19(ymo, 1993, p. 23\). ex)19(cellent e)18(x)19(amples of)]tj t* 0 tc 0.064 tw [(bat fiction include k)37(enneth oppel\325)37(s (1997) )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 9.5 0 0 9.5 267.7165 527.7031 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(silv)19(erwing)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 9.5 0 0 9.5 312.2914 527.7031 tm 0 0 0 1 k (and )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 9.5 0 0 9.5 331.0266 527.7031 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.06 tw [(the bat-p)37(oet)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 9.5 0 0 9.5 384.9687 527.7031 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.019 tc (by)tj -31.32302 -1.26315 td 0 tc [(r)19(andall jarr)19(ell (1996).)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 7 0 0 7 73 506.0131 tm 0 0 0 1 k (5)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 9.5 0 0 9.5 87.4 503.7031 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(see l. f)56(a)19(w)19(cett, 1989. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 11 0 0 11 189.6025 470.1031 tm 0 0 0 1 k (acknowledgements)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 447.3031 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (i)tj 0.57987 0 td 0 tc 0.006 tw [(w)19(ould lik)18(e t)19(o thank the anon)19(ymous r)18(e)19(vie)19(w)19(er)18(s f)19(or their critical feedback. i)]tj -0.57987 -1.2 td 0.006 tc 0.133 tw [(gr)19(atefully ackno)18(wledge the financial support of the social sciences and)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw [(humanities r)19(esear)18(ch council of canada.)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 11 0 0 11 185.5769 389.7031 tm 0 0 0 1 k (notes on contributor)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f11 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 366.9031 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.101 tw [(l)19(eesa f)56(a)19(w)19(cett)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 140.127 366.9031 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.095 tw [(is pr)19(ofessor in the f)55(aculty of envir)19(onment)19(al studies)37(, y)79(ork)]tj -6.7127 -1.2 td 0 tw (univ)tj 1.98096 0 td [(er)19(sity)110(, t)88(or)18(ont)19(o, ont)19(ario, canada.)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 11 0 0 11 207.7622 321.3031 tm 0 0 0 1 k (references)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 73 298.5031 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.004 tc 0.135 tw [(abr)19(am, d. (1996). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 146.0346 298.5031 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.004 tc 0.125 tw (the spell of the sensuous: perception and language in a more-than-)tj -6.17458 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0 tw (human world)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 137.7292 286.5031 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (.)tj 0.55565 0 td 0 tc (ne)tj 1.16603 0 td -0.0003 tc (w)tj 1.03646 0 td (y)tj 0.53118 0 td 0 tc (ork: p)tj 2.49926 0 td (antheon books)tj 6.40772 0 td (.)tj -19.8115 -1.41178 td (bachelar)tj 3.70361 0 td (d, g. (1969). )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 152.6605 274.5031 tm 0 0 0 1 k (the poetics of space)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 223.4641 274.5031 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (.)tj 0.55561 0 td 0 tc (bost)tj 1.85162 0 td (on: beacon pr)tj 6.03589 0 td [(ess)37(.)]tj -26.14478 -1.41177 td [(ber)19(ger)110(, j. (1980). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 136.5902 262.5031 tm 0 0 0 1 k (about looking)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 185.5316 262.5031 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (.)tj 0.55565 0 td 0 tc [(ne)19(w y)79(ork: p)56(antheon books)]tj -13.79467 -1.41176 td (ber)tj 1.44385 0 td 0.05 tw (gman, c. (1990). )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 150.7623 250.5031 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.046 tw (wild echoes: encounters with the most endangered animals in north)tj -6.73078 -1.41176 td 0 tw (america)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 120.418 238.5031 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (.)tj 0.55573 0 td 0 tc (anchor)tj 3.11053 0 td (age: alask)tj 4.35229 0 td -0.0001 tc (a)tj 0.77772 0 td 0 tc [(northw)19(est books)36(.)]tj -14.37486 -1.41177 td -0.006 tc -0.008 tw [(birk)19(e)55(, l. & hubbar)19(d, r. \(eds)37(.\). \(1995\). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 211.5991 226.5031 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.005 tc -0.008 tw (reinventing biology: respect for life and the creation)tj -13.88805 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0 tw (of knowledge)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 137.2478 214.5031 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (.)tj 0.55575 0 td 0 tc (bloomingt)tj 4.4252 0 td (on: indiana univ)tj 7.18385 0 td (er)tj 0.85107 0 td (sity pr)tj 2.72118 0.00001 td (ess)tj 1.3147 0 td (.)tj -24.61032 -1.41178 td (br)tj 0.94492 0 td 0.138 tw [(onfenbr)19(enner)110(, u. (1977). t)88(o)19(w)18(ar)19(d an e)18(xperiment)19(al ecology of human de)19(v)18(elopment.)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 91 190.5031 tm 0 0 0 1 k (american psychologist)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 171.2416 190.5031 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0003 tc (,)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 175.9647 190.5031 tm 0 0 0 1 k (32)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 184.7843 190.5031 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (,)tj 0.55558 0 td 0 tc [(5)56(13-53)55(1.)]tj -13.70667 -1.41176 td (cobb)tj 2.20361 0 td -0.0001 tc (,)tj 0.56135 0 td 0 tc 0.006 tw (e. (1977). )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 134.8533 178.5031 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.005 tw (the ecology of imagination in childhood)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 275.5727 178.5031 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (.)tj 0.56126 0 td 0 tc (ne)tj 1.16603 0 td -0.0003 tc (w)tj 1.04207 0 td (y)tj 0.53117 0 td 0 tc 0.006 tw (ork: columbia univ)tj 8.38037 0 td 0 tw (er)tj 0.85108 0.00001 td (sity)tj -34.24643 -1.41178 td [(pr)19(ess)36(.)]tj -2.11765 -1.41177 td [(code)56(, l. (1995). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 133.6061 154.5031 tm 0 0 0 1 k (rhetorical spaces: essays on gendered locations)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 302.5519 154.5031 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (.)tj 0.55565 0 td 0 tc [(ne)19(w y)79(ork: r)19(outledge)56(.)]tj -27.56176 -1.41176 td -0.021 tc 0.007 tw [(cummings)37(, j. (1986). pr)18(ojectiv)19(e dr)19(a)18(wings)37(. in h. knoff (ed.), )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 283.4687 142.5031 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.02 tc 0.007 tw (the assessment of child and ado-)tj -22.64338 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0 tw [(lescent per)19(sonality )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 158.9502 130.5031 tm 0 0 0 1 k [((pp. 199-244). ne)19(w y)79(ork: the guilf)19(or)18(d pr)19(ess)37(.)]tj -10.1118 -1.4118 td 0.036 tw [(da)19(vis)36(, s. (1997). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 136.2669 118.5031 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.034 tw (spectacular nature: corporate vulture and the sea world experience)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 377.6948 118.5031 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (.)tj 0.59206 0 td -0.019 tc [(lo)-19(s)]tj -34.3209 -1.4118 td 0 tc [(angeles: univ)19(er)18(sity of calif)19(ornia pr)19(ess)36(. )]tj -2.1176 -1.4118 td 0.003 tw [(ehrlich, p)148(. & ehrlich, a. \(198)56(1\). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 189.0273 94.5031 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.003 tw (extinction: the causes and consequences of the disappear-)tj -11.2325 -1.4118 td 0 tw (ance of species)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 143.6954 82.5031 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (.)tj 0.55565 0 td 0 tc [(ne)19(w y)79(ork: r)19(andom house)56(. )]tj et 0 0 0 0 k 72 17.4601 325 23.0399 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 170.439 33.8348 tm 0 0 0 1 k (children\325s wild animal stories: questioning inter-species bonds)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 396 17.496 24.325 23.0401 re f bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 401.1572 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (137)tj et q endstream endobj 17 0 obj << /length 11879 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 36 63 324 532.8 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 37 588.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.01 tc -0.004 tw [(ev)19(ernden, n. (1992). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 114.1938 588.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.009 tc -0.004 tw (the social creation of nature)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 212.5297 588.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0097 tc (.)tj 0.53224 0 td -0.01 tc -0.004 tw [(baltimor)19(e: the john hopkins univ)18(er)19(sity)]tj -19.06514 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0 tw [(pr)19(ess)36(.)]tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td (f)tj 0.48074 -0.00001 td -0.014 tw [(a)19(w)19(cett, l. (1989). anthr)19(opomorphism: in the w)19(eb of cultur)18(e)56(.)1( )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 263.7498 564.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0003 tc (u)tj 0.64767 -0.00001 td 0 tc (ndercurrents)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 314.4001 564.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0006 tc (,)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 319.0034 564.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (1)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 323.4115 564.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0003 tc (,)tj 0.54162 -0.00001 td 0 tc ((spring),)tj -32.11945 -1.41176 td (14-20.)tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td -0.02 tc 0.006 tw [(f)56(a)19(w)20(cett, l. (2002). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 104.0738 540.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.019 tc 0.006 tw (biological conservation of common and familiar animals: the roles of expe-)tj -5.47331 -1.41176 td 0.021 tc 0.12 tw (rience, age and gender in children\325s attitudes towards bats, frogs and raccoons)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 356.6382 528.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (.)tj -35.48685 -1.41176 td [(unpublished phd dissert)19(ation. t)87(or)19(ont)19(o: y)79(ork univ)19(er)19(sity)110(.)]tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td -0.019 tc 0.005 tw [(glaser)111(, b)36(. (1978). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 98.6024 504.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.018 tc 0.005 tw (theoretical sensitivity: advances in the methodology of grounded theory)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 341.8211 504.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0192 tc (.)tj 0.52278 0 td -0.019 tc (mill)tj -34.26644 -1.41176 td 0 tc [(v)93(alle)19(y)111(, c)36(a: the sociology pr)19(ess)37(. )]tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td -0.009 tc -0.005 tw [(glaser)111(, b)36(. and str)19(auss)37(, a. (1967). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 155.4074 480.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.009 tc -0.004 tw (the discovery of grounded theory: strategies for qualitative)tj -11.51255 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0 tw (research)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 85.0447 468.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (.)tj 0.55578 0 td 0 tc [(chicago: aldine publishing compan)19(y)111(.)]tj -6.2081 -1.41176 td 0.038 tw [(guba, e. & lincoln, y)130(. (1983). epistemological and methodological bases of natur)18(alistic)]tj 2.11765 -1.41176 td 0.014 tc 0.125 tw [(inquiry)111(. in g. madaus)36(, m. scriv)19(en, & d. stufflebeam \(eds)37(.\), )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 289.25 444.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.013 tc 0.116 tw (evaluation models:)tj -27.25874 -1.41176 td -0.012 tc -0.001 tw (viewpoints on educational and human services evalution)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 251.3282 432.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.013 tc -0.001 tw [(\(pp. 3)56(1)161(1-333\). bost)18(on: kluw)19(er-)]tj -23.09744 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0 tw (nijhoff publishing. )tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td -0.017 tc 0.003 tw [(har)19(a)18(w)19(a)18(y)111(, d. (1989). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 109.4828 408.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.016 tc 0.003 tw (primate visions: gender, race, and nature in the world of modern science)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 356.6409 408.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (.)tj -35.48717 -1.41177 td [(ne)19(w y)79(ork: r)19(outledge)56(.)]tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td 0.012 tw [(holsti, o)93(. (1969). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 102.0032 384.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.011 tw (content analysis for the social sciences and humanities)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 296.7792 384.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (.)tj 0.56741 0 td 0 tc 0.012 tw [(r)19(eading, mass)36(.:)]tj -29.01203 -1.41176 td (a)tj 0.57398 0 td 0 tw [(ddison-w)93(esle)18(y)111(.)]tj -2.69162 -1.41176 td [(jarr)19(ell, r. (1996). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 101.6942 360.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (the bat-poet)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 148.1163 360.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k [((2nd edition). t)88(or)18(ont)19(o: harpercollins)37(.)]tj -13.07251 -1.41176 td (k)tj 0.62907 0 td 0.018 tc (at)tj 0.83213 0 td (cher)tj 1.8498 0 td 0.0178 tc (,)tj 0.71262 0 td 0.018 tc 0.121 tw (a. (1982). )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 113.6696 348.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.017 tc 0.113 tw (the dog: symbol and reality)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 219.5062 348.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.0179 tc (.)tj 0.71271 0 td 0.018 tc 0.121 tw (annual meeting of the society f)tj 14.77354 0 td 0 tw (or)tj -34.83992 -1.41177 td 0 tc [(compar)19(ativ)18(e animal studies)37(. hotel ar)19(cade)56(, p)55(aris)37(, mar)19(ch 13-14.)]tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td (k)tj 0.61108 0 td 0.08 tw (ellert, s. 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(1987). the educational potential of the z)19(oo and its visit)18(or)111(. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 275.1319 300.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.025 tc 0.012 tw (philadelphia zoo review)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 356.6395 300.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (,)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 55 288.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (3)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 59.4098 288.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (,)tj 0.55568 0 td 0 tc (7-13.)tj -3.19213 -1.41176 td -0.02 tc (kline)tj 2.06707 0 td -0.0199 tc (,)tj 0.52215 0 td -0.02 tc 0.006 tw [(s. (1982). the categorical imper)19(ativ)18(e: on the bias of content analy)19(sis)36(. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 305.1464 276.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (w)tj 0.85072 0 td -0.019 tc 0.005 tw [(orking paper)19(s)]tj -30.27971 -1.41177 td 0 tc 0 tw (in communication )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 120.7692 264.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k ((pp. 1-24))tj 4.20482 0 td -0.0001 tc (.)tj 0.55575 0 td 0 tc (montr)tj 2.59172 0.00001 td (eal: mcgill pr)tj 5.64794 0 td (ess)tj 1.31471 0 td (.)tj -24.17014 -1.41178 td (k)tj 0.60972 0 td -0.001 tc -0.013 tw (oppitz, e. (1983). pr)tj 8.60048 0 td 0 tw (otectiv)tj 2.86006 0 td -0.0015 tc (e)tj 0.76248 0 td -0.001 tc (dr)tj 0.90434 0 td 0 tc (a)tj 0.47983 0 td -0.002 tc -0.013 tw [(wings with childr)19(e)-1(n)-1( )-1(a)-1(n)-1(d)-1( )-1(a)-1(d)-1(o)-1(l)-1(e)-1(s)-1(c)-1(e)-1(n)-1(t)-1(s)35(. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 294.6022 252.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.001 tc -0.012 tw (school psy)tj 4.41846 0 td 0 tw (chology)tj -32.60695 -1.41177 td 0 tc (r)tj 0.61108 0 td -0.019 tc [(ev)-19(i)-19(ew)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 79.8525 240.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0003 tc (,)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 84.5757 240.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (12)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 93.3953 240.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (,)tj 0.55566 0 td 0 tc (42)tj 1.05591 0 td (1-427.)tj -8.24631 -1.41177 td (l)tj 0.4812 0 td (a)tj 0.4812 0 td -0.0003 tc (wr)tj 1.10987 0 td 0 tc (ence)tj 1.98095 0 td -0.0001 tc (,)tj 0.56796 0 td 0 tc 0.012 tw (e. 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(1994). )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 114.4458 192.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (r)tj 0.60876 0 td -0.002 tc -0.011 tw (ogue primate: an e)tj 7.73597 0 td 0 tw (xplor)tj 2.1549 0 td -0.011 tw (ation of human domestication)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 308.2815 192.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0027 tc (.)tj 0.5392 0 td (t)tj 0.46561 0 td -0.003 tc (or)tj 0.88298 0 td (ont)tj 1.39953 0 td -0.011 tw (o: k)tj 1.68227 0 td 0 tc (e)tj 0.47872 0 td (y)tj -35.24613 -1.41178 td (p)tj 0.51807 0 td 0 tw (orter books)tj 4.9436 0 td (.)tj -7.57932 -1.41177 td -0.006 tc -0.008 tw [(montgomery)111(, s. 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(1994). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 160.1025 144.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.026 tc 0.013 tw (the geography of childhood: why children need wild places)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 356.6372 144.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (.)tj -35.48673 -1.41176 td [(bost)19(on: beacon pr)18(ess)37(.)]tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td (oppel, k. (1997). )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 102.655 120.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (silverwing)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 139.7886 120.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (.)tj 0.55558 0 td 0 tc [(t)88(or)18(ont)19(o: harpercollins)37(.)]tj -12.6484 -1.4118 td [(pullman, p)148(. (1998). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 108.9449 108.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (the golden compass)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 179.8979 108.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (.)tj 0.55565 0 td 0 tc [(ne)19(w y)79(ork: alfr)19(ed a. knopf.)]tj -17.3672 -1.4118 td -0.009 tc -0.005 tw [(r)18(a)19(ymo, c. 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(1967). whate)19(v)19(er happened t)19(o human ecology? )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 292.9105 540.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (bioscience)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 329.7286 540.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0003 tc (,)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 334.4518 540.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (17)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 343.2714 540.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (,)tj 0.55566 0 td 0 tc [(89)56(1-893.)]tj -32.35229 -1.41176 td 0.003 tw [(shepar)19(d, p)147(. (1978). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 144.8636 528.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.003 tw (thinking animals: animals and the development of human intelligence)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 392.6386 528.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (.)tj -35.4869 -1.41176 td [(ne)19(w y)79(ork: the viking pr)19(ess)36(. )]tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td [(shepar)19(d, p)147(. 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(1998). gr)19(ounded theory methodology: an o)19(v)19(ervie)18(w)112(. in n.)]tj 2.11765 -1.41176 td -0.018 tc 0.004 tw [(denzin & y)130(. lincoln \(eds)36(.\), )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f10 1 tf 8.5 0 1.80673 8.5 186.8605 432.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.017 tc 0.004 tw (strategies of qualitative inquiry)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 295.1221 432.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.018 tc 0.004 tw [((pp.158-183). l)19(ondon: sage)55(.)]tj -26.13202 -1.41176 td -0.023 tc 0.009 tw [(v)93(an de castle)55(, r. 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