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q /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 587.9617 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.005 tc 0.134 tw [(spent teaching the gr)19(ouping of t)18(opics)37(. in the tw)19(o gr)19(oupings of natur)18(al)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0.002 tc 0.137 tw [(envir)19(onment and p)56(opulation ecology)110(, the v)19(ast majority of teacher)19(s said)]tj 0 -1.20001 td -0.026 tc 0.012 tw [(that the)19(y t)18(aught most of the t)19(opics)36(. ho)19(w)19(e)19(v)19(er)111(, when ask)19(ed ho)18(w much time the)19(y)]tj t* -0.018 tc 0.004 tw [(spent on teaching the t)19(opics in each gr)18(ouping, 72% said the)19(y t)19(aught 1)55(0 hour)19(s)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0 tc 0.022 tw [(or less in the natur)19(al envir)18(onment gr)19(ouping and 64% r)19(eported teaching 4)]tj t* -0.017 tc 0.003 tw [(hour)19(s or less in the p)55(opulation ecology gr)19(ouping. under the pr)19(e)18(vious ministry)]tj 0 -1.20001 td -0.0267 tc (of)tj 1.06264 0 td -0.027 tc 0.013 tw [(education polic)19(y \(as f)18(ound in the )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 10 0 0 10 219.9732 515.9616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.025 tc 0.012 tw [(envir)19(onment)18(al science)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 10 0 0 10 311.5493 515.9616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.027 tc 0.013 tw (guidelines\), the min-)tj -23.85493 -1.19999 td 0 tc 0.005 tw [(imum amount of time that teacher)19(s w)18(er)19(e advised t)19(o spend on these t)18(opics)]tj 0 -1.20001 td -0.018 tc 0.004 tw [(w)19(as 15 hour)19(s f)18(or the f)19(ormer and 16 hour)19(s f)18(or the latter)111(. in all the other gr)19(oup)-1(-)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.001 tc -0.013 tw [(ings)37(, the pr)18(e)19(vious minimum time r)19(equir)19(ed w)18(as 16 hour)19(s)37(, e)19(x)19(cept f)19(or ener)18(gy)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw [(which w)19(as 15 hour)18(s)37(.)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 10 0 2.12557 10 73 232.5616 tm 0 0 0 1 k (ontario ministry of education science curriculum guidelines grades 9/10)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 213.3616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.012 tc -0.002 tw [(one might conclude fr)19(om the dat)19(a 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less in each gr)tj 7.59212 0 td (ouping of t)tj 4.80552 0 td 0 tw (opics)tj 2.20337 0 td -0.0001 tc (.)tj 0.62555 0 td 0 tc 0.07 tw [(under the pr)19(e)18(vious)]tj -23.8209 -1.20001 td 0.03 tw (ministry of education (1988) polic)tj 14.78585 0 td -0.0002 tc (y)tj 0.82683 0 td 0 tc [(\(as f)19(ound in the )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 10 0 0 10 300.6957 199.7645 tm 0 0 0 1 k (envir)tj 2.20361 0 td 0.028 tw [(onment)19(al science)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 187.7645 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.025 tc 0.011 tw [(guidelines\), the minimum amount of time that teacher)19(s)1( )1(w)19(er)19(e advised t)18(o spend)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0 tc 0 tw (on these t)tj 4.25928 0 td [(opics w)19(as 16 hour)18(s per gr)19(ouping. )]tj et 0 0 0 0 k 72 17.4601 324 23.0399 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 109.8433 33.8348 tm 0 0 0 1 k (the diluted curriculum: the role of government in developing ecological literacy)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 396 17.496 24.7 23.0401 re f bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 401.1613 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (223)tj et /gs2 gs 0 0 0 0 k 75.169 464.67 318.334 128.665 re f /gs1 gs 0.667 w 0 0 0 1 k 73.836 463.337 321.001 131.332 re s 75.169 464.67 318.334 128.665 re s q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f14 1 tf 9 0 0 9 106.4286 574.0455 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(envir)19(onment)18(al quality: air)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f14 1 tf 8 0 0 8 78.1656 554.3294 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(char)19(acteristics of atmospher)18(e)]tj 0 -1.2 td [(a)37(tmospheric cont)19(aminants)]tj t* [(nutrient c)19(y)19(cles)]tj 0 -1.19999 td [(p)56(articulate matter)]tj 0 -1.2 td [(air monit)19(oring and pollution contr)18(ol)]tj t* [(t)68(ot)18(al amount of time spent teaching these)]tj t* [(t)19(opics)]tj 0 -2.39999 td [(amount of time r)19(equir)18(ed under pr)19(e)19(vious)]tj 0 -1.20001 td (guidelines)tj 21.38084 14.69997 td -0.0001 tc (%)tj 1.25874 0 td 0 tc [(of t)68(eacher)18(s who)]tj -0.92524 -1.20001 td [(did not t)68(each the)]tj 2.75904 -1.19999 td [(t)68(opic)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8 0 0 8 275.3051 554.3293 tm 0 0 0 1 k (55%)tj 0 -1.25 td (49%)tj t* (62%)tj 0 -1.125 td (68%)tj t* (62%)tj -3.49263 -1.25914 td [(35.5% did not teach an)19(y t)18(opics; 53%)]tj 0 -1.19999 td [(t)19(aught 1 hour or less; 80% t)19(aught 5 hour)18(s)]tj 0 -1.2 td [(or less; 8% t)19(aught 1)55(0 hour)19(s or mor)19(e)]tj t* [(12 hour)19(s minimum)]tj et 1 w 0 0 0 1 k 75 562.818 m 393.701 562.818 l s 0.125 w 75.1636 552.2889 m 393.5256 552.6391 l s 75.5502 542.8188 m 393.3962 542.6599 l s 75 533 m 393.354 533 l s 75 523 m 393.421 523 l s 75.5512 514.0004 m 393.3972 513.8416 l s 75.5521 484.727 m 393.2241 484.5681 l s 243.9997 593.1053 m 243.9997 464.5553 l s 322.1114 593.2218 m 322.1114 513.8608 l s q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f14 1 tf 8 0 0 8 331.7557 585.5313 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 tc (%)tj 1.25874 0 td 0 tc [(of t)68(eacher)18(s)]tj -1.59298 -1.19999 td [(who t)68(aught the)]tj 2.31555 -1.2 td [(t)68(opic)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8 0 0 8 348.9588 554.3314 tm 0 0 0 1 k (45%)tj 0.02795 -1.25 td -0.056 tc [(51)-56(%)]tj -0.02795 -1.25 td 0 tc (38%)tj 0 -1.125 td (32%)tj t* (38%)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 72.4 434.203 323.2 26.8 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 10 0 0 10 158.1687 453.1643 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(t)148(able 3. envir)19(onment)18(al quality: air )]tj 4.86658 -1.2 td [(gr)19(ade 1)160(1/12.)]tj et q endstream endobj 11 0 obj << /length 7879 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 36 63 324 532.8 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 10 0 2.12557 10 37 338.7897 tm 0 0 0 1 k (ontario ministry of education science curriculum guidelines grades 11/12)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 319.5897 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.006 tc -0.008 tw [(during the 2000-200)56(1 school y)18(ear)111(, the ne)19(w gr)19(ade 1)160(1/12 curriculum \(ont)19(ario)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0 tc 0.033 tw [(ministry of education, 2000\) w)19(as not y)18(et compulsory)111(. some teacher)19(s ma)18(y)]tj t* -0.025 tc 0 tw (ha)tj 0.98757 0 td 0 tc (v)tj 0.45643 0 td -0.0249 tc (e)tj 0.73917 0 td -0.025 tc 0.011 tw (been using the ne)tj 7.29636 0 td -0.0249 tc (w)tj 0.99809 0 td -0.025 tc [(curriculum. other)19(s ma)18(y ha)19(v)19(e still been using the pr)18(e-)]tj -10.47762 -1.20001 td 0 tc 0.008 tw [(vious curriculum. whiche)19(v)18(er w)19(as the case)56(, it is cert)19(ain that the v)18(ast major-)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0.009 tw [(ity of gr)19(ade 1)160(1/12 世界杯2022赛程表淘汰赛 ar)19(e not being adequately t)19(aught ecological edu-)]tj t* -0.002 tc -0.012 tw (cation. ho)tj 4.39093 0 td 0 tc (w)tj 0.73774 0 td -0.002 tc [(e)19(v)19(er)111(, ther)18(e is no r)19(eason t)19(o belie)18(v)19(e that the ne)19(w gr)19(ade 1)161(1/12 cur)-1(-)]tj -5.12867 -1.20001 td 0 tc -0.007 tw [(riculum will pr)19(oduce better r)18(esults than the ne)19(w gr)19(ade 9/1)56(0 curriculum has)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0.008 tc 0.131 tw [(\(bo)19(w)19(er & mcew)18(an, 1999\). pr)19(e)19(vious analy)19(sis b)18(y the ont)19(ario society f)19(or)]tj t* -0.014 tc 0 tw (envir)tj 2.18741 0 td [(onment)19(al education (1998) has demonstr)18(ated that ther)19(e is little empha-)]tj -2.18741 -1.2 td -0.024 tc 0.01 tw [(sis on envir)19(onment)18(al out)19(comes in the ne)19(w)1( )1(g)1(r)19(ade 1)161(1/12 science guidelines)37(. the)]tj 0 tc (r)' 0.3538 0 td 0.003 tc 0.136 tw (esults of our study suggest that teacher)tj 17.75905 0 td 0.0025 tc (s)tj 0.84529 0 td 0.003 tc 0 tw (ar)tj 0.85648 0 td 0.0026 tc (e)tj 0.91945 0 td 0.003 tc 0.136 tw (struggling t)tj 4.96406 0 td 0.0025 tc (o)tj 0.95627 0 td 0.003 tc 0 tw (co)tj 0.98647 0 td 0.136 tw [(v)19(er all the)]tj -27.64086 -1.20001 td -0.02 tc 0.006 tw [(non-envir)19(onment)18(al e)19(xpect)19(ations which f)19(orm the v)18(ast majority of e)19(xpect)19(ations)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0 tc 0 tw [(in the gr)19(ade 1)160(1/12 science cou)1(r)18(ses)37(.)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 11 0 0 11 111.7751 141.9897 tm 0 0 0 1 k (teaching ecological literacy outdoors)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 10 0 0 10 37 119.1897 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.014 tw [(although the surv)19(e)19(y w)18(as not primarily about ho)19(w teacher)19(s teach ecological)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.018 tc 0.004 tw [(education, one fundament)19(al question that has a lar)19(ge bearing upon pedagogy)]tj t* 0 tc 0.011 tw [(w)19(as included. t)88(eacher)19(s w)18(er)19(e ask)18(ed ho)19(w much time per cour)19(se the)18(y t)19(aught)]tj t* 0.037 tw (outside the school. a)tj 9.07327 0.00001 td -0.0001 tc (t)tj 0.62936 0 td 0 tc [(the gr)19(ade 9/1)56(0 le)18(v)19(el, 2)56(1% of teacher)19(s said that the)18(y)]tj -9.7026 -1.2 td 0.005 tc 0.134 tw [(ne)19(v)19(er teach an)19(y of their classes out)18(door)19(s)37(. sixty-f)19(our and a half per)19(cent)]tj et 0 0 0 0 k 36.333 17.496 323.667 23.0401 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 37.612 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (tom puk & dustin behm)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 14.112 17.496 22.5 23.0401 re f bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 15.112 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (224)tj et /gs2 gs 0 0 0 0 k 38.467 377.477 319.866 215.257 re f /gs1 gs 0.667 w 0 0 0 1 k 37.133 376.144 322.534 217.923 re s 38.466 377.477 319.867 215.257 re s 1 w 38.7545 561.1546 m 357.9445 561.0908 l s 0.125 w 38.841 541.971 m 358.37 541.971 l s 38.333 522.8 m 358.417 522.8 l s 38.53 503.7766 m 358.331 504.0005 l s 38.444 474.8 m 358.084 474.8 l s 38.5366 455.775 m 357.9496 455.9986 l s 38.356 436.6 m 358.384 436.6 l s 38.4037 417.1972 m 357.7657 417.6443 l s 38.6741 398.5752 m 357.8101 398.7986 l s q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f14 1 tf 9 0 0 9 75.975 573.135 tm 0 0 0 1 k (t)tj et q 0.27 w bt /f14 1 tf 9 0 0 9 75.96 573.12 tm 1 tr 0 0 0 1 k (t)tj et q q q bt /f14 1 tf 9 0 0 9 81.015 573.135 tm 0 0 0 1 k (o)tj et q 0.27 w bt /f14 1 tf 9 0 0 9 81 573.12 tm 1 tr 0 0 0 1 k (o)tj et q q q bt /f14 1 tf 9 0 0 9 86.055 573.135 tm 0 0 0 1 k (p)tj et q 0.27 w bt /f14 1 tf 9 0 0 9 86.04 573.12 tm 1 tr 0 0 0 1 k (p)tj et q q q bt /f14 1 tf 9 0 0 9 91.095 573.135 tm 0 0 0 1 k (i)tj et q 0.27 w bt /f14 1 tf 9 0 0 9 91.08 573.12 tm 1 tr 0 0 0 1 k (i)tj et q q q bt /f14 1 tf 9 0 0 9 93.735 573.135 tm 0 0 0 1 k (c)tj et q 0.27 w bt /f14 1 tf 9 0 0 9 93.72 573.12 tm 1 tr 0 0 0 1 k (c)tj et q q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f14 1 tf 8 0 0 8 40.994 553.3294 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(envir)19(onment)18(al quality)]tj 0 -1.2 td [(w)74(ater)]tj t* [(envir)19(onment)18(al health)]tj 0 -1.19999 td [(haz)19(ar)18(ds)]tj 0 -1.2 td (fish and wildlife)tj 0 -2.4 td [(plants)37(, p)55(eople)56(, and)]tj 0 -1.19999 td [(envir)19(onment)18(al)]tj 0 -1.2 td (modification)tj t* [(ener)19(gy r)36(esour)19(ces)]tj 0 -2.4 td (soils)tj 0 -2.39999 td (p)tj 0.5 0 td [(ests and p)56(est contr)18(ol)]tj -0.5 -2.4 td [(a)56(quatic ecosy)19(stems)]tj 0 -2.39999 td (applied genetics)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f14 1 tf 8 0 0 8 139.9131 584.5294 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(a)74(v)19(er)18(age % of t)68(eacher)19(s who)]tj 0.52588 -1.2 td [(did not t)68(each each t)67(opic)]tj 1.89465 -1.2 td [(within gr)19(ouping)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8 0 0 8 158.0127 553.3293 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(54% o)19(v)18(er 6 t)19(opics)]tj 0 -2.31274 td -0.0002 tc (6)tj 0.55585 0.00001 td 0 tc [(0% o)19(v)18(er 5 t)19(opics)]tj -0.55585 -2.50001 td [(68% o)19(v)18(er 5 t)19(opics)]tj 0 -2.375 td [(76% o)19(v)18(er 8 t)19(opics)]tj 0 -3.625 td [(54% o)19(v)18(er 5 t)19(opics)]tj 0 -2.375 td [(69% o)19(v)18(er 4 t)19(opics)]tj 0.01842 -2.5 td [(7)37(0% o)19(v)18(er 6 t)19(opics)]tj 0.00953 -2.37501 td [(6)56(1% o)19(v)18(er 7 t)19(opics)]tj 0 -2.375 td (6)tj 0.5 0 td (1% o)tj 2.3147 0 td (v)tj 0.4812 0 td (er 4 t)tj 2.27759 0 td (opics)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f14 1 tf 8 0 0 8 246.3715 573.9307 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(amount of time f)19(or all t)67(opics)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8 0 0 8 249.7826 553.5307 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(30% did not teach an)19(y t)18(opics)]tj 0.56494 -1.19999 td [(84% t)19(aught 5 hour)18(s of less)]tj -0.56494 -1.2 td -0.0001 tc (3)tj 0.5559 0.00001 td 0 tc [(2% did not teach an)19(y t)18(opics)]tj 0.00953 -1.20001 td [(8)56(1% t)19(aught 3 hour)18(s or less)]tj -0.56543 -1.2 td [(56% did not teach an)19(y t)18(opics)]tj 0.53748 -1.19999 td [(82% t)19(aught 4 hour)18(s or less)]tj -0.53748 -1.20001 td [(40% did not teach an)19(y t)18(opics)]tj 0.53748 -1.2 td (74% t)tj 2.64869 0 td [(aught 5 hour)19(s or less)]tj -3.18617 -2.39999 td [(44% did not teach an)19(y t)18(opics)]tj 0.53748 -1.2 td [(74% t)19(aught 5 hour)18(s or less)]tj -0.53748 -1.2 td [(57% did not teach an)19(y t)18(opics)]tj 0.53748 -1.2 td [(83% t)19(aught 3 hour)18(s or less)]tj -0.53748 -1.19999 td [(52% did not teach an)19(y t)18(opics)]tj 0.53748 -1.2 td [(80% t)19(aught 3 hour)18(s or less)]tj -0.53748 -1.2 td (43% did not teach an)tj 9.37134 0 td (y t)tj 1.09278 0 td (opics)tj -9.92664 -1.20001 td [(73% t)19(aught 5 hour)18(s or less)]tj -0.53748 -1.19999 td (58% did not teach an)tj 9.37134 0 td (y t)tj 1.09278 0 td (opics)tj -9.92664 -1.20001 td [(80% t)19(aught 5 hour)18(s or less)]tj et 0.125 w 0 0 0 1 k 136.7766 592.4492 m 136.7766 378.0052 l s 242.6663 592.333 m 242.6663 378.023 l s 0 0 0 0 k 36.444 346.455 323.556 26.221 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 10 0 0 10 85.2156 364.8378 tm 0 0 0 1 k (t)tj 0.40796 0 td (able 4. summary of a)tj 9.38989 0 td (dditional gr)tj 5.05493 0 td (ade 1)tj 2.22876 0 td (1/12 r)tj 2.83448 0 td [(esults)37(.)]tj et q endstream endobj 12 0 obj << /length 6562 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 72 63 324 532.8 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 587.9617 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.002 tc 0.137 tw [(t)19(aught in the out)18(door)19(s less than 5 hour)18(s)37(. in t)19(ot)18(al, 85.5% either did not)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.024 tc 0.01 tw [(teach out)19(door)18(s at all or t)19(aught f)19(or less than 5 hour)18(s)37(. what is inter)18(esting t)19(o note)]tj 0 -1.20001 td 0.013 tc 0.125 tw [(is that under the pr)19(e)18(vious )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 10 0 0 10 196.0702 563.9617 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.013 tc 0.116 tw [(envir)19(onment)18(a)1(l)1( s)1(c)1(i)1(e)1(n)1(c)1(e)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 10 0 0 10 298.0914 563.9617 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.013 tc 0.125 tw (curriculum guidelines)tj -22.50914 -1.20001 td 0.002 tc 0.137 tw [(\(ont)19(ario ministry of education, 1988\), teacher)18(s)37(, at the gr)19(ade 9/1)56(0 le)18(v)19(el,)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.026 tc 0.012 tw [(w)19(er)18(e r)19(equir)19(ed t)18(o t)19(ak)19(e 世界杯2022赛程表淘汰赛 on mandated field trips)36(. a)37(t the 1)161(1/12 le)19(v)18(el, 36%)]tj t* -0.021 tc 0.007 tw [(of teacher)19(s did not pr)18(o)19(vide an)19(y instruction out)19(door)18(s and 4)56(1% t)19(aught less than)]tj 0 -1.20001 td 0 tc -0.013 tw [(5 hour)19(s out)18(door)19(s)37(. in t)19(ot)18(al, 77% of teacher)19(s either did not teach out)19(door)18(s at)]tj 0 -1.19999 td 0 tw [(all or spent less than 5 hour)19(s teaching out)18(door)19(s)37(. )]tj 1.8 -1.20001 td -0.02 tc 0.006 tw [(man)19(y studies ha)18(v)19(e indicated that e)19(xperiences in the out)18(door)19(s \(and in par-)]tj -1.8 -1.2 td -0.017 tc 0.003 tw [(ticular e)19(xperiences in natur)18(al ar)19(eas\) is the number one influence on wh)19(y peo-)]tj t* 0 tc 0.032 tw [(ple de)19(v)19(elop envir)18(onment)19(al sensitivity \(james)37(, 1993; p)55(almer)111(, 1993; t)148(anner)111(,)]tj t* 0.003 tc 0.136 tw [(1980\) and commitment t)19(o envir)18(onment)19(al pr)19(otection \(cha)18(wla, 1999\). in)]tj t* 0.009 tc 0.13 tw [(particular)111(, out)18(door e)19(xperiences at an early age ha)19(v)18(e positiv)19(e long-term)]tj t* -0.012 tc -0.002 tw [(effects)37(. \322[c]hildhood e)18(xperience in the out)19(door)19(s is the single most import)18(ant)]tj t* 0 tc [(f)19(act)19(or in de)18(v)19(eloping per)19(sonal concern f)18(or the envir)19(onment\323 \(p)56(almer)111(, 1993,)]tj t* 0.002 tc 0.137 tw [(p. 29\). a study b)19(y liso)18(w)19(ski and disinger \(199)56(1\) f)19(ound that \322field-based)]tj t* -0.024 tc 0.01 tw [(pr)19(ogr)18(ams in the sciences ar)19(e effectiv)19(e in assisting 世界杯2022赛程表淘汰赛 \325 under)19(st)18(anding and)]tj t* 0 tc 0.007 tw [(r)19(etention of selected ecological concepts\323 (p. 23) and that 世界杯2022赛程表淘汰赛 \322)56(e)19(xhib)-1(-)]tj t* -0.005 tc -0.009 tw [(ited st)19(atistically significant post-test gains and sho)18(w)19(ed e)19(vidence of r)19(et)19(aining)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw [(the t)19(ar)18(geted concepts\323 (p. 19).)]tj 1.8 -1.2 td -0.009 tc -0.005 tw [(as indicated earlier)111(, ther)19(e)1( )1(is)1( )1(v)20(ery little envir)19(onment)19(al science in the ne)18(w)]tj -1.8 -1.2 td -0.002 tc 0 tw (ont)tj 1.60541 0 td -0.012 tw (ario secondary )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 10 0 0 10 155.1831 335.9616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.002 tc (science)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 10 0 0 10 188.4264 335.9616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.002 tc -0.012 tw (guidelines and without a str)tj 11.8602 0 td (ong f)tj 2.16335 0 td (ocus on ecolog)tj 6.35601 0 td 0 tc (-)tj -31.9222 -1.20001 td -0.002 tw [(ical concepts)37(, teacher)18(s most lik)19(ely feel the)19(y must co)18(v)19(er the \322main\323 science)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0.002 tc 0.137 tw [(concepts 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public is not privy t)19(o, one r)18(eason w)19(as)]tj -12.70254 -1.2 td -0.023 tc -0.002 tw [(made public)19(. the minister of education ackno)19(wledged that the ne)18(w secondary)]tj t* -0.03 tc 0.005 tw [(science curriculum w)19(as consistent with the p)55(an-canadian common fr)19(ame)19(w)19(ork)]tj t* -0.034 tc 0.009 tw [(of science l)19(earning out)18(comes k t)19(o 12 \(council of minister)19(s of education, 1997\),)]tj t* -0.011 tc 0.064 tw (which did not include envir)tj 11.76931 0 td [(onment)19(al science as a discr)18(eet subject \(j. eck)19(er)111(,)]tj -11.76931 -1.2 td 0 tw (minister of education, per)tj 10.91252 0 td [(sonal communication, ma)19(y 8, 2000\). )]tj -9.11252 -1.2 td 0.022 tc 0.146 tw [(puk (1999) has described pr)19(e)18(viously the influence that the thir)19(d)]tj -1.8 -1.2 td 0 tc 0.085 tw (international mathematics and science study (timss) conducted in 1994)tj t* -0.017 tc 0.003 tw [(\(martin & k)37(elly)111(, 1996\) had on the de)18(v)19(elopment of 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22.5 23.0401 re f bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 15.112 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (230)tj et q endstream endobj 18 0 obj << /length 12171 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 72 63 324 532.8 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 11 0 0 11 207.7622 587.4685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (references)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 73 564.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.034 tc 0.008 tw (behm, d. (2003). )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 133.9807 564.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.032 tc 0.007 tw [(the st)19(atus of envir)18(onment)19(al science in ont)18(ario secondary schools)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 347.5184 564.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.034 tc 0.008 tw (. unpublished)tj -30.17864 -1.41176 td -0.012 tc 0 tw [(med pr)19(oject, f)55(aculty of education, l)19(ak)19(ehead univ)18(er)19(sity)111(, thunder ba)18(y)112(, canada. )]tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td -0.015 tc 0.001 tw [(bo)18(w)19(er)111(, j. & mcew)18(an, s. (1999). wher)19(e is the envir)19(onment in)-1( ont)19(ario\325)37(s science curriculum?)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 109 528.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (crucible)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 137.6439 528.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (, )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 142.3671 528.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.056 tc (31)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 150.7114 528.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k [((1), 9-1)56(0.)]tj -9.14252 -1.41176 td 0.121 tw [(canadian pr)19(ess)36(. (2000). t)88(o)19(wn f)19(or)18(eman describes phone)19(y w)18(ater testing. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 345.8907 516.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.112 tw [(the chr)19(onicle)]tj -29.98714 -1.41176 td 0 tw (journal)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 116.4834 504.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(, december 7. thunder ba)19(y: )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 222.7438 504.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(chr)19(onicle journa)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 281.2747 504.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (l.)tj -24.5029 -1.41176 td -0.011 tc -0.003 tw [(canadian pr)19(ess)36(. (2000). anger)111(, sympath)19(y w)18(age w)19(ar in tr)19(oubled heart of community hit b)18(y)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 91 480.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (e coli)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 110.3553 480.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (. )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 115.0785 480.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(the chr)19(onicle journal)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 190.9165 480.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(, december 1)161(1. thunder ba)18(y: )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 300.5345 480.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(chr)19(onicle journal)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 361.2651 480.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (.)tj -33.91354 -1.41176 td -0.008 tc -0.006 tw [(cha)19(wla, l. (1999). life paths int)18(o effectiv)19(e envir)19(onment)19(al action. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 308.1519 468.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.008 tc -0.005 tw [(journal of envir)19(onment)18(al)]tj -25.54728 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0 tw (education)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 126.0957 456.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (, )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 130.8188 456.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.056 tc (31)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 139.1632 456.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k ((1), 15-26.)tj -7.78391 -1.41176 td -0.009 tc -0.005 tw [(cherif, a.h. (1992). barrier)19(s t)18(o ecology education in north american high schools)37(. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 369.9293 444.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.008 tc (journal)tj -32.81521 -1.41176 td 0 tc [(of envir)19(onment)18(al education)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 189.0239 432.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (, )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 193.7471 432.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (23)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 202.5666 432.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k ((3), 36-46.)tj -15.24313 -1.41176 td -0.014 tc [(council of minister)19(s of education. (1997). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 222.7304 420.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.013 tc [(common fr)19(ame)18(w)19(ork of science learning out)19(comes:)]tj -15.49769 -1.41176 td 0 tc [(p)37(an-canadian pr)19(ot)18(ocol f)19(or collabor)19(ation on school curriculum)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 307.9534 408.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(. ott)19(a)18(w)19(a, on: a)56(uthor)111(.)]tj -27.64158 -1.41176 td [(cundiff, b)37(. (1989). r)18(eading, writing and the envir)19(onment. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 287.6893 396.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (seasons)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 316.1631 396.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (, )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 320.8862 396.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (29)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 329.7058 396.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k ((3), 16-19.)tj -30.20069 -1.41177 td -0.019 tc 0.005 tw [(f)55(arman, g. & hollins)37(, e. \(198)56(1\). citiz)19(enship and the infusion game)55(. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 311.2937 384.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.017 tc 0.004 tw [(phi delt)19(a k)36(appan)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 370.3779 384.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.019 tc (, )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 374.8263 384.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.018 tc (62)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 383.3535 384.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.019 tc ((7),)tj -34.39453 -1.41176 td 0 tc [(5)56(1)56(0-5)56(12.)]tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td -0.014 tw [(hines)37(, j., hungerf)18(or)19(d, h., & t)88(omer)18(a, a. (1986/87). analy)19(sis and synthesis of r)19(esear)18(ch on)]tj 2.11765 -1.41176 td 0.015 tc 0.124 tw [(r)19(esponsible envir)19(onment)19(al beha)18(vior: a met)19(a-analy)19(sis)36(. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 301.9108 348.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.014 tc 0.116 tw [(journal of envir)19(onment)18(a)1(l)]tj -24.81303 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0 tw (education)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 126.0957 336.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (, )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 130.8188 336.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (18)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 139.6384 336.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k ((2), 1-8. )tj -7.83981 -1.41176 td -0.001 tc -0.013 tw [(james)37(, k. (1993). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 138.0473 324.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.001 tc -0.012 tw [(a qualit)19(ativ)18(e study of f)19(act)18(or)19(s influencing r)19(acial div)18(er)19(sity in envir)19(onment)18(al)]tj -5.53498 -1.41176 td 0.021 tc 0 tw (education)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 126.7304 312.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.022 tc 0.252 tw (. unpublished phd dissert)tj 12.51765 0 td (ation, college of education and human)tj -16.72122 -1.41177 td 0 tc 0 tw [(de)19(v)18(elopment, univ)19(er)19(sity of minnesot)19(a, minneapolis)36(.)]tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td -0.026 tc 0.012 tw [(knapp, d. (2000). the thessaloniki declar)19(ation: a w)18(ak)19(e-up call f)18(or envir)19(onment)19(al education?)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 109 276.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (journal of envir)tj 6.53418 0 td [(onment)19(al education)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 234.707 276.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (, )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 239.4302 276.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (3)tj 0.46288 0 td (1)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 247.7745 276.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k ((3), 32-39.)tj -20.56171 -1.41176 td 0.015 tc 0.124 tw [(l)19(ane)56(,)1( )1(j)1(.)1(,)1( )1(w)1(i)1(l)1(k)20(e)56(, r., champeau, r., & siv)19(ek, d. (1994). envir)18(onment)19(al education in)]tj 2.11765 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0 tw [(wisconsin: a teacher surv)19(e)18(y)112(. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 198.6445 252.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(journal of envir)19(onment)18(al education)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 324.3516 252.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (, )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 329.0747 252.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (25)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 337.8943 252.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k ((4), 9-17.)tj -31.16404 -1.41176 td 0.047 tw [(lieberman, g.a. & hoody)111(, l.l. (1998). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 218.189 240.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.044 tw [(closing the achie)19(v)19(ement gap)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 318.8822 240.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.047 tw [(. p)56(o)19(w)19(a)18(y)111(,)1( )-1(c)37(a: science)]tj -26.80967 -1.41176 td 0 tw [(wiz)19(ar)18(ds)37(.)]tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td -0.001 tc -0.013 tw [(lin, e. (2002). t)80(r)19(end of envir)18(onment)19(al education in canadian pr)19(e-service teacher educa-)]tj 2.11765 -1.41176 td 0.001 tc 0.138 tw [(tion pr)19(ogr)18(ams fr)19(om 1979 t)19(o 1996. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 226.7938 204.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.001 tc 0.128 tw [(canadian journal of envir)19(onment)18(al education)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 392.6394 204.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (,)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 91 192.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (7)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 95.4098 192.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k [((1), 199-2)56(15.)]tj -2.63645 -1.41176 td 0.008 tc 0.131 tw [(liso)19(w)19(ski, m. & disinger)110(, j.f)148(. \(199)56(1\). the effect of field-based instruction on student)]tj 2.11765 -1.41176 td -0.003 tc 0 tw (under)tj 2.502 0 td -0.011 tw [(st)19(andings of ecological concepts)36(.)1( )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 233.2851 168.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.003 tc -0.01 tw (journal of envir)tj 6.46696 0 td [(onment)19(al education)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 357.884 168.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0035 tc -0.0107 tw (, )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 362.4622 168.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.003 tc (23)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 371.2316 168.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.003 tc ((1),19-)tj -32.96842 -1.41176 td 0 tc (23.)tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td 0.001 tc 0.138 tw (martin, m.o)tj 5.27511 0.00001 td [(., & k)37(elly)110(, d.l. \(eds)37(.\). \(1996\). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 233.3953 144.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k (thir)tj 1.72528 0.00001 td 0.001 tc 0.129 tw (d international mathematics and science)tj -18.47767 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0 tw [(study: t)88(echnical r)18(eport, v)19(olume 1)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 207.1487 132.6686 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(. chestnut hill, ma: bost)19(on college)55(.)]tj -15.7822 -1.41176 td 0.004 tw [(mck)37(eo)18(wn-ice)56(, r. (2000). envir)19(onment)19(al education in the united st)18(ates: a surv)19(e)19(y of pr)18(e-)]tj 2.1176 -1.4118 td -0.003 tc -0.011 tw (service teacher education pr)tj 12.09572 0.00001 td 0 tw (ogr)tj 1.38022 0.00001 td (ams)tj 1.77012 0.00001 td (. )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 225.1747 108.6686 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.003 tc -0.011 tw (journal of envir)tj 6.47473 0.00001 td 0 tw (onment)tj 3.09522 0.00001 td -0.011 tw (al education)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 349.9199 108.6686 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.003 tc (, )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 354.5031 108.6686 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.003 tc (32)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 363.2819 108.6686 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.003 tc -0.011 tw ((1), 4-1)tj 2.90024 0.00001 td 0 tw (1.)tj -37.051 -1.4118 td -0.004 tc -0.01 tw [(national envir)19(onment)18(al education a)56(dvisory council. (1996, december). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 336.2668 96.6686 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.004 tc -0.009 tw [(r)19(eport assessing)]tj -28.8549 -1.4118 td -0.018 tc 0.005 tw [(envir)19(onment)18(al education in the united st)19(ates and the implement)19(ation of the national envi-)]tj 0 tc (r)' 0.3701 0 td 0 tw (onment)tj 3.10962 0.00001 td (al education act of 1990)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 205.061 72.6686 tm 0 0 0 1 k (. w)tj 1.40674 0.00001 td (ashingt)tj 3.1106 0.00001 td (on, dc: a)tj 4.11084 0.00001 td [(uthor)111(.)]tj et 0 0 0 0 k 72 17.4601 324 23.0399 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 109.8433 33.8348 tm 0 0 0 1 k (the diluted curriculum: the role of government in developing ecological literacy)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 396 17.496 24.7 23.0401 re f bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 401.1572 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (231)tj et q endstream endobj 19 0 obj << /length 9271 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 36 63 324 532.8 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 37 588.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.131 tw [(ont)19(ario ministry of education. (1988). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 184.8433 588.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.122 tw [(envir)19(onment)18(al science part 8 gr)19(ades 1)56(0 and 12,)]tj -15.27568 -1.41176 td 0 tw [(adv)19(anced le)18(v)19(el)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 105.4687 576.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(. t)88(or)18(ont)19(o: queen\325)37(s printer)110(.)]tj -8.05514 -1.41176 td -0.0001 tc (o)tj 0.74094 -0.00001 td 0 tc [(nt)19(ario ministry of education. (1999). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 179.2795 564.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (s)tj 0.51879 -0.00001 td 0 tc (cience)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 205.3979 564.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (.)tj 0.27779 -0.00001 td 0 tc [( t)88(or)18(ont)19(o: queen\325)37(s printer)110(.)]tj -20.08931 -1.41176 td [(ont)19(ario ministry of education. (2000). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 179.2795 552.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (science)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 205.3979 552.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(. t)88(or)18(ont)19(o: queen\325)37(s printer)110(.)]tj -19.81152 -1.41176 td 0.139 tw [(ont)19(ario society f)18(or envir)19(onment)19(al education. (1998). )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 242.2635 540.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.129 tw [(analy)19(sis of dr)18(aft secondary cur-)]tj -22.031 -1.41176 td 0 tw [(riculum f)19(or envir)18(onment)19(al out)19(comes)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 182.5955 528.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(. ont)19(ario: a)55(uthor)111(.)]tj -17.12888 -1.41176 td 0.005 tw [(p)56(almer)111(, j.a. (1993). de)18(v)19(elopment of concern f)19(or the envir)19(onment and f)18(ormativ)19(e e)19(xperi-)]tj 2.11765 -1.41176 td 0 tw [(ences of educat)19(or)18(s)37(. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 127.7128 504.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(journal of envir)19(onment)18(al education)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 253.4198 504.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (, )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 258.1429 504.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (24)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 266.9625 504.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k ((3), 26-30.)tj -27.05441 -1.41176 td -0.017 tc 0.003 tw [(puk, t)130(. (1999). f)56(ormula f)18(or success accor)19(ding t)19(o timss or subliminal deca)19(y of jurisdictional)]tj 2.11765 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0 tw [(educultur)19(al integrity? )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 134.4758 480.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(the albert)19(a journal of educational studies)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 283.4665 480.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (, )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 288.1897 480.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (45)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 297.0093 480.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k ((3), 225-238.)tj -30.58933 -1.41176 td 0.008 tc 0.13 tw [(puk, t)130(.g. (2002). a ne)18(w met)19(a-per)19(spectiv)18(e \322)56(ecological education\323 should be cr)19(eated.)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 55 456.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(inter)19(actions)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 97.004 456.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (, )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 101.7272 456.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (14)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 110.5467 456.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k [((3), 30-3)56(1.)]tj -8.65255 -1.41176 td 0.013 tw [(r)19(ejeski, d.w)130(. (1982). childr)18(en look at natur)19(e: envir)19(onment)18(al per)19(ception and education.)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 55 432.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(journal of envir)19(onment)18(al education)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 180.707 432.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (, )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 185.4302 432.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (13)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 194.2498 432.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k ((4), 27-40.)tj -18.49998 -1.41176 td 0.066 tw [(samuel, h. (1993). impediments t)19(o implementing envir)18(onment)19(al education. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 323.8677 420.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.061 tw (journal of)tj -31.6315 -1.41176 td 0 tw [(envir)19(onment)18(al education)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 143.8972 408.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (, )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 148.6204 408.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (25)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 157.4399 408.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k ((1), 26-29.)tj -14.1694 -1.41177 td -0.011 tw [(saul, d. (2000). expanding envir)19(onment)18(al education: thinking critically)111(, thinking cultur-)]tj 2.11765 -1.41176 td 0 tw [(ally)111(. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 71.5372 384.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(journal of envir)19(onment)18(al education)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 197.2443 384.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (, )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 201.9674 384.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.056 tc (31)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 210.3118 384.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k ((2), 5-8.)tj -20.38962 -1.41176 td (simmons)tj 4.05518 0 td -0.011 tw [(, d. (1998). using natur)19(al settings f)18(or envir)19(onment)19(al education: p)56(er)18(ceiv)19(ed ben-)]tj -1.93753 -1.41176 td 0 tw [(efits and barrier)19(s)37(. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 121.7258 360.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(journal of envir)19(onment)18(al education)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 247.4329 360.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (, )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 252.156 360.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (29)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 260.9756 360.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k [((3), 23-3)56(1.)]tj -26.35007 -1.41176 td -0.002 tc (singlet)tj 2.87366 0 td (ary)tj 1.27139 0 td -0.012 tw (, t)tj 0.96351 0 td [(. (1992). case studies of selected high school envir)19(onment)19(al education class-)]tj -2.99091 -1.41178 td 0 tc 0 tw [(es)37(. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 67.2789 336.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(journal of envir)19(onment)18(al education)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 192.986 336.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (, )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 197.7091 336.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (23)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 206.5287 336.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k ((4), 35-40.)tj -19.94456 -1.41176 td -0.012 tw (sobel, d. (1995). be)tj 8.57619 0 td (y)tj 0.5 0 td (ond ecophobia: r)tj 7.55006 0.00001 td (eclaiming the heart of natur)tj 11.98708 0 td (e education. )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 327.3826 324.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (clearing)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 356.6387 324.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (,)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 55 312.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (9)tj 0.46289 0 td (1)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 63.3444 312.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (\(no)tj 1.49878 0 td (v)tj 0.38915 0 td [(./dec)19(.\), 16-20.)]tj -4.98727 -1.41177 td 0.022 tc 0.276 tw [(sponsel, l.e. (1987). cultur)19(al ecology and envir)19(onment)18(al education. )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 320.6185 300.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.021 tc 0.257 tw (journal of)tj -31.24924 -1.41176 td 0 tc 0 tw (envir)tj 2.20361 0 td (onment)tj 3.10962 0 td (al education)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 143.8972 288.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (, )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 148.6204 288.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (19)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 157.4399 288.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k ((1), 3)tj 2.20338 0 td (1-42.)tj -16.37278 -1.41177 td (t)tj 0.39378 0 td -0.014 tc [(anner)111(, t)129(. (1980). significant life e)19(xperiences)37(.)1( )]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 199.524 276.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.013 tc (journal of envir)tj 6.323 0 td [(onment)19(al education)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 321.4135 276.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.015 tc (, )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 325.898 276.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (1)tj 0.39473 0 td (1)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 333.5504 276.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.014 tc ((4), 20-)tj -32.77064 -1.41176 td 0 tc (24.)tj -2.11765 -1.41176 td (v)tj 0.51807 0 td (an matr)tj 3.33277 0 td (e)tj 0.44408 0 td (, s. (1990). )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f13 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 116.0172 252.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (earth education)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f12 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 171.7175 252.9874 tm 0 0 0 1 k (. gr)tj 1.53662 0 td (eenville)tj 3.25879 0 td (, wv)tj 2.05445 0 td (: the institute f)tj 6.55541 0 td (or earth education.)tj -29.25439 -1.41178 td (wilson, e.o)tj 5.03588 0 td (. 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