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ability le)19(v)18(el. \(as will be discussed under point 1)161(1, testing, such as that)]tj t* 0 tc -0.013 tw [(used t)19(o determine this student capability is also often str)18(ongly mechanistic)]tj t* 0 tw (in its appr)tj 4.35083 0 td (oach.\))tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 10 0 2.12557 10 37 360.135 tm 0 0 0 1 k (8.)tj 1.10428 0 td 0.045 tw [(世界杯2022赛程表淘汰赛 use supporting learning materials \(e.g., books, worksheets, chalk)-4(-)]tj -0.84921 -1.2 td -0.002 tw (boards, and often more \322sophisticated\323 equipment\) and, in technical/scientific)tj 0.25507 -1.2 td -0.01 tc -0.003 tw (areas, use laboratories, workbenches, and practice sites.)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 269.8644 336.135 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.009 tc -0.005 tw (these learning mate-)tj -23.28644 -1.2 td -0.001 tc -0.013 tw [(rials again dist)19(ance 世界杯2022赛程表淘汰赛 fr)18(om be)19(y)19(ond-school e)19(xperience and r)18(educe or)]tj t* 0 tc 0 tw (compartment)tj 5.88843 0 td (aliz)tj 1.44384 0 td -0.0001 tc (e)tj 0.83129 0 td 0 tc 0.054 tw (this e)tj 2.3681 0 td [(xperience)56(. again w)18(e see the hegemon)19(y of cert)19(ain)]tj -10.53166 -1.20001 td -0.002 tc -0.012 tw [(f)19(orms of kno)19(wledge\321if something is written do)19(wn or r)18(ecor)19(ded or e)19(xplor)18(ed)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.009 tc -0.005 tw (in objectiv)tj 4.35665 0 td -0.0093 tc (e)tj 0.75472 0 td -0.009 tc (or empirical f)tj 5.65701 0 td (ashion it is of gr)tj 6.74 0 td (eater w)tj 3.13378 0 td (orth than, sa)tj 5.33432 0 td 0 tc (y)tj 0.3988 0 td -0.0093 tc (,)tj 0.53276 0 td -0.009 tc (an imagined)tj -26.90804 -1.20002 td -0.0001 tc (or)tj 1.19579 0 td (felt)tj 1.65957 0 td 0 tc 0.011 tw (or liv)tj 2.17677 0 td (ed e)tj 1.82606 0 td [(xperience which, it is implied, is not t)19(o be trusted. as with)]tj -6.8582 -1.20001 td -0.001 tc -0.013 tw [(the incr)19(e)-1(m)-1(e)-1(n)-1(t)17(al specializ)19(ation of distinct subjects at each gr)19(a)-1(d)-1(e)-1( )-1(l)-1(e)18(v)18(el, these)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.019 tc 0.005 tw (learning materials also become incr)tj 14.78348 0 td (easingly specializ)tj 7.10919 0 td (ed. a t)tj 2.69344 0 td (opic is under)tj 5.33748 0 td 0 tw (st)tj 0.68425 0 td (ood)tj -30.60784 -1.20001 td 0 tc (b)tj 0.51625 0 td -0.0212 tc (y)tj 0.76167 0 td (w)tj 0.71934 0 td -0.021 tc 0.007 tw [(orking with books and w)19(orksheets that e)18(xplor)19(e it in finer and finer det)19(ail.)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 10 0 2.12557 10 37 216.135 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.022 tc 0.009 tw (9. this learning is determined by a standard curriculum, which is set by an author)tj 31.99259 0 td 0 tc (-)tj -31.73752 -1.2 td -0.017 tc 0.005 tw (ity level much above the individual school \(normally the central or provincial/state)tj 0.25507 -1.2 td -0.008 tc -0.004 tw (government\) and which all are expected to \322cover\323 in an \322age graded\323 fashion.)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 352.7026 192.135 tm 0 0 0 1 k (a)tj -31.57026 -1.2 td (st)tj 0.72192 0 td (andar)tj 2.48096 0 td -0.0001 tc (d)tj 0.94718 0 td 0 tc 0.113 tw (or centr)tj 3.5008 0 td 0 tw (aliz)tj 1.44385 0 td 0.113 tw [(ed curriculum is pr)19(of)18(oundly anti-ecological in that it)]tj -9.09471 -1.20001 td 0 tw (ensur)tj 2.38769 0 td 0.012 tw [(es that e)19(v)18(ery)19(one in the affected ar)19(ea learns)37(, or is pr)18(esented with, the)]tj -2.38769 -1.20001 td -0.01 tc -0.004 tw [(same inf)19(ormation. this type of curriculum, b)19(y definition, limits the potential)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0 tc 0.108 tw [(f)19(or r)18(egional v)19(ariation. this is particularly w)19(orrisome f)19(or)110(, as capr)19(a (1999))]tj 0 -1.19999 td (r)tj 0.35107 0.00001 td 0.007 tw (eminds us in his discussion of the principles of ecology)tj 23.72702 0.00001 td -0.0002 tc (,)tj 0.56268 0 td 0 tc 0 tw (\322div)tj 1.73972 0 td 0.007 tw [(er)19(sity assur)18(es)]tj -26.38049 -1.20002 td (r)tj 0.35107 0.00001 td 0 tw (esilience\323 (p. 6).)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 10 0 2.12557 10 37 96.1351 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.008 tc -0.01 tw (10. \322adults,\323 assumed to be more knowledgeable, \322teach\323 and 世界杯2022赛程表淘汰赛 \322receive)tj 0.2551 -1.2 td -0.026 tc 0.007 tw (instruction\323 from them.)tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 129.8666 84.1351 tm 0 0 0 1 k (w)tj 0.82775 0.00001 td -0.0234 tc (e)tj 0.73499 0 td (t)tj 0.27289 0.00001 td -0.023 tc 0.004 tw (ouched on this point earlier in our discussion of the)tj -11.1223 -1.2 td -0.011 tc -0.009 tw [(one \322)56(certified\323 teacher per classr)18(oom)1( )-1(p)1(hen)-1(omenon. what is most import)13(a)-6(n)-6(t)]tj et 0 0 0 0 k 36.333 17.496 323.667 23.0401 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 37.612 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (sandy steen)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 14.112 17.496 22.5 23.0401 re f bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 15.112 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (198)tj et q endstream endobj 12 0 obj << /length 6191 >> stream /gs0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /gs1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 72 63 324 532.8 re f q /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 587.9617 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.006 tw 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dw)19(elt on its function. space limits a length)18(y discussion of this)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0 tc -0.011 tw [(t)19(opic her)19(e)55(, ho)19(w)19(e)19(v)19(er it deserv)18(es t)19(o be noted that if the function of schooling)]tj t* -0.005 tw (is primarily economic)tj 9.39511 0 td -0.0001 tc (,)tj 0.5511 0 td 0 tc (then the model that w)tj 9.55644 0 td -0.0001 tc (e)tj 0.77312 0 td 0 tc [(ha)19(v)19(e discussed in this piece)]tj -20.27577 -1.20001 td -0.012 tw [(is entir)19(ely appr)18(opriate)56(. the economic r)19(ationale of schooling that ar)19(ono)18(witz)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.001 tc -0.013 tw [(and gir)19(oux (1993) ar)18(e r)19(eferring t)19(o when the)18(y suggest that schools tr)19(eat stu-)]tj t* 0.015 tc 0.123 tw (dents as \322futur)tj 6.82912 0 td 0.0153 tc (e)tj 0.93214 0 td 0.015 tc (participants in the industrial-milit)tj 15.31251 0 td [(ary or)19(der)110(,\323 and that)]tj -23.07377 -1.20001 td -0.009 tc -0.005 tw [(schools ar)19(e \322mer)18(ely tr)19(aining sites f)19(or 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73 587.9617 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.009 tc -0.005 tw [(the intr)19(oduction of this issue int)18(o the curriculum, usually within the r)19(ealm of)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0 tc 0.045 tw [(the sciences)37(. it should be obvious at this point wh)18(y this appr)19(oach has not)]tj 0 -1.20001 td -0.016 tc 0.002 tw [(been, and cannot be successful. it is a mechanistic solution that sa)19(w this sub-)]tj t* -0.011 tc -0.003 tw [(ject fit int)19(o the e)18(xisting dominant model of schooling and that demanded no)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0 tc 0 tw [(tr)19(ansf)18(ormation. as berry (1999) has written:)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 91 517.4616 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.004 tw [(the difficulty cannot be r)19(esolv)18(ed simply b)19(y est)19(ablishing a cour)18(se or a pr)19(ogr)19(am)]tj 0 -1.23529 td -0.013 tw [(in ecology)111(, f)18(or ecology is not a cour)19(se or a pr)19(ogr)18(am. r)19(ather it is the f)19(oundation)]tj t* -0.004 tw [(of all cour)19(ses)36(, all pr)19(ogr)19(ams)36(, and all pr)19(ofessions because ecology is a functional)]tj t* -0.003 tc -0.011 tw [(cosmology)111(. ecology is not a part of medicine; medicine is an e)19(xtension of ecol)-1(-)]tj t* -0.002 tc -0.012 tw [(ogy)111(. ecology is not a part of la)18(w; la)19(w is an e)19(xtension of ecology)110(. so t)19(oo, in their)]tj t* 0 tc -0.004 tw [(o)19(wn w)19(a)18(y)111(, the same can be said of economics and e)19(v)19(en the humanities)37(. (p. 84))]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 10 0 0 10 73 440.9616 tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.003 tc 0.135 tw [(w)92(e need t)19(o look be)19(y)18(ond these piecemeal, \322band-aid\323 solutions)37(. clearly)110(,)]tj 0 -1.2 td 0 tc 0 tw [(change on a lar)19(ger scale is r)18(equir)19(ed.)]tj 1.8 -1.2 td 0.0001 tc (a)tj 1.04683 0 td 0 tc 0.139 tw [(mo)19(v)18(ement that st)19(ands apart fr)19(om f)18(ormal schooling, and in man)19(y)]tj -2.84683 -1.2 td -0.02 tc 0.006 tw [(w)19(a)19(y)19(s is diametrically opposed t)19(o it, and one that could be a po)18(w)20(erful ally her)18(e)]tj t* 0.015 tc 0.124 tw [(is the deschooling mo)19(v)18(ement. as w)93(est)19(on has observ)18(ed in this journal)]tj t* -0.017 tc 0.003 tw [((1996), little connection has been made t)19(o date betw)19(een the deschooling and)]tj t* 0.002 tc 0 tw (envir)tj 2.19312 0 td 0.137 tw [(onment)19(al education mo)18(v)19(ements)37(. envir)19(onment)19(al education is strug-)]tj -2.19312 -1.2 td 0.007 tc 0.132 tw [(gling f)19(or legitimac)18(y in schooling, but continues t)19(o be interpr)19(eted as an)]tj t* -0.008 tc -0.006 tw [(e)19(xtr)18(eme)56(, or fringe)56(, special-inter)19(est field. deschooler)19(s)37(, on the other hand, ar)19(e)]tj t* 0 tc 0.041 tw [(also seen as a fringe gr)19(oup in that the)18(y ar)19(e fighting against schooling as a)]tj t* -0.018 tc 0.004 tw [(whole)56(. but these tw)18(o mo)19(v)19(ements ha)18(v)19(e much t)19(o offer each other)110(, and it is odd)]tj t* -0.005 tc -0.009 tw (that this r)tj 4.07497 0 td (elationship has y)tj 7.15616 0 td (et t)tj 1.35996 0 td -0.0051 tc (o)tj 0.79587 0 td -0.005 tc [(be de)19(v)19(eloped. \(i imagine this is because one)]tj -13.38696 -1.20001 td -0.012 tc -0.002 tw [(gr)19(oup is trying t)18(o)1( )1(w)20(ork itself int)19(o the schooling model, and the other is w)18(o)1(r)1(k)1(-)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.002 tc -0.012 tw [(ing t)19(o get a)18(w)20(a)19(y)1( )1(f)1(r)19(om it.\) the)19(y)1( )1(w)20(ould both be)55(,)1( )1(f)20(o)1(r)1( )1(e)20(x)19(ample)56(, committed t)18(o an)]tj t* -0.012 tc -0.001 tw (education that finds people out)tj 13.03587 0 td -0.013 tc 0 tw (door)tj 1.93111 0 td -0.0126 tc (s)tj 0.67735 0 td -0.013 tc (mor)tj 1.73963 0 td -0.0125 tc (e)tj 0.75151 0 td -0.012 tc -0.001 tw [(often, and should both be)56(,)1( )1(f)19(o)1(r)1( )1(t)1(h)1(e)]tj -18.13547 -1.20001 td 0.013 tc 0.125 tw [(r)18(easons outlined in this paper)111(, opposed t)19(o)-1( )-1(t)-1(h)-1(e)-1( )-1(m)-1(e)-1(c)-1(h)-1(a)-1(n)-1(i)-1(s)-1(m)-1( )-1(i)-1(n)-1(h)-1(e)-2(r)18(e)-1(n)-1(t)-1( )-1(i)-1(n)]tj 0 -1.2 td -0.008 tc -0.006 tw [(schooling as w)19(e kno)18(w it. it is pr)19(ecisely the (potential) lack of structur)18(e inher-)]tj t* -0.009 tc -0.005 tw (ent in the deschooling appr)tj 11.56501 0 td (oach, and the possibility of a limitless number of)tj -11.56501 -1.2 td 0 tc -0.006 tw [(individual appr)19(oaches t)18(o education that is of inter)19(est t)19(o us her)18(e)56(. the mech-)]tj t* -0.001 tc -0.013 tw [(anism in a mandated sy)19(stem cannot hold sw)18(a)19(y o)18(v)19(er an individual who cr)18(e-)]tj t* 0 tc -0.004 tw (ates an alternativ)tj 7.41623 0 td -0.0001 tc (e)tj 0.77336 0 td 0 tc [(t)19(o this sy)18(stem. with less r)19(equir)19(ed structur)18(e)56(, w)19(e will lik)18(e-)]tj -8.18959 -1.2 td 0 tw [(ly find that mechanism enjo)19(y)19(s less of a hold.)]tj 1.8 -1.2 td -0.013 tw [(mor)19(e specifically)110(, what pr)19(actices ar)19(e possible with deschooling that the)]tj -1.8 -1.2 td -0.022 tc 0.008 tw [(schooling model can learn fr)19(om if it seeks t)18(o w)19(eak)18(en the r)19(ole pla)19(y)19(ed b)18(y mech-)]tj t* -0.013 tc -0.001 tw [(anism? 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(1929). )tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f4 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 156.2797 240.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k [(the aims of education and other essay)19(s)]tj et q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f3 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 294.7076 240.6685 tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 tc (.)tj 0.55565 0 td 0 tc [(ne)19(w y)79(ork: ment)19(or)110(.)]tj et 0 0 0 0 k 72 17.4601 324 23.0399 re f q /gs2 gs /gs1 gs q bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 233.139 33.8348 tm 0 0 0 1 k (bastions of mechanism, castles built on sand)tj et 0 0 0 0 k 396 17.496 24.7 23.0401 re f bt /f0 1 tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 401.1613 33.8708 tm 0 0 0 1 k (203)tj et q endstream endobj 17 0 obj << /nums[0<>] >> endobj 18 0 obj << /type/encoding /differences[32/space 40/parenleft/parenright 44/comma/hyphen/period/slash/zero/one/two/three/four/five/six/seven/eight/nine/colon 65/a/b/c/d/e/f 74/j 77/m/n/o/p 82/r/s/t 97/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z 210/quotedblleft/quotedblright 213/quoteright] /baseencoding/macromanencoding >> endobj 19 0 obj << /subtype/type1c /length 6112 /length1 6112 >> stream cxtsxh+eurostileregular7 ? 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