including the ocean in formal k-12 climate education: assessment of a lesson for middle and high school 世界杯2022赛程表淘汰赛

abstract

formal climate education without consideration of the ocean is incomplete. the effectiveness of a new climate lesson for youth that includes the ocean-climate nexus was examined by delivering the lesson to nine classes situated in separate british columbia, canada public schools and assessing the 世界杯2022赛程表淘汰赛 ' understanding of basic climate concepts before and after the lesson. among the youth assessed, before-lesson understanding of basic climate science concepts was low. the lesson led to significant improvements in the understanding of climate science; the after-lesson level of understanding appears to be a function of age. the classes with the lowest (29%) and highest (73-79%) after-lesson class averages were the classes composed of the youngest and oldest 世界杯2022赛程表淘汰赛 , respectively. the age-related differences are considered with respect to the 世界杯2022赛程表淘汰赛 ' cognitive developmental stage, and suggestions are made to improve understanding among younger 世界杯2022赛程表淘汰赛 .